2016考研英语一解析

Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.作为世界主要的国际语言，使用英语的人已经连续几十年保持增长态势。(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.尽管说英语的人数还在增加，但是有迹象表明英语在可预见的未来将失去在世界的主导地位。Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breadth of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.复杂的国际、经济、技术和文化变革将削弱英语在国际市场上的语言主导地位，英国享受的由于广泛使用英语的便利的优势将最终面临新的压力。那些现实的可能性由大卫格拉多尔的研究强调出来。(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.他的研究会终结那些相信英语在全球的地位非常稳固而自满的人的想法，那些人认为年青一代英国人不需要额外的语言能力。David Graddol concludes that monoglotEnglish graates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations.大卫格拉多尔总结单一的英语本科毕业生面临暗淡的经济前景，因为其他国家的会说多语言的年轻人在全球公司和组织中更有资格比英国同龄人更有优势。Alongside that,(48)many countries are introcing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.同时，许多国家把英语纳入小学课程，但是英国的学生却似乎没有获得更多的鼓励去熟练掌握其他语言。If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international ecation markets as the demand for ecational resources in languages, such as Spanish ，Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.p>如果对其放任自流，这样的趋势将消减英语在国际教育市场上的相对实力，因为对西班牙语、阿拉伯语或者汉语的需求在增长，国际业务流程的外包比如日语、法语和德语也在扩张。(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all presentclear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader ecation business sectors.大卫格拉多尔指出这些变化对向其他国家提供英语教学的英国个人和组织机构乃至更大的教育产业领域构成明确的重大的挑战。The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other ecation related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more.英语教育行业的无形出口直接赚取13亿英镑，我们其他教育相关出口每年额外获得高达100亿英镑的收益。As the international ecation market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.由于国际教育市场扩大，最近到几个主要说英语的国家学习的国际学生人数减少的趋势可能会持续下去，尤其是没有有效的战略措施来阻止这种下滑趋势的话。The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:本研究对可能的需求转变的预测具有重大意义。(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.它为旨在促进英语学习和使用的所有组织机构提供了一个基础，该基础用于应对由一种或许会很不一样的运作环境所带来的的各种可能。那是必要且可行的方法。在这件事上，和许多其他事上一样，那些希望影响未来的人必须为此做好准备。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

问题：考研英语真题谁的好用？考研真相or黄皮书？这题我觉得我还挺适合的，因为我是二战。第一次用的张剑的黄皮书，第二次用的《考研真相》。以前觉得二战丢人，现在觉得没啥，因为我考上了哈哈哈。其实二战压力挺大的。因为我身边真的没有那种考研失败的，要么直接就考上了，要么早早就找好了工作，想哭都找不到人。考研失利后，我也尝试过找工作，但像我这种二本院校、专业一般、性格内向的，确实很难在高校云集的西安找到合适的工作。别人一听，本科生？给你3000算高的。之后我干了1个多月教小学生语文的工作。工作地方远，一月只能拿2000多，我还招架不了那些小孩，一个比一个皮。没办法，及时止损，递了辞呈，教完小孩的最后一批课程，我就正式开始我的二战之路了，想通过提升学历来提升工资待遇。————————————开启二战———————————首先当然是选资料了，你问考研英语真题谁的好用？就只说说你关注的英语。单词书我沿用了之前的，但是真题被我画得乱七八糟的，所以只能重买一本了。原先用的是张剑黄皮书，其实整体问题也不大，但我想换本新的，重新开始，就也是在知乎上看人推荐了《考研真相》，所以就买了。下面我从我印象比较深刻的几个方面，给你对比一下这两本真题书，只是我的个人使用感受啊，不喜勿喷。1、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从解析的详细程度上个人观点，在答案的详细程度上，《考研真相》更胜一筹。像我之前用黄皮书时，它里面的句子就是挑着讲的，讲的也确实都是难理解的句子。但是有些黄皮书认为简单的句子，对我这种基础差的，还是有一定挑战性的。但是《考研真相》对英语渣就比较友好了，它是每个句子都有解析，长难句还有图解，重点单词也单独注释。我觉得更适合基础弱的考研党，那些英语特别好的同学，可能会觉得有点儿鸡肋。p.s.黄皮书大学毕业寄书那次就丢了，占地方，也破了没法再用了。所以现在没有照片，大家谅解一下哈。2、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从文章结构的整体把控上这点黄皮书做得更好。黄皮书比较看重阅读的整体理解，它不会像《考研真相》那样，给你一句句分析句子结构，而更重视文章结构解题思路。看了黄皮书的解析，你能很好地把控句子之间的联系和上下文结构关系。简单来说，就是你在基本理解文意的基础上，黄皮书会教你做题套路。你要是英语基础比较好，可以考虑黄皮书。英语渣就算了，因为你连文章啥意思都没看懂，做题套路摆在你面前你也不会用。3、考研英语真题谁的好用？——从作文范文和后续练习来看我觉得《考研真相》和黄皮书各有千秋。平时练真题，对我来说，最难的一是阅读，二就是作文了。所以我比较关注作文。从给的范文来看，《考研真相》更有亮点，因为它会给2篇范文，一个是比较简单的经典模板，另一个是升级了单词、句式表达的创新范文。方便后期复习时拔高用。再从后续练习看，《黄皮书》后面有自己布置练习，还是参考真题风格来的，有一定的押题可能，你要是复习时间比较多，可以试着练练。→关于考研英语真题谁的好用？，总结一下：《考研真相》更适合基础弱的考研党用。啥叫基础弱，比如你四六级低分过/考了好几次才过、拿到一篇阅读，一半以上的内容都看不懂……《黄皮书》更适合基础比较好的。就是基本能看懂文章，做题时长难句不是阻碍，能看懂文章但就是做不对题，这样的话，你就很适合黄皮书了。上面的分析可能不是很全面，但都是我的亲身感受。你也可以借学长学姐的黄皮书和《考研真相》，自己比较比较。选到适合自己的资料，也有事半功倍的效果哦。————————————回忆结束———————————其实研究生工资可能比本科生也高不了很多，但是二战带给我的，不仅是一个研究生学历，更是重新再来的勇气、不断反思总结自己的自省能力。最关键是，弥补了我高考以及一战时的遗憾。人生很长，希望你有不断追求自己所要的勇气和坚持，老学姐祝你考研成功，离自己想要的生活越来越近，加油！

12月22日，2019年研究生考试开考，全国290万考生报名，创下10年来最高记录。第一天英语考试就难哭，“考研英语一难”，“debate是什么意思”连着两个考研英语相关话题上了微博热搜。 看到热搜话题，网友们纷纷表示：“看到大家都不会，我就放心了。”有监考老师看到卷子后都果断放弃了：不少人表示，根本没看懂，今年的题似乎不能按套路来……“感觉今年英语难出新高度，新题型半天选不出来，翻译题做得狗屁不通……和往年真题比也太难了。”到底是什么题目难倒了广大考生呢？根据考生回忆，英语一的小作文题目是，我为一个援助乡村小学（aiding rural primary school）工作，一个国际志愿者要求我写新告诉他项目的细节。许多网友表示，“只认识school”，“rural”什么意思?英语一的大作文是一幅图，两个爬山的人，一个想要放弃，另一个劝他坚持。根据图片写文章，要求简单描述图片内容，阐述图片表达的含义，并给出你的评价。考研二的小作文是一个教授让学生设计一个关于城市交通的辩论(debate)主题。很多考生不认识debate这个单词，拿到题目一脸懵。大作文是根据图表写文章，主题是大学生毕业去向。图表是中文的，描绘了2013年-2018年毕业生的几个选择，很多考生看到“创业”就懵了，不知道用英语怎么表达。那么，今年的考研英语真的有那么难吗？看看专家的解读。2019考研英语一真题小作文参考范文【参考范文】Dear friend,I am greatly pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to you to express my sincere hope that I can offer you some details about the project of Aiding Rural Primary School. The details are as follows.In the first place, the aim of this project is to help rural children in a poor financial condition to improve their English, which needs you make an English teaching plan in advance. In the second place, this project will be held at June, lasting about 15days, therefore it is essential for you to prepare some clothes and daily necessities.In the last place, importance should be attached to the role played by the language e to the fact that there is a few people understanding English, which needs you are capable of speaking basic Chinese.I wish my introction could satisfy your requirement, and look forward to discussing more details with you.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming【参考译文】亲爱的朋友：我很开心收到你的来信，我写这封信主要是为你详细介绍一下关于“援助乡村小学”项目的信息，细节如下：首先，这个项目是为了帮助乡村家庭条件不好的孩子提高他们的英文水平，需要你提前做一份英语教学计划，其次这个项目将在6月进行并将持续15天，因此你需要准备一些衣物和日用品。最后，由于当地的人基本不懂英语，所以你最好学习一些汉语的基本表达。我希望我的介绍回答了你想知道的问题，期待和你讨论更多的细节。你最真挚的，李明【解题思路】今年的小作文考得主要是关于一个项目的介绍，并给这位志愿者回信，那么这篇小作文可以写介绍信，在之前的考试中也有类似的话题，所以构思上还是很容易的。第一段主要表达一下自己收到来信的心情并表达一下自己这封回信的目的，第二段可以展开对项目进行介绍，比如项目的目标、背景、时间或者地点等，也可以拓展一些自己会写的内容，第三段就是常规的客套，希望这封回信能帮到对方或者在未来能与对方进行进一步的讨论。只要你有作文框架和思路，这篇作文还是很容易拿高分的。2019考研英语(二)真题大作文：毕业生去向【题目要求】48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)【参考范文】This bar chart depicts the changes of college students’ different choices after graation from 2013 to 2018. According to the data given above, the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased from 68.1% to 60.7% while the percentage of pursuing a further study in postgraate schools increased from 26.3% to 34.0%. By contrast, the change of the percentage of starting a business is not obvious.There are several possible factors which account for this phenomenon and the followings are the typical ones. On the one hand, e to the increasing emphasis on ecation, pursuing a further study has become much more popular for college students. On the other, it is the stress from fierce employment competition that makes college students realize the significance of enhancing their academic level and practical skills, which explains the reason why the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased obviously.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that this established trend is acceptable. And it is wise for postgraate students to broaden their horizons and to improve their practical skills ring postgraate study. Only in this way, can they be qualified for the future position.【参考范文】该柱状图描述了2013年至2018年间毕业大学生选择的变化。根据以上数据，找工作的比例从68.1%下降到了60.7%；选择继续深造的比例从26.3%上升到了34.0%。相比之下，创业的比例变化并不明显。导致上述现象的原因可能有多个，但接下来我要说的是最为典型的两个。一方面，由于对教育的重视程度越来越高，继续深造已经成为越来越多的大学生的选择。另一方面，激烈的就业竞争压力使大学生意识到了提高学术水平和实践技能的重要性，这也就说明了为什么找工作的比例会明显下降。综上所述，可以得出如下结论：上述所反映的既定趋势是可以接受的。但是，在读研期间拓宽视野并提高实践能力才是明智的。只有这样，他们才能胜任未来的工作。考研英语（二）题目如下：Directions: Suppose professor Smith asks you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him. 1）Suggest a topic and with your reasons; 2）And your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “Zhang Wei” instead. Don’t write your address. (10 points)首先，从形式来讲，2019考研英语（二）小作文的出题形式基本和历年真题保持一致，给出一个简要的指导，且依旧延续了历年小作文两点提纲的风格。但是，不变中蕴含的却是变化，参加过考试的考生肯定在考场上就发现，2019考研英语（二）小作文的署名发生了变化，由“李明”换回了“张伟”。这又缘何说起呢？简要回顾2010年到2018年考研英语（二）小作文的署名，我们发现，从2010年到2012年，署名均以“张伟”的形式出现；之后从2012年到2018年，除却2015年的通知，均要求以“李明”署名结束。然而，2019再次换回“张伟”，这就提醒广大考生，考场上一定要仔细审题，不能放过题目中的任何信息，否则都会造成失分。其次，从难易程度上来看，2019考研英语（二）基本也和历年真题持平。题目是围绕一个有关城市交通的辩论展开的话题，具体来说就是一位史密斯教授让“你”制定一个有关城市交通主题辩论的计划，并写出你对整场辩论的安排。“城市交通”是贴近考生生活的话题，所以，针对这一话题，广大考生不用担心缺乏行文思路，导致难以落笔。其次，有关辩论的安排，仔细分析，跟2013年以及2015年考研英语（二）小作文有相似之处。2013年是关于慈善义卖活动的电子邮件，2015年是招募志愿者的夏令营的通知，涉及活动必然要求写明活动起止时间、持续时间以及活动地点，所以，认真备考过的考生在写第二点提纲时可以借鉴2013年和2015年背过的句式及表达进行写作。不过，从另一方面来看，2019考研英语（二）小作文可能困扰考生的地方在于“debate”一词，该词对基础扎实的考生构不成威胁，但对于基础薄弱的学生可能是致命一击，所以，单词是考研英语备考的基石，文都教育的1575词汇书还得是广大考生备考的必选书目。此外，另一个需要注意的点便是“arrangement”一词，该词是可数名词，通常使用复数，若考生在行文中提出多点安排，必须使用该词的复数形式“arrangements”。（浙江24小时记者 郑琳）大家都爱看动动手指，赢精美礼品！2018浙江十大天气气候事件，你说了算下周“真·冷空气”来了　浙江人的冬至有你的独家记忆吗？“我开得想哭”4天7万元油费，舟山船老大拖着外籍无人游艇回港来源：浙江24小时、新浪微博等责编：侯玮编辑：杨柳看完英语作文的网友，为自己点个赞吧 今天考场上的考生，要继续加油鸭↓↓↓

英语一 翻译2019英语一翻译讲述医疗杂志文章质量下降这样一个现象，并分析了原因及危害，以及呼吁我们应该做什么。这和考研英语作文一样的结构——提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。我们来聊聊考察语言点的变化。首先，49题考查对虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。这是英语一1997年以来首次考查复杂虚拟语气的翻译！这表明，不能因为历年真题没有考查过就认定不会考。考生需要掌握英语所有常见语法知识点，方可应对英译汉。其次，47题考查比较结构，这是历史上第一次考查带有倍数的比较结构，并且第二比较项中的"would have done"这种带推测的动词形式在翻译中几乎没有考查过，而且也不作为阅读理解的考点。所以考生并没有予以重视，预计得分率很低。然后是词汇方面。英译汉每年都考查大量的多义词、派生词和固定用法，今年也不例外。比如46题中的多义词"lay"、复合形容词"short-lived"；49题中的多义词"associates"以及固定用法"in return for"；还有，50题中的派生词"reprocible"和"incentivize"。以上都会给考场中紧张的考生造句困难。杨凡达老师预计今年的英译汉难度系数会在0.35-0.4之间，与去年持平或略简单。46）There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.参考译文：这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈，如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道，这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。难点1："nonsense"。直接翻译成“废话”扣分，因为在这句中不是那层意思。原文前面说每周吃超过多少克的西兰花会导致年纪大了后更容易贫血。其实我们平常在新闻中看到类似的言论有很多。作者的意思是这些都是扯淡，没有严谨的科学依据。所以这里的"nonsense"译为“无稽之谈”要好一些。难点2：短语"take up"的意思是“接受并开始做/从事某事”。意思是这些广播电台听信了这样的说法就会如何如何。难点3："the lay press"中的"lay"是难点，不是我们熟知的“放置、铺设”等的意思。"lay"在这里做形容词，表示“非专业的，外行的”，所以"layman"这个词表示“门外汉”。这里的"the lay press"指的是非专业媒体，大概就是那种野鸡媒体。难点4："short-lived"可根据其本身和上下文来猜测其大概含义。"short"表示短，"lived"表示活着，所以"short-lived"大概意思是“短命的”，在这里引申为“短暂的，为期不长的”。47）nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.参考译文：现如今，任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量，是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。难点1：处理这句话中的比较结构。通读句子，我们大概得到的信息是“A是B的两倍”，只是如何把这句话翻的通顺是需要思考的。难点2："would otherwise have been"是后半句的难点，"otherwise"字面意思是“否则”，但如果润色到位可以不用翻译出来。但"would have done"这种特殊的谓语形式，其实很多同学会觉得比较难。这个结构表示“合理推测”，在虚拟语气中经常出现，比如"I would have been a programmer but end up being an English teacher."(我本可以成为一名程序员，结果却当了英语老师)。在这句话中，用"would have been"表示如果是十年前，本可以怎么样怎样。48）Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's published papers.参考译文：人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势，比如除发表数量外，在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。难点1：被动语态"have been made"如何处理。我在翻译课反复强调被动语态的处理方法，主要手段有将“被”字转译为其它汉子或将被动语态转为主动语态亦或者总体换一个说法。考生在考场上需要做的是用这几种方法去尝试，合理通顺即可。这一句的"Attempts have been made to …"可译为“人们已经尝试…”。难点2："as well as"。很多人以为这是“而且”的意思，可以代替"and"，但这只是它的其中一种用法。我记得我在某课中讲解过"as well as"的另一种用法——表示“除…之外还有…”，在句子中充当定语。在48题中，如果我们将"as well as"理解为第一种情况，"some measure of quality as well as quantity"的意思是“某种质量和数量的衡量标准”。好像没太明白是什么意思，对不对？上下文告诉我们，因为只看论文数量导致大家拼命写论文而导致质量下降，所以我们已经采取了一些搜段来改变这种状况，那不就是应该在数量之外引入新的衡量标准，比如论文质量。所以"as well as"在这里符合第二种情况，表示“除…之外还有…”。考生在考场上需要迅速做出这样的判断，难度比较大，所以杨老师认为这0.5分很多考生拿不到。难点3："an applicant's published papers"。这个语言点考得很细，考查过去分词的语义。过去分词可以表“完成”或“被动”，考生需要根据语境判断。这里所说的“申请者的论文”指什么？第47句告诉我们申请者需要在申请之前发表一定数量的论文。根据这一点，我们可以断定"published"在这里表示完成，那么"an applicant's published papers"指“申请者已经发表的论文”。49）This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.参考译文：这种做法本应该是合理的，但事实上，科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章，或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。难点1：如何翻译虚拟语气（非真实条件句）？简单的诸如"If I were you, I would buy the car"（如果我是你，我会买这辆车。）很好处理。但49这一题比较复杂，其核心结构是"This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that …"，大致可以翻译为“如果不是因为这样一个事实，这会是合理的”。不过，因为“事实”对应的内容非常长，而且“如果…这会是…”也不太符合汉语表达习惯，所以杨凡达老师将其润色为“这种做法本应该是合理的，但事实上，…”难点2："associates"为多义词，通常做动词表示“联系”，在这里做名词用表示“同事”。难点3："similar favors"。这个短语的字面意思是“相类似的好处”。如果不结合上下文，很难明白这个短语真正想表达什么。前文说“开始引入论文质量衡量体系”，这本是件好事。但所谓道高一尺魔高一丈，研究者会利用机制漏洞继续发表低质量作文，也就是"the fact that …"之后的内容。比如，他们会在新文章中引用自己发表的文章已增加影响因子，或者和同事约定好互相引用，也就对应到原文"get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors"（让同事写论文时引用自己的文章，好处就是自己也去引用对方的文章）。50）If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.参考译文：如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的，并且可以被后人反复利用，我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。难点1：如何翻译"reprocible"？这是一个超纲词，但并不“犯规”。意思是，这个单词由常见词根词缀构成——"re = again + proce = make + ible = be able to"。因此，这个单词的字面含义是“可再生的，可复制的，可繁殖的”，也就是“能够再次生产”。不过我们若将"our science is reprocible"翻译为“我们的科学是可再生/复制/繁殖的”显然不妥。那么，作者到底想表达什么？我们还需要借助上下文。整篇文章说医学界论文质量大幅下降，发表的都是“垃圾”，说明这些论文一文不值，对于社会进步没有任何帮助。而好的论文应该可被利用的，比如利用论文成果开发产品改善生活质量、或者给后续科研提供理论基础等等。所以，我将其翻译为“可被后人反复利用”难点2：超纲词"incentivize"。熟悉的配方，熟悉的味道，这依然是由常见词根词缀构成的单词。"incentive"是考研大纲收入的名词，意思是“鼓励、激励”，而"ize"是常见动词后缀，那么"incentivize"理论上可理解为“鼓励、激励”这个动作，而且这也符合原文语境。总结：英语一英译汉板块依然是整张试卷最难的板块，但在这部分上拿到不错分数也并非不可能。我们需要的是方法和态度。方法指的是了解英译汉命题规律和考点，比如一直重点考查的多义词、派生词和固定用法，以及今年首次考查的虚拟语气等。那么我们在背单词阶段的态度应该有所转变。比如，我们需要积累常见词根、词缀以便结合上下文猜测出超纲词的含义，我们还需要积累常见单词的生僻含义以及单词组合起来构成的固定用法（成语）。而且我们在做这些训练的同时，提升的绝对不只是英译汉能力，同时提高的还有阅读理解能力和写作能力。英语二 翻译It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.参考译文：英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书，我只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易，做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法，他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利，这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢，但他带个世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样，他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历，但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易，在文学界的成就也不例外。【详细解析】和2018年真题类似，这一年翻译文章是对知名人物的介绍，文字难度低，通俗易懂，难度基本与2018持平。英语二翻译总体难度比英语一低，但每年得分率也不超过60%，这是因为字里行间中有一些细小的单词、短语、结构较难理解或润色，而这些点是阅卷者阅卷时的重点关注对象，也是得分或扣分的关键。从2010-2019这十年翻译真题，我们不断得出一个结论：重视英语基本功。这指的是对英语单词在特定语境中的理解、掌握常见的固定用法、以及了解英语和汉语在表达时的区别等等。英语二翻译价值15分，不容小觑，希望2020考研考生认真对待。1. It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.这句话中包含的句型"It is easy to do something"通常译为“做某事很简单”，所以这句可直译为“低谷英国作家"James Herriot"很简单”。但这不够通顺，所以我们要对其润色，比如“英国作家"James Herriot"很容易被低估”，这就好比我们会把"It is easy to learn English"译为“英语很容易学”的原理是一样的。另外"James Herriot"这个名字可以不译，也可以根据读音译为詹姆斯哈里亚特（请参考007"James Bond"的译名）。尽管这个作家在国内早已约定翻译为吉米哈利，但译为“詹姆斯哈里亚特”不扣分。2. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.前半句直译成“他有如此的令人愉悦的、可读的风格”显然不妥。首先，我们在这里讨论他的作品风格，而不是他本人性格，所以"pleasant, readable"描述他的作品而非作者，因此我们可以将pleasant润色为“讨喜”，并将"readable"译为“通俗易懂”。3. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven't the time.”词句包含直接引语，这部分独立不可分割，我们可以先译出来——我可以写书，我只是没有时间。前半句的意思是多次听人们说这样一句话，所以整句话可译为：我听过多少次人们说“我可以写书，我只是没有时间”。也可以先翻译直接引语，再总结式地翻译前半句：“我可以写书，只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。4. Easily said. Not so easily done.省略句，源自成句"easily said than done"(说起来比做起来容易)，原句为"It is easily said. It is not so easily done." 因为在这篇文章中，原本的成语一分为二，翻译时也可以如此断句——说起来容易，但做起来没那么简单。5. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”这句话包含两个插入成分。首先是"contrary to popular opinion"（与大众观点相反的是），这是一个句子状语，通常放在句首，偶尔像这句话一样，放在主语和谓语之间。在翻译的时候，放在句首符合汉语表达习惯。后面的"as he put it"（就像他所说的）是一个状语从句，但插入在of和后面的直接引语之间，造句理解困难。将这个成分剥离，我们可以看到剩下部分in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”其实是一个时间状语，修饰主干成分。在翻译"as he put it"时，要考虑放在整句话哪个位置。放在原句那个位置显然不妥；其实我们根据汉语的语感，这种表达要么放句首起引领作用，要么放句尾起总结作用，但句首已经有了“与大众观点相反的是”，所以两者都放句首造成冲突。那么我们考虑将"as he put it"放句尾，但这样一来无论怎么润色都不通顺，所以我们考虑将它放句首并将"contrary to popular opinion"从而润色为“这与大众观点相反”。如此一来，整句话就通顺了。6. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.连词"while"放置于句首，多半情况下表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。从句中"natural talent"字面含义为“自然的才能”，也就是“天赋”的意思。另外，"an abundance of"的字面意思是“丰富的，大量的”，但搭配“天赋”不够通顺。冷静下来想一想，所谓的“丰富大量的天赋”不就是“才华横溢”嘛。主干部分都主语说的是他的作品。"Polished"一词原本指“经过打磨的”，但修饰作品时则表示“精彩的”。7. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.连词"but"之前的句子不太好润色。"Many disappointments and rejections"直译的结果是“多次失望和拒绝”。我们需要结合文章背景来做进一步理解：这位作家并非年少成名，而偏向大器晚成。那么一个这样的作家在早期必然经历很多挫折，比如像J.K.罗琳那样写的很多稿件被出版社拒之门外，从而无比失望了，这不就对应到"many disappointments和rejections"嘛。那么我们可以将这部分润色为“他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿/稿件被拒的失望经历”8. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.前半句考查固定用法"earn … the hard way"，意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法，但根据"the hard way"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"X be no exception"，意思是“X也不例外”，这个短语在阅读真题中出现过，做过相应文章的同学应该不陌生，可以轻松翻译出来。最后，祝大家圣诞节快乐。

Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决，但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑，麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等，已获得和政府接触的机会。The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his ties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”，或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会，除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力，否则那不成为腐败。最高法官如是裁决。The court did suggest that accepting favorsin return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”法院明确表示接受馈赠从而为其打开方便之门的确令人反感和恶心，但是在根据反贿赂法，证据证明必须得有确凿的利益，比如批准一个合同或规定，才构成受贿。仅仅安排会面，打个电话，主持一项活动不能算公务行为。The court’s rulingis legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compactunderlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”法庭的裁决在法律上合理的界定一种非犯罪的偏好，民选领袖必须允许帮助资助者解决官僚作风的问题，不用担心面临贿赂的指控，首席大法官JR说，代议制政府之下的基本契约是公共官员能够听从选民关切的事情并出谋划策。But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed toplay favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an indivial or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.但是判决强调市民和选民代表的要求，而不是法院的要求，确保对政府通道的平等性。官员不能因为个人或组织提供了竞选资金或个人馈赠就厚此薄彼，提供信息、安排见面等，这种形式的诚信需要政府严格执行透明政策，比如官方会议录音，游说规定，和民选领袖财富来源信息。Favoritism in official access canfan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each indivial.偏袒会煽动民众对腐败的理解，但是它不是总是腐败，相反，公务员需要避免“双标”，即对普通人和富人采取不同的标准，如果关系可以买来，民主社会的前提——所有人都被政府平等对待——就被破坏了。好的政府依赖于一个个个体的内在价值。The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.法院裁决是对腐败和公务偏袒斗争的一个进步。36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court划线句子表明法院[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s ties.避免给麦克的职责定范围[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.在麦克的定罪上没有妥协[C] was contemptuousof McDonnell’s conct.对麦克的行径表示蔑视[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.拒绝对麦克的行径评论37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves根据第四段 ，公务行为只有涉及（）才被认为腐败[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.提供具体的汇报给送礼者[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.可观的礼物收益 [C] leaking secrets intentionally.主动泄露秘密 [D] breaking contracts officially.公务上的违约 38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are法院裁决基于公务人员的（）假设[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.允许把重点放在支持者关心的事情上[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.有能力独自解决政府事情[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.有正当理由满足选民的要求[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.对于偏袒的指控免除定罪 39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to在政府透明度方面，需要强有力的法律来保证[A] awaken the conscienceof officials.唤醒公务人民的道德心 [B] guarantee fair play in official access.保证官方接待的公平 [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.允许某种程度的游说 [D] inspire hopes in average people.激发普通人的希望 40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is作者对法院裁决的态度是[A] sarcastic.讽刺[B] tolerant.容忍 [C] skeptical.怀疑 [D] supportive.支持答案：CCCBD

In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse配偶is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also amatchmaker媒人. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto否决权the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.在柬埔寨，对于年轻男性来说，选择配偶是一个难题。这不仅会涉及到他的父母和他的朋友，以及涉及到年轻女性的父母和朋友，还会涉及到媒人。一个年轻男子可以自行决定一个差不多的配偶。然后可以寻求他的父母来安排婚姻的协商问题。或者这个年轻男子的父母直接选择孩子的配偶，不给这个孩子选择的机会。理论上，女孩儿有对父母给他选择伴侣的拒绝的权力，当配偶选择之后，每个家庭都调查对方家庭，以便确保他们的孩子嫁到了一个好的家庭里面。1. A. by way of经由，经过B. with regard to关于 C. on behalf of D. as well as以及答案：D 。句中有not only but also，根据首句知道“男性择偶很复杂”，不仅涉及男方亲友、女方亲友，还涉及到媒人，显然空格填写并列关系短语；B选项“关于”多用于对某事物的说明，a conutry’s law with regard to human rights；A选项误认为“男方亲友经由女方亲友向女方提亲”。2. A. decide on B. provide for 供养 C. compete with与…竞争 D. adapt to适应答案：A 。后文有父母“take the choice of”，可知前面必然是孩子自身可以“decide on”，文中“or”这个词要注意，是解决本题关键3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone答案：B 。根据句意，男性自主选择对象之后就会让父母提亲，arrange合适。4. A. In theory B. Above all 最重要的是C. In time最终；及时 D. For example答案：A 。根据句中父母giving the child little to say in the selection暗含父母包办婚姻，可知女孩选择配偶的自由只能在理论上成立。above all是递进关系，而此句前后是并列关系。5. A. Unless B. Lest以免 C. After D. Although答案：C 。配偶选定，双方家庭调查背景，unless表条件，lest表目的，although表让步，after表顺承关系6. A. into B. within C. from D. through 答案：A 。marry into嫁入一个….家庭，固定搭配，through不能与marry搭配The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerlyit lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhistpriests offer a short sermon布道 and __8__ prayers祷告of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual仪式 hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.传统婚礼是又长又有趣味的大事，以前持续三天，自从20世纪80年代，婚礼一般持续一天半。佛教僧侣进行简短的布道，并且吟诵主祷词。仪式包括剪发仪式，把在水中浸泡过的棉线缠绕在新娘和新郎的手腕上，那些婚姻幸福又受人尊敬的夫妇绕城一圈将一个蜡烛依次传递以祝福新婚夫妇。新婚夫妇在传统上要搬到妻子的父母家居住最多长达一年，直到他们能在附近建造自己的新房子。7. A. or B. since C. but D. so答案：C 。由Formerlyit lasted three days, __7__1980s it lasted a day and a half. 可以知道前后对比关系，所以用but表对比；since自从，与by 语义重复 8. A. test B. copy C. recite 吟诵 D. create答案：C 。and表连接，前面是offer a short sermon，后面的祝祷词自然就是吟诵祝祷词。 9. A. folding 折叠 B. piling 堆放 C. wrapping 打包 D. tying答案：D 。D选项是系，绑的意思，原句是将棉线缠绕在新郎新娘手腕上，表示永结连理的意思，所以用tie——tying的形式。10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving答案：A 。这个很容易选择B，但是文中说一根蜡烛祝福新人，而且词组Pass sth around，light ….around搭配不合理11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union答案：D 。A选项是“联盟”，强调机构团体，B选项相遇、遇见、会面，C选项“聚集”，只有D是联姻、联合12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live答案：D 。live with搭配，与….生活在一起，grow with是伴随…一起成长，part with不情愿的放弃某物，deal with对付、对待，只有D选项合适13. A. whereas 然而，但是 B. until C. for D. if答案：B 。根据上下文，搬进妻子父母的家，住一年，后面盖一个房子，则两者之间存在时间条件关系，只有Until既表示时间又表示条件。A选项表示转折，C选项表因果，D选项表示条件Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.离婚是合法的而且很容易实现，但是并不常见，离婚的人不被认同，夫妻之间保持自己带进婚姻的任何财产，共同财产平均分配，离婚的人可以再婚，但是性别歧视会显现出来：离婚的男性不用有等待期，而离婚的女性必须等待十个月才能再婚。14. A. avoid B. follow效仿C. challenge D. obtain实现答案：D 。前面是合法，后面有but转折，所以14应该与合法并列，即容易得到、实现；follow有理解、领会的含义，但和disapproval矛盾，排除15. A. isolated 孤立，区别看待 B. persuaded C. viewed 看待 D. exposed暴露答案：C 。viewed with词组“以….的目光看待”，A选项和from搭配，isolate sb from sb/sth，exposed与to搭配，不与with搭配16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however答案：B 。句子是宾从，只有whatever能引导宾从，D选项引导方式状语，C选项引导时间状语，A选项引导地点状语17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed答案：B 。根据常识，离婚后财产分割包括婚前各人财产和婚后共同财产，只有bring …. into，即婚前夫妻各自带来的财产18. A. invested 投资B. divided C. donated捐献 D. withdrawn取出答案：B 。这句是说婚后共同财产处置，按照常识也是平分，更何况还有个equally，只有B分割更为符合题意19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks答案：C 。介绍离婚人士再婚，冒号后面的句子是对男女离婚后的不同对待，也就说明男女存在性别偏见，离婚后偏见会“显露”出来，show up也是词组显露，而clear up是清晰起来，warm up活跃起来，break up终结，都不符合题意20. A. while 然而 B. so that C. once D. in that因为答案：A 。表示前后对比，while表示转折，符合题意。

1, We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.1，我们不必学习如何保持心理健康，它植入在我们身上，就像我们的身体知道如何治愈伤口或修复骨折一样。2, Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.2，我们的心理健康不会去任何地方；像云后面的太阳一样，它可以暂时隐藏起来，但它完全能够瞬间恢复。3, Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.3，心理健康让我们能够待遭遇困难之人以同情，待痛苦之人以善意，无论是谁，都以无条件的爱待之。4, Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.4，尽管心理健康是治愈我们生活的良药，它让我们平凡的生活变得完美，正如你所见，它一直在指引你度过所有艰难的决定。5, As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.5，正如你将明白，知道心理健康是永远触手可及并值得信任，会让我们放慢脚步，活在当下，过得幸福。

一、考研英语基本情况英语是全国统考的三门公共课之一。考试时间安排在第一天的下午，时长为3个小时，满分100分。考研英语试卷由以下几部分组成：1.完形填空（10分）：共20个空，每空0.5分。这种题每年的平均分不是很高，在多数考生看来有些鸡肋，食之无味又弃之可惜。2.阅读理解（60分）：采用4+1+1的形式，阅读A部分有4篇文章（每篇文章400词左右），每篇文章有5道题目，每题2分，共40分；阅读B部分又叫新题型（500词左右），有几种题型供选择，比如句子匹配题和段落匹配题以及小标题题型等；阅读C部分（10分）就是我们熟知的英译汉。4.写作分为A部分和B部分（25分）：其中A部分人称应用文或者小作文（约100词，满分10分）；B部分人称大作文（200词上下，满分15分）通常是图画作文，英语二通常是图表作文。二、考研英语复习计划1.基础复习阶段（3月到6月）这个阶段是英语复习的重点阶段，关键词是夯实基础。就是在于两点：积累大量词汇；掌握语法知识。在这一阶段5500个考研单词至少要背个两三遍才行。基础较好的同学可视情况调整。至于要怎么背单词，个人觉得单词书和单词软件都可以，只要你觉得适合自己就好。而长难句的理解，不仅取决于词汇量，语法同样至关重要。只用一本专门的语法书去看，不仅枯燥乏味，而且再看到长难句还是分析不了。因此，此阶段语法的复习主要是：先结合语法书，掌握所有核心语法知识；再结合具体句子分析，将理论与实践结合起来，扫清长难句分析的障碍。对于基础知识也可以在真题中进行语境记忆。真题中的生词和长难句是比较多的，而且都是非常值得记忆。另外在真题语境中记单词会记得非常牢固，因为这是理解性的记忆。2.巩固复习阶段（7月到9月）这一阶段正值暑假，时间比较充分，可谓是复习备考的黄金时期。这一阶段的英语复习需要注重对具体题型的专门训练。完形填空：完形填空主要考察词汇和词组，针对不同词性，要掌握不同的做题技巧，例如，动词类填空，要注意与动词搭配的主语、宾语和副词，根据上下文选择最佳答案。多积累固定搭配的词组，这对于提高完形填空的正确率也大有帮助。阅读理解：可以根据文章题材的不同进行练习，经济类、社会生活类、文化交流类等，大家要熟悉各类型文章的特点。还可以根据出题方式进行分类练习，主旨大意类、具体信息类、推断类、态度类等。大家针对不同类型的题进行联系的时候，要注意总结其内在规律，这对于归纳做题技巧很有帮助。新题型：熟悉新题型的三种类型，即排序题、标题选择题与填空式阅读。大家要掌握各种类型的命题规律及解题思路。翻译：翻译要注意词义的选择与从句的翻译两大方面，词义的选择即一个单词要联系上下文选择最合适语境的那个含义，从句的翻译即对从句所译成的中文进行润色，加工或调整顺序。作文：有条件的同学可以在这个阶段就开始准备，也可以在下阶段进行复习。作文的复习主要是要进行预料的积累和写作方法的掌握，另外还要对范文进行理解。大家还要对大小作文的出题类型进行掌握。作文的复习非常需要作文书，大家就准备一本好一些的作文书，这对于写作复习的好处很多。3.强化与冲刺阶段（10月到12月）此阶段是英语复习的强化与冲刺阶段。首先就是要进行真题的练习，在不断做题的过程中，对相关知识进行查漏补缺。对于自己不熟悉的词汇和长难句，继续进行学习。对于自己不熟练的题型，继续加强训练，总结做题技巧。这个时候作文的复习也很关键。这个时候要对作文进行练习，练习完之后一定要找人进行评阅，这个很关键。只有这样才能知道自己写作不足的地方。此阶段仍在练习真题，但是侧重点不再是逐句研读真题，而在于做题的技巧与方法，以及写作的句式与语言表达方面。每天的真题复习时间为2.5小时。临考阶段——12月至临考前临考阶段除了坚持词汇的记忆与试题的练习外，可以多翻阅之前做过的真题，做到心中有数即可。此外，调整心态，从容对待，以一颗平常心去应考！