2004考研英语一卷答案及解析

这一篇小文，小编就给大家解析一下2000年~2004年考研英语的五篇作文，帮助大家更好地把握考研英语的写作思路和选题走向。#考研英语#2000年真题作文部分2000年这一年考察的是图画作文。自图画作文登场，考研英语作文从形式上看的几大类型文章基本都出现了。这一年的作文给出了两张图片，图片下面有一句话，指明了方向。作文的字数要求是不少于150词。除此以外，题目中还给出了文章的内容提纲。文章的话题是：“过度捕捞”；标题自拟；主题词是“over-fishing”。文章结构大体可以分为三段：其一是“描述图画”，阐明两幅图的不同即变化，其二是“总结图画所反映的现象”，其三是“给出合理的解决建议”。作文分值15分。So it is high time we took effective measures to solve this problem.所以，我们是时候采取一些有效的措施去解决这一问题了。2001年真题作文部分2001年这一年考察的也是图画作文。有的老师也称之为“漫画作文”，其实都是可以的。这篇文章从题干来看，和之前的漫画作文有了很大的变化，这些变化体现为：其一，作文的分值从15分变成了20分；其二，在题干的开头给出了一段描述，显然是在提示文章的主题；其三，字数要求由原来的的150词变成了200词。当然，文章给出了写作的思路：第一段是对漫画的描述，解释考生对漫画后文章象征意义的了解；第二段是给出一个具体的例子，来论证观点；第三段是给出相关的献爱心的建议。文章的话题是“爱心”；主题词是“love”。There is probably no other feeling that is nobler than love. Everybody not only needs love ，but also should give others love.大概没有一种感觉比爱更高贵了。每个人都不仅需要爱，更应该把爱传递给别人。2002年真题作文部分2002年这一年考察的是图画作文。但是和以前不同，不是漫画，而是一张穿着中国传统服装的美国女孩的照片。从题干来看，和去年漫画作文的要求是一致的。首先是给出了一段描述，但是这里的描述意义不大；其次是交代考生文章的内容要求；接下来是作文的字数要求和分值：作文的分值为20分，字数要求为200词。这篇文章可以分成三部分来写：第一段是对照片的描述，这题相对简单，因为题干和照片下方已经给出了相应的语料；第二段是解释图片背后的含义，要注意，服装只是表现，其“里”指的应该是“文化”的内容；第三段是给出考生自己的观点、评论或者是建议，当然指的应该是文化输出的建议，因为这毕竟是一个美国女孩。文章的话题是“文化交流”；主题词是“cultural exchange”；分值是20分。All in all，cultural exchange is an effective way to achieve efficient cross-cultural communication and promote world peace and prosperity.总之，文化交流是一种有效的实现跨文化交流和促进世界和平和繁荣的方式。2003年真题作文部分2003年这一年考察的是漫画作文。题干可以说是越来越精简，可以说题干中有效的信息就是思路和词数、分值的说明。字数要求是200词左右；分值是20分；文章的话题可以理解为“儿童教育”，也可以理解为“挫折的重要性”；主题词是“hardship/difficulties”。行文的结构应该是三段：第一段是对图表的内容进行简单描述，重点揭示前后的变化；第二段是揭示漫画在现实中的含义，也可以写一写“温室”对于“花朵”究竟会有怎样的危害；第三段是给出看法和建议，或者是呼吁也可。Thus，it is high time that parents，ecatiors and the government made joint efforts put an end to this situation.因此，家长、教育者、政府是时候共同努力来结束这样的情况了。2004年真题作文部分2004年这一年考察的是漫画作文。题干中的有效信息是思路，其余和去年没有任何变化。字数要求是200词左右；分值是20分；文章的话题是“终点和起点”；主题词是“final spur and starting point”。文章的写作思路是：第一段对漫画的内容进行描述，第二段指出这图画含义的社会现状，第三段提出支撑自己观点的例子，比如大学生毕业，既是一个阶段的结束，有时一个新阶段的开始。Only when we are well-prepared for it can we meet the challenge in the future.我们只有做好准备才能迎接未来的挑战。考研英语是很难的好了，这就是2000年~2004年考研英语作文的全部解析，很是很走心的喽，如果帮助到了你，感谢点赞关注哈~（真题图书推荐陈正康老师的《真题超精读》，很详细，也很走心~不过要注意自己考得究竟是一还是二，千万不要买错了喽）政治：“对国家出路的早期探索”专题易错考点考研英语：1994~1999年真题作文全解析

最近很多同学都在咨询历年的考研真题，惊呼君为了节约大家的时间，接下来会陆陆续续的把考研真题更新出来，敬请期待ing...答案及解析下期公布，敬请期待...

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2020考研英语已经结束，2020考研英语真题已经公布，以下是金程考研第一时间为大家带来2020考研英语一真题，看看自己考得怎么样！剩下的考试加油呀，在考研路上，金程考研与大家并肩前行！2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析（完整版）

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

The Economist 经济学人英国著名财经杂志，是考研英语阅读真题来源最多的杂志，以财经类文章为主，其它方面也有涉及2.Nature 自然英国权威科学杂志，考研英语科普类文章的主要来源3.Scientific American 科学美国人美国著名科普杂志，考研英语科普类文章的主要来源4.Business Week 商业周刊全球最大的商业杂志，考研英语财经类文章主要来源5.Newsweek 新闻周刊美国主流杂志，综合类6.Time 时代周刊美国主流杂志，综合类7.The New York Times 纽约时报美国主流报纸，综合类8.The Guardian 卫报英国主流报纸，综合类

英语一 翻译2019英语一翻译讲述医疗杂志文章质量下降这样一个现象，并分析了原因及危害，以及呼吁我们应该做什么。这和考研英语作文一样的结构——提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。我们来聊聊考察语言点的变化。首先，49题考查对虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。这是英语一1997年以来首次考查复杂虚拟语气的翻译！这表明，不能因为历年真题没有考查过就认定不会考。考生需要掌握英语所有常见语法知识点，方可应对英译汉。其次，47题考查比较结构，这是历史上第一次考查带有倍数的比较结构，并且第二比较项中的"would have done"这种带推测的动词形式在翻译中几乎没有考查过，而且也不作为阅读理解的考点。所以考生并没有予以重视，预计得分率很低。然后是词汇方面。英译汉每年都考查大量的多义词、派生词和固定用法，今年也不例外。比如46题中的多义词"lay"、复合形容词"short-lived"；49题中的多义词"associates"以及固定用法"in return for"；还有，50题中的派生词"reprocible"和"incentivize"。以上都会给考场中紧张的考生造句困难。杨凡达老师预计今年的英译汉难度系数会在0.35-0.4之间，与去年持平或略简单。46）There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.参考译文：这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈，如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道，这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。难点1："nonsense"。直接翻译成“废话”扣分，因为在这句中不是那层意思。原文前面说每周吃超过多少克的西兰花会导致年纪大了后更容易贫血。其实我们平常在新闻中看到类似的言论有很多。作者的意思是这些都是扯淡，没有严谨的科学依据。所以这里的"nonsense"译为“无稽之谈”要好一些。难点2：短语"take up"的意思是“接受并开始做/从事某事”。意思是这些广播电台听信了这样的说法就会如何如何。难点3："the lay press"中的"lay"是难点，不是我们熟知的“放置、铺设”等的意思。"lay"在这里做形容词，表示“非专业的，外行的”，所以"layman"这个词表示“门外汉”。这里的"the lay press"指的是非专业媒体，大概就是那种野鸡媒体。难点4："short-lived"可根据其本身和上下文来猜测其大概含义。"short"表示短，"lived"表示活着，所以"short-lived"大概意思是“短命的”，在这里引申为“短暂的，为期不长的”。47）nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.参考译文：现如今，任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量，是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。难点1：处理这句话中的比较结构。通读句子，我们大概得到的信息是“A是B的两倍”，只是如何把这句话翻的通顺是需要思考的。难点2："would otherwise have been"是后半句的难点，"otherwise"字面意思是“否则”，但如果润色到位可以不用翻译出来。但"would have done"这种特殊的谓语形式，其实很多同学会觉得比较难。这个结构表示“合理推测”，在虚拟语气中经常出现，比如"I would have been a programmer but end up being an English teacher."(我本可以成为一名程序员，结果却当了英语老师)。在这句话中，用"would have been"表示如果是十年前，本可以怎么样怎样。48）Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's published papers.参考译文：人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势，比如除发表数量外，在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。难点1：被动语态"have been made"如何处理。我在翻译课反复强调被动语态的处理方法，主要手段有将“被”字转译为其它汉子或将被动语态转为主动语态亦或者总体换一个说法。考生在考场上需要做的是用这几种方法去尝试，合理通顺即可。这一句的"Attempts have been made to …"可译为“人们已经尝试…”。难点2："as well as"。很多人以为这是“而且”的意思，可以代替"and"，但这只是它的其中一种用法。我记得我在某课中讲解过"as well as"的另一种用法——表示“除…之外还有…”，在句子中充当定语。在48题中，如果我们将"as well as"理解为第一种情况，"some measure of quality as well as quantity"的意思是“某种质量和数量的衡量标准”。好像没太明白是什么意思，对不对？上下文告诉我们，因为只看论文数量导致大家拼命写论文而导致质量下降，所以我们已经采取了一些搜段来改变这种状况，那不就是应该在数量之外引入新的衡量标准，比如论文质量。所以"as well as"在这里符合第二种情况，表示“除…之外还有…”。考生在考场上需要迅速做出这样的判断，难度比较大，所以杨老师认为这0.5分很多考生拿不到。难点3："an applicant's published papers"。这个语言点考得很细，考查过去分词的语义。过去分词可以表“完成”或“被动”，考生需要根据语境判断。这里所说的“申请者的论文”指什么？第47句告诉我们申请者需要在申请之前发表一定数量的论文。根据这一点，我们可以断定"published"在这里表示完成，那么"an applicant's published papers"指“申请者已经发表的论文”。49）This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.参考译文：这种做法本应该是合理的，但事实上，科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章，或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。难点1：如何翻译虚拟语气（非真实条件句）？简单的诸如"If I were you, I would buy the car"（如果我是你，我会买这辆车。）很好处理。但49这一题比较复杂，其核心结构是"This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that …"，大致可以翻译为“如果不是因为这样一个事实，这会是合理的”。不过，因为“事实”对应的内容非常长，而且“如果…这会是…”也不太符合汉语表达习惯，所以杨凡达老师将其润色为“这种做法本应该是合理的，但事实上，…”难点2："associates"为多义词，通常做动词表示“联系”，在这里做名词用表示“同事”。难点3："similar favors"。这个短语的字面意思是“相类似的好处”。如果不结合上下文，很难明白这个短语真正想表达什么。前文说“开始引入论文质量衡量体系”，这本是件好事。但所谓道高一尺魔高一丈，研究者会利用机制漏洞继续发表低质量作文，也就是"the fact that …"之后的内容。比如，他们会在新文章中引用自己发表的文章已增加影响因子，或者和同事约定好互相引用，也就对应到原文"get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors"（让同事写论文时引用自己的文章，好处就是自己也去引用对方的文章）。50）If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.参考译文：如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的，并且可以被后人反复利用，我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。难点1：如何翻译"reprocible"？这是一个超纲词，但并不“犯规”。意思是，这个单词由常见词根词缀构成——"re = again + proce = make + ible = be able to"。因此，这个单词的字面含义是“可再生的，可复制的，可繁殖的”，也就是“能够再次生产”。不过我们若将"our science is reprocible"翻译为“我们的科学是可再生/复制/繁殖的”显然不妥。那么，作者到底想表达什么？我们还需要借助上下文。整篇文章说医学界论文质量大幅下降，发表的都是“垃圾”，说明这些论文一文不值，对于社会进步没有任何帮助。而好的论文应该可被利用的，比如利用论文成果开发产品改善生活质量、或者给后续科研提供理论基础等等。所以，我将其翻译为“可被后人反复利用”难点2：超纲词"incentivize"。熟悉的配方，熟悉的味道，这依然是由常见词根词缀构成的单词。"incentive"是考研大纲收入的名词，意思是“鼓励、激励”，而"ize"是常见动词后缀，那么"incentivize"理论上可理解为“鼓励、激励”这个动作，而且这也符合原文语境。总结：英语一英译汉板块依然是整张试卷最难的板块，但在这部分上拿到不错分数也并非不可能。我们需要的是方法和态度。方法指的是了解英译汉命题规律和考点，比如一直重点考查的多义词、派生词和固定用法，以及今年首次考查的虚拟语气等。那么我们在背单词阶段的态度应该有所转变。比如，我们需要积累常见词根、词缀以便结合上下文猜测出超纲词的含义，我们还需要积累常见单词的生僻含义以及单词组合起来构成的固定用法（成语）。而且我们在做这些训练的同时，提升的绝对不只是英译汉能力，同时提高的还有阅读理解能力和写作能力。英语二 翻译It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.参考译文：英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书，我只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易，做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法，他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利，这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢，但他带个世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样，他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历，但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易，在文学界的成就也不例外。【详细解析】和2018年真题类似，这一年翻译文章是对知名人物的介绍，文字难度低，通俗易懂，难度基本与2018持平。英语二翻译总体难度比英语一低，但每年得分率也不超过60%，这是因为字里行间中有一些细小的单词、短语、结构较难理解或润色，而这些点是阅卷者阅卷时的重点关注对象，也是得分或扣分的关键。从2010-2019这十年翻译真题，我们不断得出一个结论：重视英语基本功。这指的是对英语单词在特定语境中的理解、掌握常见的固定用法、以及了解英语和汉语在表达时的区别等等。英语二翻译价值15分，不容小觑，希望2020考研考生认真对待。1. It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.这句话中包含的句型"It is easy to do something"通常译为“做某事很简单”，所以这句可直译为“低谷英国作家"James Herriot"很简单”。但这不够通顺，所以我们要对其润色，比如“英国作家"James Herriot"很容易被低估”，这就好比我们会把"It is easy to learn English"译为“英语很容易学”的原理是一样的。另外"James Herriot"这个名字可以不译，也可以根据读音译为詹姆斯哈里亚特（请参考007"James Bond"的译名）。尽管这个作家在国内早已约定翻译为吉米哈利，但译为“詹姆斯哈里亚特”不扣分。2. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.前半句直译成“他有如此的令人愉悦的、可读的风格”显然不妥。首先，我们在这里讨论他的作品风格，而不是他本人性格，所以"pleasant, readable"描述他的作品而非作者，因此我们可以将pleasant润色为“讨喜”，并将"readable"译为“通俗易懂”。3. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven't the time.”词句包含直接引语，这部分独立不可分割，我们可以先译出来——我可以写书，我只是没有时间。前半句的意思是多次听人们说这样一句话，所以整句话可译为：我听过多少次人们说“我可以写书，我只是没有时间”。也可以先翻译直接引语，再总结式地翻译前半句：“我可以写书，只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。4. Easily said. Not so easily done.省略句，源自成句"easily said than done"(说起来比做起来容易)，原句为"It is easily said. It is not so easily done." 因为在这篇文章中，原本的成语一分为二，翻译时也可以如此断句——说起来容易，但做起来没那么简单。5. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”这句话包含两个插入成分。首先是"contrary to popular opinion"（与大众观点相反的是），这是一个句子状语，通常放在句首，偶尔像这句话一样，放在主语和谓语之间。在翻译的时候，放在句首符合汉语表达习惯。后面的"as he put it"（就像他所说的）是一个状语从句，但插入在of和后面的直接引语之间，造句理解困难。将这个成分剥离，我们可以看到剩下部分in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”其实是一个时间状语，修饰主干成分。在翻译"as he put it"时，要考虑放在整句话哪个位置。放在原句那个位置显然不妥；其实我们根据汉语的语感，这种表达要么放句首起引领作用，要么放句尾起总结作用，但句首已经有了“与大众观点相反的是”，所以两者都放句首造成冲突。那么我们考虑将"as he put it"放句尾，但这样一来无论怎么润色都不通顺，所以我们考虑将它放句首并将"contrary to popular opinion"从而润色为“这与大众观点相反”。如此一来，整句话就通顺了。6. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.连词"while"放置于句首，多半情况下表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。从句中"natural talent"字面含义为“自然的才能”，也就是“天赋”的意思。另外，"an abundance of"的字面意思是“丰富的，大量的”，但搭配“天赋”不够通顺。冷静下来想一想，所谓的“丰富大量的天赋”不就是“才华横溢”嘛。主干部分都主语说的是他的作品。"Polished"一词原本指“经过打磨的”，但修饰作品时则表示“精彩的”。7. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.连词"but"之前的句子不太好润色。"Many disappointments and rejections"直译的结果是“多次失望和拒绝”。我们需要结合文章背景来做进一步理解：这位作家并非年少成名，而偏向大器晚成。那么一个这样的作家在早期必然经历很多挫折，比如像J.K.罗琳那样写的很多稿件被出版社拒之门外，从而无比失望了，这不就对应到"many disappointments和rejections"嘛。那么我们可以将这部分润色为“他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿/稿件被拒的失望经历”8. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.前半句考查固定用法"earn … the hard way"，意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法，但根据"the hard way"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"X be no exception"，意思是“X也不例外”，这个短语在阅读真题中出现过，做过相应文章的同学应该不陌生，可以轻松翻译出来。最后，祝大家圣诞节快乐。

本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 1部分。本文以批判“快时尚”为主题，就“消费者应该减少购衣”抵制快时尚对劳动力和环境的损害这一观点进行反驳。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Strep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.在2006年的电影版的《穿普拉达的女王》中，梅丽尔斯特里普所扮演的米兰达，斥责她毫无吸引力、穿衣乏味的助手，原因是助手认为高级时尚与她没有关系。Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.米兰达解释了助手身上穿的深蓝色的毛衣是怎样从时装展“沦落到”百货商店，然后又“沦落到”打折区，让这个可怜的穷孩子直接的淘换到的。21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.答案：[B] insensitivity to fashion.对时尚不敏感解析：本文知识点：因果细节题。由上文可知米兰达批评她的助手是因为助手认为时尚与她无关——也就是批评助手对时尚不敏感。[A] poor bargaining skill.砍价能力差，文中未提及。[C] obsession with high fashion.对高级时尚极度痴迷，与文中意思相反。[D] lack of imagination.缺少想象力，文中未提及。This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at oddswith the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.这种“组织严密的”时尚经济概念早就过时了，或者和“狂热的世界（《过度着装》描述的词汇）”不一致，伊丽莎白克莱恩历时三年对“快时尚”的控诉。In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.在过去十年，技术的进步使得大众品牌如Zara,HM,和优衣库对时尚趋势反应更快并且能更精确地预测用户需求。Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.更快的周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更多的推新和更多的利润。These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.这些商标鼓励有时尚意识的消费者把衣服看作一次性的，意味着只需要洗一两次，尽管他们并非这样宣传——每几周更新他们的衣橱。By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an instry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.克莱恩说道，通过以特别便宜的价格提供流行的商品，这些品牌绑架了时尚周期，把一个长久以来的习惯于“季节”为步伐的产业撼动了。22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] Tolerance.解析：答案22：D。本文知识点：人物观点细节题。上文引入对快时尚的批判，大众品牌诱导消费者将衣服看作一次性产品，可见克莱恩认为大众品牌在劝消费者频繁购衣。[A] combat unnecessary waste.反对不必要的浪费[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.将狂热的时尚界拒之门外[C] resist the influence of advertisements.拒绝广告的影响[D] shop for their garments more frequently.更频繁购买衣服答案23：A。[A] accusation.指控，指责[B] enthusiasm.热情[C] indifference.漠视[D] Tolerance.容忍The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.这场革命的受害者，不仅仅是设计师。For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.HM给他家在世界的2300多家店面提供针织迷你短裙，它必须依靠低工资的海外劳工，订单量巨大，对自然资源过度使用，并且使用大量有害的化学物质。Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.《过度着装》是像迈克尔普兰所写的《杂食者的困境》一样的消费者活跃分子在时尚界的同类畅销书。“Mass-proced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-rable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.批量生产的衣服，像快餐一样，满足了饥饿和需求，然而并不持久而且很浪费，克莱恩争论到，她发现美国人一年买大约200亿衣服，平均每人64件，而且无论他们怎么样捐赠，这种过量都导致浪费。Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully.在《过度着装》结尾处，克莱恩介绍她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林女性名叫萨拉，从2008年就亲手给自己制作所有的衣服，而且衣服做得很漂亮。但正如克莱恩首次提及，它花费了萨拉几十年来完善自己的手工技能，她的例子不能被复制。But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.但是正如克莱恩首次注意到的，萨拉花了几十年的时间来完善技术，她的例子不能被复制。Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.尽管一些快时尚公司在尽力减小它们在劳工和环境方面造成的不良影响，比如HM推出绿色产品系列，克莱恩依旧相信长久的变化只会来自于顾客的选择。She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.她展现出可持续发展支持者（无论是食物领域还是能源领域）共有的理想主义。Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.虚荣是永恒的，人们只会在付不起价款的时候才会开始买可持续性的产品。24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion instry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.答案：D。价格对购买环境友好型商品至关重要[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.虚荣更常见于理想主义者。[B] The fast-fashion instry ignores sustainability.快时尚行业忽视可持续发展。[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.人们对无力购买的衣服更感兴趣。25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion instry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.答案：C。批评快时尚行业。[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.对奢侈生活的讽刺[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.揭秘高级时尚的神话[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.揭露大众市场的秘密

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