2012考研英语一

2021考研英语初试已经于12月26日下午14点到17点结束，文都考研考后为大家整理了2021考研英语初试真题及答案解析，方便考研人在考研结束之后核对估分以及2022考研人了解考情，下面一起来看下2021考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版。2021考研英语一真题及答案解析（完整版）以上就是“2021考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)”的相关内容，文都考研会在考后带来更多2021考研初试真题及答案解析，考研人持续关注。

考研就像上战场，没有一件适合自己的兵器怎么行呢？但是市面上的参考书太多了，尤其英语这种老大难的公共课，到底什么样的书才是适合自己的？下面就来给大家列出，考研英语真题排行榜，帮你找到适合自己的参考书~TOP6《考研英语真题100篇》1这本书的内容讲解很丰富，100篇中的前50篇都是一字一句地讲解，而且所有的句子都有句子图解。2书中文章讲解的间隙有单词注释，本意是方便同学们理解文章，但是字号有点小了，看起来比较费功夫。3各个题型也没有特别系统的解题方法，仅对试题选项进行了分析，讲解稍稍有些繁琐。4真题不是很全，仅挑了100篇作讲解，考研肯定是要把真题都过一遍的，所以这本显得有点鸡肋。TOP5《真题真练》1全真考场排版，字号，字边距，页面布局都是严格按照考试要求来的，还配备了答题卡。虽然很多书也说自己是仿真排版，但考过就会发现，多少有些出入，这个就完全不会。2价格便宜。四十多块钱，真的太便宜了！3答案讲解也很详细，每道题都有详细的选项分析，告诉你选什么，为什么，讲的还是很有条理的，很易懂的。4文章没有讲解，只有译文。这个书主要是为了刷题，所以文章讲解方面比较粗糙，如果想要认真梳理文章，积累语法和单词就不太够用了。5单色印刷，看起来不是很清晰。TOP4《考研英语（一）真题超精读》1书中对真题文章的每一句都进行了解析，对必考词汇进行了注释。但句子讲解不是特别详细，语法讲解较简单，且均为文字讲解，稍显枯燥。2试题讲解比较详细，可以不断修正自己的做题思路。3双色印刷，中英对照双栏排版，清晰好查。4句子是文字讲解，稍显枯燥，看起来不够直观。5解题技巧中规中矩，没啥亮点。6试题里有一些小的印刷错误，比如“breed”写成“bred”，不过没啥大影响。TOP3《考研大趋势(历年英语真题细解与复习指导》1同样是讲解真题，这本亮点是标注了真题文章来源，能帮我们全面了解真题选材的背景。2书里配有和词汇相关的“考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲”视频，也是免费的。帮助同学们梳理词汇，巩固记忆。3采用双色印刷，清晰直观。4相比于其他书籍，单词注释较简单，仅注释了单词词义和用法；句子只挑重难点的长句分析。5试题解析比较简单，更适合有一定基础的学生。TOP2《历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路》（黄皮书）1这本书的亮点是书里的“语篇分析和总结”版块，对文章的行文思路和句子间的逻辑关系讲得很详细深入，如果大家仔细研究的话对我们把握解题的关键点很有帮助。2.全书双色印刷，排版比较清晰。3对真题文章中的重点词汇集中做了注释（包括词义和经典搭配），方便直接积累单词。4句子讲解是挑选了文章中一些较复杂的长难句进行详细解析。讲解比较简洁直观，适合英语有一定的基础且理解这力较好的同学用，基础不好的人接受起来比较困难（曾经的我不愿意接受自己基础不好的人设，所以被虐了一遭）。5语篇分析虽是亮点，但是使用效果因人而异。在完全理解文章的前提下，我们能很快识别各个试题的命题陷阱，掌握解题的重点。不能完全理解文章的话，可能会干扰到你现有的解题习惯。TOP1《考研真相》1讲解详细！！！最详细！前面提到的书要么只精细的分析长难句，要么分析每个句子，但用的方法是文字讲解。只有这本做了结合，对最新20年真题文章的每一句都进行了比较全面详细的图解分析，一层层分析句子的主干和修饰成分。2对每个句子中出现的重点词汇也进行了详细注释（包括词性、词义、熟词僻义、词根词缀、例句等）。而且一大亮点是，它还标注了单词的重要程度，方便大家在复习的时候有侧重点的掌握。3它的解题方法比较系统，提出了一套完整的解题思路，路径一从题干出发，回原文找答案；路径二从选项出发，回文定位排除干扰项。所有题目都能用这两个方法搞定，简单粗暴，但是有效。4配有同步的名师视频课程讲解和真题录音。报辅导班什么的都比较贵，但这个配套讲解视频是完全免费的，基础不好、看不懂书的童鞋可以配合视频来消化知识点，学习效果会更好。每本书各有特点，适合不同人群，不同复习阶段使用，大家只需要根据自己的情况，选择适合自己的就好。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

考研英语复习资料用什么？其实挺能理解你的感觉的，我是19考研的，去年光挑考研英语复习资料就花了半个多月。现在各种学长学姐名师推荐的资料实在太多了，我当时真的是每一本都很动心，每一本都想买。但想起以前高考买了很多资料，但根本没时间做，都考完了还有很多书放那儿积灰，相当于没打开过。考研英语复习资料买书时我就吸取了教训，不过考完之后统计了一下，还是有几本书没来得及用上。反正结合以上零零总总的经验吧，我总结了选书的两个原则，管你是啥学科、考啥，这俩原则都是可以通用的。讲完原则再给你放我的考研英语复习资料。原则1：不要贪多，同一类型的书不要买两本同一类型的书，里面的东西都差不多。比如两本考研英语单词书，里面收录的不都是大纲词汇？它敢给你加一个减一个？编书的人不会给自己找事的。最多只能在排版、花色上做做文章。再比如两本数学真题，那可都是考过的题啊，肯定是完全一样的。做题思路也是差不多的。除非你想做两遍题，而且做第二遍时，不希望有第一遍做的答案在旁边干扰。原则2：要选择适合自己水平的书有的书讲基础，有的书讲拔高，虽然内容不同，但你能说哪本书不好吗？只是针对的人不一样而已。基础好的考研党，如果拿到了补基础的书，一定会嫌它鸡肋；基础不好的考研党，看到了拔高的书，一定会吐槽不知道这本书在说什么，然后将它丢到一边。选择适合的书就像选择趁手的兵器，刀枪剑都能上战场，就看你哪把用着顺手。把我的书单放出来，你可以参考下，都是选的知名度高的，可以直接copy。一、政治1、视频：徐涛（配套：核心考案）2、日常练习：《命题人精讲精练》《命题人1000题》3、考前背诵：《风中劲草》4、考前押题：肖四、肖八、徐涛小黄书（考前必背20题）【复习要点】1、不要相信政治可以九月十月再开始的鬼话，暑假就可以开始听视频做练习了。知识点都理解后，九月十月背题也轻松些，有脉络。2、视频一定得看，书上基本上是纯概念，听视频还能给你举例子。而且政治很枯燥，你自己看书不一定看得下去。3、暑假练习时把《1000题》和《精讲精练》做完就行了，政治不用追求做题多。但是你错的那些小题知识点一定要背过。4、九月十月可以背《风中劲草》。5、我很喜欢徐涛的课，所以大题按他的小黄书背的，小题背的肖四肖八。但你也不要啥都不复习，就等着最后押题呢。自己还是要有点儿真本事的。二、英语1、单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》2、真题：《考研真相》（英一）【复习要点】1、单词和真题是必备的，最多再加个模拟题，没必要去买那种单项题型大全。除非你大二或者大三上学期就开始复习，还没到复习真题的时候，可以拿单独的题型练练手。或者你直接拿它替代模拟题，但千万别忘了，真题才是最重要的。2、单词书随便买，正要是正规出版社的都可以，但一定要买书，不要用手机背，你自制力真的没你想的那么强大。3、这本真题书还是相当推荐的，尤其是对基础弱的人。《考研真相》也是个老牌子，关键还是有针对性，我底子差，就很容易被它“逐词逐句讲解”的特点吸引。客观评论下，逐句是真的，每个句子都有一丝和语法讲解，长难句还有图解，确实是我目前能找到的答案最详细的资料了。当然，也有缺点，没有像黄皮书那样，把作者的解题思路剖析得很明确。但对我这种基础弱的，能啃下这本就已经很不错了。英语二就用《考研圣经》。4、对了，还有作文。作文不一定要买专项训练。一是把历年真题里的范文都过一遍，开头结尾该背的都背下来，会写个框架；二是等到10月份，很多机构会出作文押题，背一些素材，能让你往框架里填内容。这两点做好了，作文也不是啥大事。关于考研英语复习资料，我选书的经验和自用书单就这么多了，希望能帮到你吧。

考研英语一真题及答案【完型填空】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up关于2020考研英语一完型填空的真题及答案就分享到这里啦。回过头来看，考研是一场孤独的战斗，可能这一年都是自己一个去图书馆，一个人去食堂，一个人回宿舍……虽然过程很辛苦，但你全心全意为自己拼的样子真的很棒，不负梦想，不负自己，加油！现在2021考研的小伙伴也开始准备了，作为考研过来人，学姐给你分享一些考研英语专用书单。单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》，里面单词很全，还有重点，按考频划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词，你可以根据自己的情况记，先背频考词，再背基础词和其它词，记起来很省时间。真题书：英一真题推荐《考研真相》，英二真题推荐《考研圣经》，里面真题都是逐句图示分析，重点单词和句子语法都有分析，很适合英语基础弱的考研er用，完全不用担心看不懂真题~~作文书：英语一《写作160篇》英语二《写作宝中宝》，你要是英语底子比较弱，不会写作文的话，真的建议你用这个。从常用的词汇、句型、模板都给你总结了，不会写那就直接背！再用思路定律和句式方法，让你从会写作文到会写高分作文。

考研英语真题的重要性所有的同学都知道，真题需要反复看，那么到底要看到什么程度呢？建议研友们以下面几点为真题训练的目标。一、词汇都认识基础一般的同学，最低要求需要搞定最新十年真题阅读理解A节共40篇文章中每一个词汇;基础较好的同学可以搞定1997年至今历年真题中每一个词汇。考研词汇需要掌握的核心意思即真题中考过的意思。如果一个词汇多年未曾考过，只能证明这个词汇不太重要。大纲词汇只考过3300左右，2200个大纲词汇几乎从来不考。超纲词大约200左右，一般无需记忆，可能会有文字注释。但过去19年考研英语曾经考察过2000多个大纲中没有的词汇，其实并不超纲，只是大纲词汇的不同词性，或大纲词汇加上大纲附录中62个前缀和54个后缀之后形成的新的词汇。盲目记忆词汇书并不能一网打尽考研词汇。结合历年真题搞定考研词汇，才是词汇记忆的最佳方法。不喜欢背诵词汇书的同学，可以直接从真题入手，每篇文章查出所有不认识的词汇、结合精准译文标明真题中考察的意思，然后有针对性地进行背诵，这才是记忆考研词汇的最好方法，也是适合自己最好的词汇书。二、选项都清楚基础一般的同学搞定最新十年真题阅读A节和B节中的每个选项，基础较好的同学搞定1997年之后至今历年真题含完形填空中的每个选项。考研英语复习关键在精不在多、在质不在量!搞懂每个正确选项为何正确?每个错误选项为何错误?甚至每个选项在文中是否有出处，来自于文章第几段、第几句?做错的题目用红笔进行标记，考前一个月无需盲目做题，而应再次总结一年来做错的所有真题，研究自己的弱点，考场针对性地进行避免。三、句子结构都理解基础一般的同学搞定最新十一年真题阅读A节中的每个句子，基础较好的同学搞定1997年之后至今历年真题中的每个句子。最新大纲解析明确提出：考研英语难在句子结构，即长难句。只要彻底搞定考研英语历年真题中的长难句，上了考场无非就是这些句子结构重新的排列组合而已，看懂做对自然轻而易举。四、英译汉:阅读经典文章题最笨的方法往往是最好的方法，英译汉是提高阅读和翻译最好的方法之一。很多同学感觉文章似乎均可读懂，但题目一做就错，原因是没有真正读懂。将文章落在笔上，包括题干和每个选项逐字逐句翻译成汉语，这才是真正读懂。译完之后，对照书中的精准译文，深究阅读弱点。译错的地方即为弱点，一般出现在两个方面：一词多义即词汇弱点，句子结构即语法弱点。逐一解决之后，阅读实力自然提高，高分手到擒来。英译汉虽然比较花费时间，但真正提高英语实力。基础薄弱的同学刚开始可能无法进行英译汉，水平逐渐提高之后，后期可以操作。五、背诵经典文章长短句背诵是提高英语实力和考研分数最好的方法之一。即使花费八个小时背下一篇阅读文章，你就掌握了400个词汇、上百个词组、几十个句型，英语实力提高了，语感培养起来了，自然斩获高分。解决了词汇、语法、句子结构、篇章结构的问题，可谓一举多得。可以每年背诵一篇自己觉得最难的文章或错误最多的文章，或经济、新闻、英美文学、自然科学等每类考研常考文章中背诵一篇自己觉得最难的，对于提高英语实力堪称见效神速。背诵文章确实困难的同学，可尝试每篇文章背诵一个最长最难的句子，假设半小时背下一个长难句，掌握了30个词汇、5个词组、3个句型，而且有上下文，记忆相当深刻。六、推荐参考教材1、《2018考研英语真题超精读（全3册）》2、陈正康2018考研英语真题超精读(提高篇) 2005-2012年考研英语真题解析3、《2018考研英语真题词汇分频速记宝典》大家都喜欢刷真题，这样能够更方便掌握熟悉题型和方向，以上是小编整理的如何正确刷真题的技巧，不知道大家都get到了吗？还有其他指点或意见欢迎在下方留言讨论哦

来源MR产老师2013Text41、核心词1.vote[vot]v.投票,表决n.投票,表决n.选票,选票数2.supreme[sprim]adj.最高的,至上的adj.最优的,卓越的adj.极度的,最重要的3.policy[pɑlsi]n.政策,方针4.administration[dmnstre()n]n.管理,经营n.政府,行政(机关)5.constitution [kɑnsttu()n]n.构成,构造n.体格,体质n.宪法,法规,章程6.upset[pset]v.使心烦意乱,使苦恼v.打乱,搅乱v.弄翻,打翻7.balance[blns]v.(使)平衡n.天平,秤(c)n.平衡,均衡(u)n.差额,结余,余款(c)8.federal [fed()rl]adj.联邦的9.majority[mdrti]n.多数,大多数;半数以上n.票数差距,多得的票数n.法定年龄;成年10.controversial [kɑntrvr()l]adj.引起争论的,有争议的11.enforce[nfrs]vt.(on,upon)强迫,强加vt.实施,使生效vt.加强,坚持12.precede[prsid]vt.在(…之)前,先于13.parallel [perlel]n.平行线,平行面n.相似物,相似处n.显示相似处的比较,比拟n.纬线,平行圈adj.平行的adj.类似的,相同的14.justice [dsts]n.公平,公正,合理(u)n.审判,司法15.congress [kɑɡrs]n.(代表)大会;(美国等国的)国会,议会16.legal[liɡ()l]adj.法律的,法定的adj.合法的,正当的17.status [stts]n.地位,身份,职业n.情形,状况18.joint[dnt]n.接头,接缝,接合处n.关节adj.共同的,联合的19cooperate[koɑpret]vi.(with)合作,协作20.statute [sttut]n.法令,法规,规则,章程,条例(c)21.objection[bdek()n]n.反对,异议22.executive [ɡzekjtv]adj实行的,执行的,行政的n.总经理,董事,行政负责人23.legitimate[ldtmt]adj.合法的,合理的,正统的24.essence[esns]n.本质,实质;要素25.remarkable[rmɑrkb()l]adj值得注意的,非凡的,卓越的26.claim[klem]n.要求,主张;索赔;权利(c)vt.要求vt.声称;主张vt.索赔27.defeat[dfit]V.战胜,击败n.击败,失败(c/u)28overturn [ovrtrn]v.使某人(某物)翻转,颠倒n.倾覆,破灭,垮台,革命,毁灭29.contest[kntest]n.竞赛,比赛v.争夺,竟争,争论30provision [prv()n]n.供应,提供,给养n.准备,预备n.条款,规定n.粮食,食物v.为提供所需物品(尤指食物)31.fashion [f()n]n.方式,样子32deliberately[dlb()rtli]adv.故意地;谨慎地33intrude[ntrud]v.侵入,打搅,把观点等强加于他人34.verify [verfa]vt.查对,查清35.enforcement [nfrsmnt]n.执行36.conflict[kɑnflkt]n.(尤指长期的)战争,战斗n冲突,抵触vi.冲突,抵触37.robust[robst]adj有活力的;强健的38.assertion[sr()n]n.断言39invalidate[nvldet]v.证明错误,使站不住脚,使无效,使作废40.rightly[ratli]adv.正当地;理由充分地;正确地;恰当地;精确地——————————————————————2、长难句1.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.解析:本句主干为 The Constitutional principles… are noncontroversial. “that Washington alone has the power toestablish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”和“That federal laws precede state laws”是并列的同位语从句解释 principles的内容.译文:宪法规定，只有华盛顿才有权“建立全国统一的旧化条例”；联邦法先于州法，这些原则都是无可争议的.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress' s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.解析:本句主干 The administration was asserting that…引导宾语从句，because引导的原因状语从句嵌套在that引导的宾语从句中，no state should be allowed to do so either是that引导的宾语从句的主干部分.译文:事实上政府声称，因为它不想执行国会的移民意愿，因此也不允许任何州这么做.

2020年考研已经结束有一段时间了，现在同学们谈论最多的事情，同时也是最盼望的事情，就是知道自己的考研成绩。不过今年考研成绩的公布时间是2.10日，所以小伙伴们还要耐心地等上一段时间。昨天一位考完研的读者朋友给我发私信，向我咨询考研英语的问题。她告诉我自己前不久对照着答案估了估分，觉得自己的英语成绩能够考到70分以上，想问问我这个成绩是什么水平，算是高分吗？最近很多考完研的小伙伴，其实都偷偷地对了对答案，估了估分，所以今天我们就一起来探讨一下这一话题。那么考研英语成绩估分在70分以上，究竟算不算高分呢？毫无疑问，考研英语过了70分绝对算是高分，而且至少打败了90%的对手我们首先来看一下2012年到2018年考研英语的平均分数。从这张表中，我们可以清晰地看到，英语一的最高分是53.94分，出现在2017年，最低分出现在2015年，达到了47.21分。从这些数据中我们可以发现，尽管这些年英语一题目的难度在上下浮动，但是平均分总是出现在45~55这个区间里。英语二由于总体难度要低一些，所以平均分数要比英语一高一些。从表格中我们可以看到，英语二的最高平均分出现在2017年，达到了57.37分，最低平均分出现在2016年，达到了51.04分，总体浮动在50~60分的这一区间。这名读者朋友考的是学术型硕士，考研英语考的是英语一，估分能够达到70分以上，确实属于很高的水平。再加上她的主观题目部分在估分时比较保守，最终成绩肯定要比估分高。能够在考研时拿到这个成绩，至少应该是英语六级550分左右的水平。从19年考研英语的难度出发，我们大致可以对20考研英语平均分做出预测在最近三年里，我们可以发现英语一题目的难度是在不断增加的。在2017年的时候，英语一题目的难度系数为0.513，到了2019年达到了0.524。之所以会提高题目的难度系数，最主要的原因是为了应对急速增加的报名人数压力，从而使得分数更有区分度。与此同时，我们也可以发现，随着题目难度的增加，英语一的平均分也出现了递减的情况。和英语一的情况一样，英语二的试卷难度也出现了逐年提高的现象。而且在2018年的时候，命题组大幅度提高了考试难度系数，使得英语二的平均分数直接从17年的57.37分，降低到了55.43分。到了19年的时候，题目难度进一步增加，分数再次下降到52.66分。在今年考研英语科目结束时，就有很多考生提到阅读第一篇就看不懂，作文写跑题的情况。由此可见，今年考研英语题目的难度很可能将会再次提高，这也是为了应对341万报名人数压力的一个重要措施，最根本的目的是为了再次提高区分度。所以20年考研英语的平均分很有可能会再次降低，英语一应该继续保持在45~50分的区间，英语二的平均分存在低于50分的可能性。不过我们只是进行一波预测，具体的成绩还要等到官网来正式发布。你认为考研英语考到70分以上，算不算高分呢？此外，你认为今年的英语平均分会继续降低吗？欢迎与我留言互动！

文都比邻第一时间整理2021年考研英语一真题原文及答案PDF完整版。所有考试结束后，2021考生可进行估分。备战2022年考研的考生们可以参照英语一真题答案，进行模拟考试。以下内容解读来源于文都教育教研组，一起来看2021考研英语一真题答案！以上为最新2021考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版，考研真题原文及答案公布，考生可以及时估分，提前着手准备复试。文都比邻持续更新2021年考研真题原文解析与答案，欢迎考生持续关注~