18考研英语一

过去的两天周末，对于我们只是一个普通的双休日，但是对于2018年的考研学子来说，却是至关重要的两天。这两天是对他们阶段性考试成果的检验，也是决定他们是否能够如愿考上研究生的关键时刻。每年，研究生考试都会有一些比较难的科目，今年也不例外。这不，考研一结束，考生们就开始各种吐槽考试难度大。这次研究生考试究竟有多难呢？我们一起来看看~考研英语一：今年的英语一兴许是真有点难，有考生称自己这次考试就是坐在那里填了两个小时彩票！翻译完全是乱写的，小作文写了两句话就没时间了，大作文自暴自弃抄了阅读题。对于考研英语一，有网友表示：不知道图画作文是啥！阅读完全看不懂，新题型最后临交卷研究了20分钟貌似一个没对，翻译5分钟写完的。这位网友应该是对自己这次成绩很不看好，他坦言：“老子距离考研二战还有364天！”考研数三：除开考研英语一之外，数三也“荣幸”的成为了槽点。有网友说：超过50分算我输好吧，我想知道今年数学和英语国家线哪个高？还有人因为不会做，在考场抄了几小时的试卷。还有的考生表示：今年的数学难出天际，都有思路看过也做不出结果，出来一个女孩哭了我就知道什么样了。不敢说也不敢问，怕哪句话说的不对让人扎心了。从考生的反馈看来，今年的英语一和数三确实是很难啊。不过，不管怎么样，这次考试已经过去了，大家也不要过分纠结考试的结果。接下来的时间该准备毕业论文的准备论文，该着工作的就找工作，明年准备继续备战的也就养精蓄锐，等待明年的大展宏图！不坚持到最后，永远不知道结局会是什么样。一切重新开始，翻身又是一条好汉！2018年考研，你觉得哪一科最难呢？说一说你的想法吧~~

今年考研结束后，许多考研同学都遗憾：完了！我作文写偏题了！我看他们都是写的“选择、创新、态度、坚持不懈”等话题，而我却写的努力奋斗！实际上，英语一的漫画作文的特点就在于其开放性，不像英语二有固定的要求，英语一除了描述图画内容之外，正文内容可以自立角度进行论述。考研英语辅导的何凯文老师专门提到了这一点，希望大家不要过于忧伤（桑），因为作文是没有标准答案的，最多也就是参考范文，连范文都仅仅是“供参考”。何凯文老师解说作文下面这位同学就是比较担忧考研英语一大作文的一类同学，该同学将图画理解为个人奋斗、脚踏实地这一性质的话题，并不断质疑自己：算不算跑题呀？何凯文当即肯定了该同学的写法，因为开放性作文只要紧扣图片且言之有理即可。话又说回来，其实英语作文的打分是很灵活的，并不是一成不变的，这个和判卷老师、卷面整洁度、句式优美度、用词恰当度都有关系，大纲解析里专门强调了句式多变这一关键问题。考研学子担心考研作文对于英语作文模板这个问题，考过研究生的同学应该都心里有数。考研人的英语还停留在阅读阶段，写作能力大家都是半斤八两，别给我说什么临场发挥，也别想着在考场上有奇迹出现。我们的绝招都是准备自己的模板，考研作文确实是反模板，可是考研人也不会那么轻易就让它把模板给反了！大家所用的模板基本上都是从各种文章中精挑细选的精华素材，每个人都是私人定制，所以也大可不必担心。某同学的作文模板以上是某同学的作文模板，和你有相似的吗？此外，大部分的学校在复试的时候会现场考核学生的英语水平，所以在准备复试的时候还需要加强口语的练习，否则哑巴英语可能会使老师改变主意！

考研的报考是最重要的，但是很多同学都不能有效的分析数据，做出最正确的选择，致使自己最后高分还没有办法进复试，有的高分去了一个很不好的学校，那么我们来看看这位同学的情况吧。2018年考研考的是上海财经的金融类专业，总分378，政治81分，英语86分，数学100分，专业课（经济学）111，但是尽然没有进复试，那么我们来看看大家都咋说的吧。一、政治英语这么高，能请教一下吗？希望200多天后我也能考那么高。二、我想说你这个公共课在上海可以这么高 你真的很优秀了，再来一年吧，这么高的分，为啥没过，不可以调剂吗？这个分数报央财希望还是蛮大的，上财分数线一向非常高。三、虽然双非调剂一直被拒，但是分数在那，楼主还是很强的，只能说你适合更好的学校，不去了，让他们后悔去但是分数在那，楼主还是很强的，只能说你适合更好的学校，不去破财了，让他们后悔去。四、比较当然要和同类型的人比，楼主政治英语这么高，肯定是大神啦，专业数学这个分普通人算高，当时和楼主的英语政治完全不搭。五、这么惨的吗，经管类很难调剂？这样的分数调到B区的211也不行吗？我也是考经管类，学长可以多说一下吗？会计学会出现这种情况是不是尤其多？六、不懂你们这些为什么要去挤上财央财北邮这些211学校，有这能力报个中等985都够了，还比较稳。是因为上财么，上海本地就业落户都要方便一点啊(不过性价比是真的不高)，有一些211院校他们的一些专业比985还要厉害，社会也认同。七、我算明白为啥上财高考分数线比大部分985分高了，这是真的难，经济金融比上财强的只有清北复交人。八、他们本科上财的考研都不敢报上财，太难考了。九、双文科的优势把数学的差距弥补了，但专业课和那些大佬的差距还很大啊，二战吧，这个分可惜了。十、要是区经，岂不是妥妥的，才360几的线好像。十一、你是我见过英语一考的最高的了。十二、太可怕太可怕了，我也是考801 和你专业课一模一样的分，其他科都要差很多还好考的西财。十三、我觉得楼主的选择没错，毕竟楼主想的是为了更好的就业，而不是仅仅为了读研究生。上财的会计大家都知道，风险与回报并存，只能说一山更比一山高，除了保研，还有更牛的人考上财。十四、为毛不考个别的专业，英语，政治这么高，换个拿手专业估计得400+吧，文科类考北大都有资格了……，好可惜，再来一年吧，这专业课分太低了，调剂院校大半都得先看专业课。十五、数学低了，今年我们系里面考上财的128，其他都比你还低点。十六、害怕，今年准备考上财经院，顶尖211学渣本来就没什么底气现在看完楼主的分数更没底气了，但是又不想换学校。十七、我们学校也是，初试每年一堆人10里挑1进复试，复试200分专业课有一半80分考不到被刷，大家是不是都被胜利冲昏头了感觉。十八、英语和政治分这么高，总分也很高，为什么不可以调剂，为什么不要呢？十九、英语政治很高耶！ 我朋友英语政治 考的跟你差不多！然后进了南大！ 要不楼主再试试二战冲个名校？好像数学你再提提分，肯定可以去很好的学校的。二十、同学，那你打算二战么？我也是双非学校想考上海那边的学校来着，今年进复试被刷了，再想要不要二战呢？二十一、会计考中南财经政法啊，财经类大学里近三四年的排名只低于上财，会计比上财出名，还比上财好考。那我们一起来分析一下上财的数据吧，首先我们来看看上财的分数线吧，经济学、应用统计、金融类的分数线是350总分单科55分（100分科目），83分（100分科目），所以从这里可以看出来如果你报考的时候只看录取分数线那么你的目标就定为350。这个就是85%的同学走错的第一步。下面我们来看看上财的会计专业进入复试的名单吧，可以看出来最低393分，最高是412分，这样看起来你至少差距是43分的差距，如果你定为393分那么你又错了，这个是剩下的10的同学走错的第二步，因为我们还需要看下面的数据分析。在下面中我们来看看拟录取名单吧，最低是394,395但是如果你要把稳的话你至少应该是399分，只有这样你才算有把稳，到了这一步很多同学才真正明白了考研的目标分数是399而不是350，所以走到这一步的同学只有5%，为什么这么说呢？我们来看看上海财经大学的报录信息吧。你可能会问我录取多少分，其实在这个报录人数面前录取多少人已经不重要了，会计学财务管理511人，会计硕士总共报考人数1631人，所以很多人为什么当炮灰了，就是因为选择院校的时候第一步就走错了，那么如何选择院校的时候才不会选择错呢？一定要有全面的数据分析，很多同学咨询我们一上来就问我们分数线，好一点的会问进复试分数，所以看看这些2000多人都错了，是因为他们自己根本就没有看清楚到底多少分才能上线，如果大家都知道要399我相信这2000人中有1500人不会报考上海财经，就像这位同学一样的。那么你如何的才能选择好自己最适合的目标院校呢?你需要的是每个学校的录取名单、专业的院校排名、每个专业所有的招生学校、研究方向、推免人数、参考图书。那么你要找到这些数据最少没日没夜的30天吧，不过如果你有需要的话点关注我们会陆续更新。希望对你有帮助，我们是百家号知了网伴随，大学生成长的趣味、高效在线学习平台，欢迎关注我们每天的原创文章，更多的考研、四六级等内容请关注我，点关注不迷路，也欢迎大家私下交流，如若认同请帮忙分享转发。

英语在考研中也是至关重要的，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士包括临床医学、口腔医学、公共卫生、护理、中医、法律(非法学)、法律(法学)、汉语国际教育、建筑学、城市规划必考英语一。工商管理、公共管理、会计、旅游管理、图书情报、工程管理、审计专业考英语二。下面是考研数据帝为大家整理的北京大学2018年全校英语单科十大考生排名。第1名： 报考信息科学技术学院 信息与通信工程专业 94分第2名： 报考信息科学技术学院 信息与通信工程专业 91分第3名： 报考信息科学技术学院 计算机科学与技术专业 88分第4名： 报考法学院 法学专业 86分第5名： 报考信息科学技术学院 计算机科学与技术专业 86分第6名： 报考信息科学技术学院 计算机科学与技术专业 84分第7名： 报考信息科学技术学院 计算机科学与技术专业 81分第8名： 报考信息科学技术学院 计算机科学与技术专业 81分第9名： 报考信息科学技术学院 计算机科学与技术专业 81分第10名： 报考法学院 法学专业 80分

1最好提前看一看考场，这样你明天就找不到考场了，考试也就延期了。请务必打印入场卡，最好是两份。在考试结束之前，不要在准考证上做记号！去年可能有一些学生用这张录取卡来草拟或写下考研的答案，但这并不表示他们今年可以这样做。全国各地，每个考场，每个监考人员都有不同程度的严密性。有些学生在录取卡片上写了字，甚至分数也被取消了！2每次考试前，至少提前半小时到达！必须带潜在考官和身份证！每年，学生迟到，无法进入，很不幸的是，只能参加明年的考试。除了检查室的特殊要求外，还需要准备两支黑色签名笔（0.38/0.75，除非试验室有特殊要求）、两支2B铅笔、橡胶。普通手表、手机、草稿不能带入检查室。3用英语，今天不要做新的问题。重点是研究过去五年的真实问题，特别是关于你为什么做错事的问题。不知道是否有词汇，也没有选择。如果你有时间，你可以按照三小时的时间来测试一组问题，并了解考场的时间分配。4在英语写作中，不要背诵太多的新模型！记住你背诵的示范课文是最重要的。别贪心。无论我的研究生入学考试是写什么书，还是听过什么课程，只要我记住10大10小，写作急救班的学生就会记住5大5小的重点课。背诵真实的问题或预测可以涵盖所有的题目，定期考试，注重提高实力，背诵后可以任意组合、综合。5如果考试-学习研究的组成恰巧被相关样本记忆，可以直接使用，但图片描述或图形描述部分需要根据试题进行扩充，使用最简单的词汇句型。买书或听讲座的人很多，但熟悉他们的人并不多。别再担心同样的事了。如果地基较好或背部较熟悉，可以自由组合。6如果考研的作文没有背诵有关的范文，就没有必要紧张，只要有相关的句子或段落就可以用，即使稍稍偏离这个问题也不是什么大问题。尤其是基础薄弱的学生，最好不要随意发挥太多，可能会充满错误。写出每一个单词，最好都是提前准备好的！7一定要总结你背诵过的模型文本或句型，并总结你的写作框架。一个小作文至少有两个框架：字母和通知，信的第一段可以介绍自己，以表明写作的目的(通常是第一个大纲)。最后一段可以表示感谢，并期待着回信。一篇大的作文也应该总结一下写作的框架。第三章“2019年研究生入学考试英语高分写作”作了详细说明。英语一般有12个句子(1)大作文，10句英语(2)大作文。总结你最常用的写作和句型。最好在考试前模拟一次测验，两篇作文最多一小时。8关于写作格式，根据今年9月15日发布的最新教学大纲和考试分析，无论作文的大小如何，论文都是缩进的（段落和段落之间没有间隙，每段缩进四个字母），它建议考生使用缩进。如果写作基础非常好，那么小的构图也可以以相同的方式使用（段落和段落之间的线，每个段落的第一行都写出来）。但是，如果写作的基础是一般性的，那么评委们更容易判断你的真实语言水平，但这是弄巧成拙的。9英语写作中的字数，小作文一般有100-130个字，大作文一般有160-250个字，英语一般有150-230个字。词不够扣分，词多扣分。根据教育部考试中心公布的《考试分析》，2011年英语（1）论文10分，153字，2009年19分，299字，2011年英语（2）14分，232字。10关于草稿，如果你通常通过时间考试，你可以先写草稿，然后再写。如果你通常不按照时间模型进行测试，考虑清楚后再写，不要有太多的修改。写作1小时，小作文20分钟（选秀10分钟，写作10分钟），大作文40分钟（选秀20分钟，写作20分钟）。在仔细检查草稿后，没有错误，然后抄录。成绩单完成后不要改变，保持卷面整洁！记住写得整齐！把面包卷洗干净！字迹清晰！给你的论文5-6！11英文推荐答案顺序：2点 -2点15小作文，2点15到2点50大作文，2点50到4点，阅读A部分，4点到4点20阅读B部分，4点20到4点40从英文翻译成中文，推荐问题的英文顺序是2：00-2-15，2-15-2-50，2-50-4-00。4-40、4-20、4-20、4-20、4-40。填空4-40-5-00。一般原则：先做大题，简单题型，再做小题，多做难题型。你也可以在写作前读A节，或者做两篇小文章读写，然后再做两篇大文章读写。找到正确的顺序来解决这个问题！对于基础较差的学生，完形填空可以选择所有的答案，通常是2到3分。一些同事每年在北京为研究生入学考试选择答案，并且每年都有分数。12无论是政治课、英语课、数学课还是专业课，都不要害怕试卷的难度，如果试卷简单，就不要掉以轻心。只要你真的努力了，这门课也很难通过；如果努力不够，不管多么简单。去年，数学研究生入学考试极其困难，680000人也是如此；2016-2017年的研究生入学考试非常简单，仍有100多万人无法通过考试。13从12月22日到23日，我们必须保持思想稳定和乐观！最好不要与考场的考生或同学沟通。不要上网回答或阅读分析。互联网上的许多答案和分析错误都不可靠。你自己的感受不一定正确。相信自己！坚持考试！每年，许多学生都对自己感觉良好，但最终因为骄傲失败了。其他学生觉得他们考得并不好，并却通常被录取了！14考试期间，你必须每天吃三顿饭，吃些巧克力补充能量，考试前不要喝很多水。考前一晚你最好不要熬夜。最好在12点前上床睡觉，保持精力旺盛。15每年都有很多学生，通常背很多例句，这才在考试中能够用到。许多学生觉得状态很差，效率很低，希望不大，但坚持下来，都能实现自己的梦想！16高分考研联盟中，会有考研英语（一）和英语（二）真题！17关注高分考研联盟，可以加入高分考研经验社群，在里面有很多高分经验！182020研究生入学考试后，高分考研联盟将继续推出研究生入学考试英语实题和写作分析、研究生入学考试复试高分策略，以及如何真正提高英语听、说、读、写、译能力，欢迎大家继续关注！

这几天对于报考2018年硕士研究生的同学们来说是非常难熬的，特别是对于擦线党而言，可谓是度日如年。因为这几天国家线就要下来了，而国家线的多少往往决定了大部分人未来的人生走向。过了国家线就有望进入复试，就算达不到目标院校的院线，也可以进行调剂的。英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！英语一可能会下降一到三分，擦线党有望调剂！如今34所自划线学校的国家线大都已经下达，从公布的分数线来看，很多学校的国家线略有降低。而小水这几年都参加了研究生考试，根据自身的情况对英语一的难度有个清晰的了解。对比去年的国家线单科线，英语一可能会下降一到三分，擦线党有望调剂！英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！比对去年的英语一，今年的英语比去年要难很多。很多得分在去年国家线单科线附近的擦线党一直惴惴不安。英语一单科线往往决定了他们的命运。众所周知，英语一是很难的，对于非英语专业的人而言，能过每年的国家线就是他们的最高要求了！一区英语一单科线在50~53之间，二区英语一单科线在47~50之间！相比较而言，文学类和金融管理类的英语一单科线最高，一区基本上没有低于50分过。而二区单科线只比一区线低三分，总分比一区线低十分。工科考研考英语一的也是很多的，但是工科单科线很低，有时候甚至低到36分。近三年的英语一难度是逐步递增的趋势，因为小水复习一年又一年，考出来的英语一年比一年低。不是小水在退步，而是英语确实越来越难了。英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！小水考的是文学类学硕研究生，因此对文学类的国家线心里比较有底。初步估计，文学类一区英语一单科线在50~53之间，二区英语一单科线在47~50之间！如果你的单科线刚好就在这个区间内，请做两手准备！如果单科线高于53，那么就好好的准备复试就好，调剂的事情暂且忽略。如果单科线低于47以下，只能说来年再战或者找新工作了。英语一降分，擦线党有望调剂！不过有一些院校还可以进行校内调剂，也有过从学硕调进专硕的先例。这种情况就需要你自己去你报考的目标院校进行了解了。一般这样的内部消息多方面打听还是可以知道的。但是一般情况下，这种情况只是给予人的一种希望罢了。

2021考研英语复习先从背单词开始5500个考研英语大纲词汇务必要熟练掌握背单词是一个长期积累的过程大家要注意在运用中去熟练掌握每日英语单词词汇drip [drip] "v.滴下,漏水 n.滴,水滴,点滴"drive[draiv] "v.开(车);驱;驱动,把(钉,桩)打入 n.驾驶"driver[draiv] n.驾驶员drop[drp] n.滴;落下;微量 v.落下;下降;失落drought[draut] "n.旱灾,干旱"drown [draun] "v.溺死,淹没"drug[drɡ] n.药物;麻醉品;毒品;滞销货 v.下麻药;吸毒drum[drm] n.鼓;圆桶drunk [drk] a.醉酒的;(喻)陶醉的 n.酗酒者，醉汉dry[drai] a.干(旱)的;干渴的;枯燥 vt.使干燥，晒干bious['dju:bjs] a.怀疑的，无把握的;有问题的，靠不住的ck[dk] "n.鸭,鸭肉 v.迅速俯身;快速低头;躲避"e"[dju:, :]" "a.(to)应支付的;(车,船等)预定应到达的"ll[dl] "a.单调的;迟钝的,愚笨的;不锋利的"mb[dm] "a.哑的,无言的"mp[dmp] "v.倾倒,倾卸 n.垃圾场"plicate ['dju:plikt] "n.复制品 v.复写,使加倍 a.复制的,二重的"rable['djurbl] "a.持久的,耐久的"ration[dju'rein] n.持久;期间;持续时间ring['djuri] prep.在…期间sk [dsk] "n.薄暮,黄昏"st[dst] "n.灰尘,尘土 v.拂,掸"ty "['dju:ti, ':-]" "n.义务,责任;职务;税"dwarf[dw:f] n.矮子，侏儒，矮小的动植物 vt.使…矮小dwell"v.住,居留"dwelling['dweli] "n.住宅,寓所"dye[dai] "n.染料 v.染,染色"dynamic [dai'nmik] "a.动力的,电动的;有生气的"dynasty"['dinsti, 'dai-]" "n.王朝,朝代"embark "[em'bɑ:k, im-]" "v.(使)上船(或飞机,汽车等);着手,从事"embarrass [im'brs] "vt.使困窘,使局促不安;阻碍,麻烦"embassy ['embsi] n.大使馆;大使及其随员embed [im'bed] vt.把…嵌(埋、插)入，扎牢;使深留脑中embody [im'bdi] "vt.具体表达,使具体化;包含,收录"embrace [im'breis] v.拥抱;包含;包围;环绕;采用;接受emerge [i'm:d] "vt.显现,浮现;暴露;形成;"emergency [i'm:dnsi] "n.紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻"emigrate ['emiɡreit] "v.(反)immigrate;(to,from)自本国移居他"eminent ['eminnt] a.显赫的;杰出的;有名的;优良的emit [i'mit] vt.发出;放射;吐露;散发;发表;发行emotion [i'mun] "n.情绪,情感,感情"emperor ['empr] n.皇帝emphasis ['emfsis] "n.强调,重点"emphasize ['emfsaiz] v.(emphasise)强调empire ['empai] n.帝国empirical [em'pirikl] "a.凭经验(或观察)的,经验主义的"employ [im'pli] "n./v.雇用;用,使用"employee "[,empli'i:, em'plii:]" "n.雇工,雇员"employer [im'pli] n.雇主employment [im'plimnt] "n.雇用;使用;工作,职业"

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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2021考研英语复习先从背单词开始5500个考研英语大纲词汇务必要熟练掌握背单词是一个长期积累的过程大家要注意在运用中去熟练掌握每日英语单词词汇suitablea.(for)合适的,适宜的suite n.套间；一套家具；套，组，系列sulfur n.(sulphur)硫sum n.总数,和;金额;算术题;要旨 v.合计,总计summarize v.(summarise)概括,总结summary n.摘要,概要 a.概括的,简略的summer n.夏天，夏季 a.夏季的summit n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰；最高级会议summon v.召唤;传讯,传唤;鼓起(勇气),振作(精神)sunn.太阳；恒星；美国Sun公司Sundayn.星期日sunrisen.日出，拂晓；朝霞sunsetn.日落，傍晚；晚霞sunshinen.日光,日照；晴天；super a.极好的,超级的superb a.极好的,杰出的；华丽的；superficial a.表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的superfluousa.多余的，过剩的，superior a.优良的,卓越的;上级的 n.上级;长者;高手superiority n.优越(性)，优势，优等；高傲，傲慢supermarket n.超级市场supersonica.超音速的,超声波的 n.超声波，超声频superstitionn.迷信，迷信的观念习俗supervisev.管理,监督supper n.晚餐supplement n.补遗;增刊;附录 v.增刊,补充supplyv.(with,to)供给,供应,补足 n.供应,供应量supportn./vt.支撑;支持;赡养;维持 n.支持者;支柱suppose v.料想,猜想;假定;conj.假使...结果会怎样suppressv.镇压,压制;抑制,忍住;查禁supremea.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的surea.肯定的；一定会…的；有信心的，有把握的surfacen.表面；外表 a.表面的，肤浅的surgevi.汹涌；彭湃；蜂拥而至 n.巨浪;汹涌;彭湃surgeon n.外科医生surgery n.外科,外科学;手术室,诊疗室surname n.姓surpassvt.超过,胜过surplus n.过剩,剩余；余款,余额 a.过剩的,剩余的surprisev.使诧异,使惊异;奇袭 n.诧异,惊异;奇袭surrendervi.投降，屈服 vt.放弃，交出 n.投降，认输surroundvt.包围，环绕 n.环绕物surroundingsn.周围的事物,环境survey v./n.俯瞰,眺望;全面审视,调查;测量图,勘定survivaln.幸存,生存;幸存者,残存物survive v.幸免于,幸存;比…长命susceptiblea.易受影响的;易受感动的;易受感染的suspectv.猜想；怀疑；察觉 a.可疑的 n.嫌疑犯suspend v.悬(浮)，挂；暂停，取消；推迟suspicionn.怀疑，猜疑；一点儿，少量suspiciousa.(of)可疑的,多疑的,疑心的sustainvt.支撑,撑住;维持,持续,经受,忍耐