2017考研英语题目

2020考研英语考试已经落下帷幕，作为考研英语的最后一个模块，作文是众多考生关注和畏惧的。可以说，“得阅读者得天下，得作文者得永生”。在此，笔者通过精细英语二小作文，希望能够为备考的你们提供一些受用的框架和思路，为大家的考研旅程尽点绵薄之力。2020考研英语一真题如下：Directions:46. Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to1) tell them about the site, and2) give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, use “Li Ming”instead. (10 points)写作分析1. 考题形式根据大纲规定，小作文考查形式包含书信、通知、报告、备忘录，而今年的考题也同样考查了考频最高的文体—书信，这与平时授课和作文点睛课上反复强调的以书信复习备考为主的授课重点也不谋而合。具体而言，今年考查的书信为说明类和建议类的结合，即首先要明确说明历史景点的具体名称，其次还要说清楚观光游览时的建议事项。两方面都要写到，切不可有偏废。2. 写作内容小作文又叫应用文，相对于大作文来说内容更为简短，题材都集中在日常生活中使用频率较大的实用性文体。就今年所考查的内容而言，认真练习过真题的同学会发现，“年年岁岁人不同，岁岁年年题不变”，事实上，2017年英语一的小作文中曾考察过景点的介绍信，所以其中对于景点介绍的部分表达可以借鉴到这次的作文中。而对于景点的介绍和参观建议这两个部分的写作，孰轻孰重，题干中并没有具体的规定，同学们可根据自己实际的写作能力和对试题的理解进行有效把握。3. 注意事项对于小作文而言，大纲要求颇为详实，概括起来，主要涉及：格式正确，语域恰当，语言准确，内容完整。格式方面，务必包含称呼、正文、落款和署名；语域方面，因收信人和写信人之间的陌生关系，故为正式信件；语言准确，包含词汇和句法两个方面的准确完整；内容完整，即必须说明景点名称和建议两个部分。以上即为2020英语二应用文的整体分析和梳理，希望对刚刚结束考试的考生有所启发。同时，2021的学生也已经开始进入紧张备考状态，在此提醒各位以考点为指向，打好词汇和语法基本功，为厚积薄发打下坚实基础。

英语二得高分的关键就是真题但是英语二的真题又比较少，很多同学都很疑问英语二要不要做英语一的题？下面具体从两个的区别详细的给大家说说1. 先从考研大纲来看 从以上考研大纲的要求来看，英语二相对来说比英语一更为简单一些，整体文章的难度要低一点。2. 从真题的实际题型情况来看综合来看，英语一和英语二除了新题型，翻译和作文的题型有所区别之外，核心考察的知识点都是差不多的，只是相比较而言，英语一更有难度而已。所以考英语二的同学是完全可以做英语一的真题，锻炼阅读思维，摸清初阅读的出题套路！那么英语二到底应该怎么复习呢？（敲重点）基础阶段一月—三月如果英语基础比较差的同学：寒假期间建议使用红宝书，从必考词开始背，每天至少背25+的单词，养成背单词的习惯，晚上睡前复盘一下，遮住中文，看着英文想中文如果过了四级的同学：建议这个期间使用恋练有词/新东方绿皮乱序过一遍考研词汇，建议第一个月每天背50+，筛选标记出自己不熟悉的单词，后面就重点背标记的单词巩固阶段四月任务一：做英语一2004年—2008年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题（PS：英二前期就用英一的阅读真题来作为练习）最有效的阅读理解学习方法就是一句一句的死抠句子，每一句都分析其中涉及的语法、单词和固定搭配，只要按照方法每天分析两到三段阅读理解文章。逐句翻译，两个月绝对见效，如果这样坚持下去到12月，英二六七十分是非常容易的事情。任务二：长难句，基础比较差的资料可以用田静的句句真研，配合“懒人长难句”每日一句视频练习（教你如何翻译通顺，一词多义怎么看，如何在学习长难句的时候背单词，记语法，拆分句子）五月任务一：做英语一2009年——2014年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题（PS：前期就用英一的阅读真题来作为练习）任务二：把历年来的真题作文范文的词组分类整理下来。六月任务一：做英语一2015年——2018年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题任务二：把历年来的真题作文范文的词组分类整理下来。强化阶段（开始英二真题）七月任务一：精做英语一2001年—2014年真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真相（预留两三年真题在最后十二月），重点了解文章中不熟悉的单词和词组，精翻答案附近的长难句为了避免二次痕迹，建议用铅笔写或者复印一份任务二：把历年来的真题作文的词组摘抄下来任务三：翻译题，资料可以用唐静的拆分与组合，懒人长难句视频八月任务一：精做英语二2015年—2017年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题（预留两三年真题在最后十二月），重点了解文章中不熟悉的单词和词组，精翻答案附近的长难句为了避免二次痕迹，建议用铅笔写或者复印一份任务二：把历年来的真题作文的词组摘抄下来任务三：翻译题，资料可以用唐静的拆分与组合，懒人长难句视频九月任务一：分题型做英语二2010年——2014年真题的阅读，新题型，翻译，作文，做完总结各板块的出题套路任务二：分经济类（2010、2011、2014），教育类（2013），环境类，社会热点类（2012）整理作文框架任务三：不做真题的时候集中刷2010之前英语一的完型填空，摘抄完型中不熟悉的单词以及固定搭配十月任务一：分题型做英语二2015年—2017年的阅读，新题型，翻译，作文，做完总结各板块的出题套路任务二：不做真题的时候重点刷2010-2017年的完形填空，摘抄完型中不熟悉的单词以及固定搭配任务三：分经济类（2015），教育类，环境类，社会热点类（2016.2017）整理作文框架冲刺阶段十一月任务一：每三天下午（14：-17：00）定时做英语二（2010-2014）的真题，包括涂答题卡，做完之后标记出真题中不认识的单词，阅读错题原因，翻译中的词组以及作文框架任务二：不做真题的时候，分题型查漏补缺，重点补小三项，最后阶段阅读很难拔高了，完型，新题型，翻译集中复习，梳理做题规律，反倒有机会大幅度提分任务三：一个月至少6次大作文练习，套上自己的整理的模板巩固练习十二月任务一：每三天下午（14：-17：00）定时做英语二（2015-2020）的真题，包括涂答题卡，做完之后标记出真题中不认识的单词，阅读错题原因，翻译中的词组以及作文框架任务二：不做真题的第二天，英语复习时间控制在2个半小时，两天写一篇大作文，每天背真题中不熟悉的单词和词组以及作文范文中的词组任务三：不做真题的第三天，英语复习控制在2个小时内，两天写一篇小作文，每天做真题中2-3个长难句练习以及真题中不熟悉的单词！查漏补缺

2020年考研已经结束有一段时间了，现在同学们谈论最多的事情，同时也是最盼望的事情，就是知道自己的考研成绩。不过今年考研成绩的公布时间是2.10日，所以小伙伴们还要耐心地等上一段时间。昨天一位考完研的读者朋友给我发私信，向我咨询考研英语的问题。她告诉我自己前不久对照着答案估了估分，觉得自己的英语成绩能够考到70分以上，想问问我这个成绩是什么水平，算是高分吗？最近很多考完研的小伙伴，其实都偷偷地对了对答案，估了估分，所以今天我们就一起来探讨一下这一话题。那么考研英语成绩估分在70分以上，究竟算不算高分呢？毫无疑问，考研英语过了70分绝对算是高分，而且至少打败了90%的对手我们首先来看一下2012年到2018年考研英语的平均分数。从这张表中，我们可以清晰地看到，英语一的最高分是53.94分，出现在2017年，最低分出现在2015年，达到了47.21分。从这些数据中我们可以发现，尽管这些年英语一题目的难度在上下浮动，但是平均分总是出现在45~55这个区间里。英语二由于总体难度要低一些，所以平均分数要比英语一高一些。从表格中我们可以看到，英语二的最高平均分出现在2017年，达到了57.37分，最低平均分出现在2016年，达到了51.04分，总体浮动在50~60分的这一区间。这名读者朋友考的是学术型硕士，考研英语考的是英语一，估分能够达到70分以上，确实属于很高的水平。再加上她的主观题目部分在估分时比较保守，最终成绩肯定要比估分高。能够在考研时拿到这个成绩，至少应该是英语六级550分左右的水平。从19年考研英语的难度出发，我们大致可以对20考研英语平均分做出预测在最近三年里，我们可以发现英语一题目的难度是在不断增加的。在2017年的时候，英语一题目的难度系数为0.513，到了2019年达到了0.524。之所以会提高题目的难度系数，最主要的原因是为了应对急速增加的报名人数压力，从而使得分数更有区分度。与此同时，我们也可以发现，随着题目难度的增加，英语一的平均分也出现了递减的情况。和英语一的情况一样，英语二的试卷难度也出现了逐年提高的现象。而且在2018年的时候，命题组大幅度提高了考试难度系数，使得英语二的平均分数直接从17年的57.37分，降低到了55.43分。到了19年的时候，题目难度进一步增加，分数再次下降到52.66分。在今年考研英语科目结束时，就有很多考生提到阅读第一篇就看不懂，作文写跑题的情况。由此可见，今年考研英语题目的难度很可能将会再次提高，这也是为了应对341万报名人数压力的一个重要措施，最根本的目的是为了再次提高区分度。所以20年考研英语的平均分很有可能会再次降低，英语一应该继续保持在45~50分的区间，英语二的平均分存在低于50分的可能性。不过我们只是进行一波预测，具体的成绩还要等到官网来正式发布。你认为考研英语考到70分以上，算不算高分呢？此外，你认为今年的英语平均分会继续降低吗？欢迎与我留言互动！

随着时间慢慢进入6月，很多考研的小伙伴们也慢慢开始了刷真题阶段，6到9月这第二阶段考研英语复习计划表怎么做？每天的时间怎么安排？相信很多人对此都有疑问，给大家说说我自己当初考研的一点经验，大家可以参考下~~~一．主要学习任务单词+语法（阅读）虽说前期单词已经背的差不多了，但这一阶段还是不能松懈，毕竟单词这个东西忘得很快，一天不复习，第二天就能忘不少，一个月不复习，恭喜你，你可以重头开始背了！而语法则是这一阶段需要重点掌握的，不要觉得语法不重要，这个可是你做英语题的基石，关系着做题的正确率。语法可以一遍看视频一边在真题阅读中学习。这里插一句题外话，考研英语复习不用做其他的模拟题啥的，把历年的真题吃透就行。二．资料推荐单词：《考研词汇闪过》，这个单词书将所有的考研大纲词汇都按考频划分了重点，背起来很省时间。真题：英一《考研真相》/英二《考研圣经》，里面对句子的讲解很详细，每个句子都以图解形式呈现，不用你再查语法书了，很适合用来学习语法补基础。其他书都没这么详细！三．每天复习安排(1) 每天复习单词1小时(2) 每天看视频课一节(3) 两天一套真题（只做阅读部分，一天做一天复盘）具体做题顺序可以参考下：6—7月：做2001—2007年真题，只做阅读部分,3遍。8—9月：做2008—2017年真题，只做阅读部分,2遍。（还有一遍留到10月份全面刷题的时候做，后3年的真题先不要动，留到最后模考）至于每天什么时候做什么，大家可以和自己其他课业的复习结合下，看自己方便。四．阅读真题怎么做？1. 做题步骤可以分成4步完成：（1）通读全文，抓两个重点：①　首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）②　其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读）（2）抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：③　文章叙述的主要内容是什么？④　文章中有无提到核心概念？⑤　作者的大致态度是什么？（3）仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，在原文找和它有联系的句子）定位原则：①　通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）②　自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。PS：要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。（4）对照原文，得出答案。①　通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。②　作题练习时，要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。2. 做题目的上面也提到了真题不能只刷一遍，要多做几遍，不过也不能盲目去做，在每一遍做题的时候都要有目的性。（1）第一遍做题：分析长难句，学习语法结构①　在做题的时候，将自己不明白的单词句子划出来，做个标记。②　做完题后把这些不懂的单词意思查出来，然后自己把文章翻译一遍，尽量手动精翻。③　翻译完后对照着《考研真相》里的精讲册，看看自己哪个句子弄错了，跟着书上学习如何去逐步拆解句子，句子主句一级修饰二级修饰怎么找这些。要将每个句子的语法结构都研究透彻。（2）第二遍做题：分析题型套路，总结做题方法①　做题的过程中将原文再口译一遍，看看自己哪里还不甚明白，做好标记。②　做完题后再翻参考书看，是单词还没记住还是句子结构又弄混了，另外准备一个错题本，将还不懂的知识点记下来。③　分析一下每个题都属于什么题型，是主旨题还是词汇题，细节题还是推理题等等，然后总结一下自己错的题哪类比较多，后面有针对性复习，再研究一下做同一类题有没有什么共用的技巧方法。（3）第三遍做题：查漏补缺，复盘巩固①　仍旧口译一遍，检查还有没有自己不懂的漏网之鱼，补充在错题本上。②　试试第二遍做题时总结的方法套路用起来合不合适，调整修改修改。③　将错题本的题翻来覆去的研究，尤其是连错两次的，重视重视再重视！6到9月的英语复习大概也就是这些了，天气炎热，大家复习的时候也要多注意身体，加油!

今天来讲推荐信推荐信是考得第二多的书信了关键词recommend；recommendation；give some tips来看一下还可能会推荐的东西（注意有意识地积累）：1.美食（家乡美食/学校周边美食/你的城市美食/推荐你最喜欢吃的菜/餐厅等）2.你的家乡（不规定城市的话找个好写的城市：北京/上海/杭州/西安等）同理还会问你的家乡的美食或者旅游景点，同样要积累做到心中有数。3.歌曲/电影/书/戏剧/明星/偶像/榜样/4.推荐一个人担任一个职位5.推荐一个机构给特定的人提供服务6.推荐某样商品好啦，现在跟比邻星C一起来练真题！

对于英语的学习大家都知道词汇是最重要的，所以很多同学就每天拼命的背单词，总是感觉单词都认识了做题肯定就没有问题了，但是总是事与愿违，很多同学辛辛苦苦把单词都背好了，阅读的时候发现也都认识单词，但是做题的时候总是发现一看就会一做就错，那么今天我们就一起来看看该咋办吧。首先我们来看看下面这个同学：为什么2019考研英语一明明背完了单词，阅读还是错四个。那么我们一起来看看大家都是咋说的吧。一、那可能你做中文的也会错，说真的，高中语文不行的，做英语真的很受影响。二、背了单词就不能错四个？？？这样的话英语也太简单了吧，多做真题，慢慢就好了。三、因为你的单词量是肥大，做阅读发现好多单词意思跟英语单词词典上的解释补一张，单词的意思是相近的或高一点的，看来要转变对单词的刻板形象了。四、词汇量是一部分，另一部分在于要理解，多看答案解析，现在做完之后都要进行翻译整理单词句子，关键在于积累，坚持一段时间你会发现会有质的飞跃。五、词汇是基础，句子能读懂吗，细节问题注意了吗，文章主旨知道吗？有的句子，明明单词很简单，却翻译的跟自己有差异。文章大意理解有偏差，估计还是没有读懂。要掌握主旨，答案大部分都与主旨有关。六、不要慌，我刚开始写真题这也这样，卷子刷多了正确率慢慢就上来了。七、背了单词就能做对阅读？那你也太小看命题人了。如果现在发现差距还是挺大的。那就每天都会坚持做阅读，提高正确率，弄懂里面的套路。八、做阅读重要的是定位，分析。现在做阅读感觉就是定位到阅读中的长难句，感觉长难不好读懂，看看长难句的方法。九、因为句子含义不等于不单词含义之和，语言的含义是很丰富的，重在理解，背单词也是在帮助理解，但只背单词是远远不够的。十、看真题解析，真题什么思路你就学什么思路。题海战术要锻炼自己的思维能力。十一、因为阅读理解要阅读和理解，一词多义就不说了，一对一也不一定理解对，蛮多人老是感觉做阅读时间不够，不能很好的理解，一是没有完全读懂二是没有领悟到作者的主题，特别是最后一题完全凭借自己的主观意愿去选择。虽然应试不是正道 但现在也就是能拿到分就行完全搞清楚这篇文章的意思我们便舍弃了；然后是作者的主观偏向 可能和考生的阅历还有关 说不定某些内容就是曾经浏览过的时事 或者结合对一些事情的理解和认知能猜测到作者的意图；再就是整体上，阅读理解是分值大。但他要恰好是是咱的弱势只能避短了 少用些时间那能力之内的分数，或者不能完全理解/完全理解也做不对咱们就不走完全理解的路，当然这个就要考验直觉啦。到考研这个时间没有深厚底子的咱们的本儿都差不多耗尽了。回想一下曾经高考的应试技巧 这时能用的灵活用一下吧。额不知道这是备考研究生吗？所以要研究透出题人的思路和意图，永久出套路来。（多刷真题）十二、阅读词汇是一方面，不一定都读懂，关于选项前后的段落语句和逻辑关系搞清楚就够了，之前以为我6000.7000词汇不少了，后来才知道大佬都是11000到13000，词汇不是英语的全部，但是必不可少。十三、考研英语的阅读本来就是很难的啊，一句话里面所有单词都认识，还是不知道意思。唉不过还有一些命题套路可循的。十四、背景，多了解美国欧洲英国的政治经济文化媒体医疗法律等主流信息，尤其是美国。我去年暑假做英语一阅读理解一般每年真题都要错10个左右。后来一边做一边学套路，最后考研考了73分。当时做阅读理解，整个人都感觉很不好。十五、英语一的阅读是有技巧和规律的的，当然牛人不需要技巧啥的，看这些就和看小学生文章……多看阅读解析、查漏补缺、在阅读训练中、积累单词和单词意思。十六、上下文的连接没注意，要通过读文章想到会问哪些问题，建议先看问题不看选项再看文章有目的性的读。去年我也是这样。最后考试的时候20道题错了6个。十七、阅读错一个路过。就想说你看解析时候，一定要明白错误选项错在哪？（张冠李戴、主谓不一致、偷换概念等）正确选项正确在哪？（大多是统一替换）出题人的意图在哪？出题人是想通过哪种方式使这个选项正确或者错误。在疏通全文的基础上，反复将每个选项这样思考。这也就是多刷真题意义，这是主要提高阅读的方法（其他基本方法就不说了）。这样过几遍阅读 你一定会有特别大的进步！十八、对于自己思考不理解的，觉得真题思维不对的，一定要放弃自己的思维！跟着真题思维走！就算理解不了也要跟着真题解答思维走！慢慢多刷几遍，会发现真题套路就那几种，并且真题思维在脑子里留下印象后，会对做题帮助很大！十九、我觉得英语就要背单词，作为基础撕烂的人，语法、长难度，难道我最后考试琢磨一句半天？差生只能背单词了，多做做题，慢一点整句理解下再做题，这样今年考了63 被录取中的最低分，可怜交流一下你们怎么学的呗备战12月四六级。二十、考研英语是场持久战，把时间划分开，各阶段做各阶段的事。最后做题阶段了，你会发现。一开始错很多，再做几篇找到规律，正确率飙升。而不会出现意外。每天一篇阅读并解析，加上单词和长难句，还有些许的语法，前期时间也不少了，一定要讲究质量。我去年几乎没单独学语法，精读阅读的时候就顺便学了。前期一篇阅读一定要够3小时，研究透了再下一篇。把文中的每一句，每个单词，每个语法都搞明白。最后虽然英二75不算高，但对于六级还没过的我来说，挺高的了。二十一、如果背单词就能做对题还叫阅读理解吗，阅读只是基本，难的是理解，考的是你阅读文章的能力，不仅要把文章翻译出来，最重要的是逻辑结构。跟词汇量关系并不是很大，第一次做2017年英语一真题一个单词都没看，也不知道考试多长时间，朋友就让我慢慢做，全部完成三个多小时完成，完形错6个，阅读和新题型总共错5个好像，最后2018考的时候单词一遍都没看过，最后45分钟慢慢做翻译，提前20分钟答完，最后成绩62，不高也算可以了。所以说那不是阅读，是阅读理解，不过你这问题很小，再多练几篇好好想下，做英语阅读理解主观意识真的不能太强，就好像数学有固定公式一样，它也有固定的……说不上来。所以需要你多练习找到相应的解题技巧。希望对你有帮助，我们是百家号知了网欢迎关注我们每天的原创文章，更多的考研、四六级等内容请关注我，点关注不迷路，也欢迎大家私下交流，如若认同请帮忙分享转发。

2020考研再有十天左右就要开考，现在考研已经进入了最后复习阶段。很多考研学生都在担心今年的考研试题难度会不会变，怕试题难度加大自己考试成绩分数低过不了国家线，因此心理压力有些大。那么2020考研考试试题难度可能会哪些变化呢？作为老师，结合自己近几年对考研的观察，认为考生需要注意这四点变化。具体内容如下。第一，考研英语一阅读难度可能会提高。2019考研英语一的阅读理解和新题型的难度比2018年的难度相差无几，2019年全国英语一的平均分是48.59分，2018年的平均分是48.61分，因此二者难度持平。但是考虑到2019年的考研英语国家线很多专业已经提高了5分左右，而随着今年考研报考人数的继续增加，如果难度不变，那么考研英语国家线还会继续提高，因此意味着2020考研英语试题难度将会提高，以发挥考研英语的门槛作用。第二，政治选择题难度略有提高，材料题难度一般。从2019考研政治试题分析来看，单选题的难度并不大，而多选题的个别题有一定的难度，材料题难度一般，考生结合平时学习的内容就可以轻松得分。而从2020考研来看，考研政治更会侧重时事政治类试题的考察，这类试题内容多，考生不容易区分，因此在多选题部分难度会有所提高。而在单选部分政治经济学内容的考察可能会难度加大。而材料题的难度预计和往年持平。第三，数学难度可能会提高。从近五年的考研数学分数线来看，无论是数一、数二，还是数三，试题难度大概都是偶数年份难度略高，而奇数年份难度低一些。这一点可以从数学全国平均分可以看出来，2016年数学平均分比2015年低，2017年数学平均分又比2016年高，而2018年的数学平均分又比2017年分数要低，2019年数学平均分要比2018年数学平均分高。结合这几年的分数线变化来看，预计2020考研数学的难度将会略有提高，数学平均分将会比2019年的分数要低一些。第四，专业课难度呈现“两极分化”。回顾2019考研，可以看到一些自主划线的大学，他们的专业课分数线不是特别高，而且很多学生的专业课考试成绩甚至低于学校规定的分数线。但是反观一些普通大学的专业课考试，可以发现这些学校的专业课考试成绩都特别的高，而且随着招生难度的加大，预计2020考研普通大学的专业课考试难度不会太高，但是985等大学的考研专业课试题难度将会有一定的难度。对于2020考研，大家还有哪些问题和看法呢？

Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决，但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑，麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等，已获得和政府接触的机会。The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his ties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”，或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会，除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力，否则那不成为腐败。最高法官如是裁决。The court did suggest that accepting favorsin return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”法院明确表示接受馈赠从而为其打开方便之门的确令人反感和恶心，但是在根据反贿赂法，证据证明必须得有确凿的利益，比如批准一个合同或规定，才构成受贿。仅仅安排会面，打个电话，主持一项活动不能算公务行为。The court’s rulingis legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compactunderlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”法庭的裁决在法律上合理的界定一种非犯罪的偏好，民选领袖必须允许帮助资助者解决官僚作风的问题，不用担心面临贿赂的指控，首席大法官JR说，代议制政府之下的基本契约是公共官员能够听从选民关切的事情并出谋划策。But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed toplay favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an indivial or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.但是判决强调市民和选民代表的要求，而不是法院的要求，确保对政府通道的平等性。官员不能因为个人或组织提供了竞选资金或个人馈赠就厚此薄彼，提供信息、安排见面等，这种形式的诚信需要政府严格执行透明政策，比如官方会议录音，游说规定，和民选领袖财富来源信息。Favoritism in official access canfan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each indivial.偏袒会煽动民众对腐败的理解，但是它不是总是腐败，相反，公务员需要避免“双标”，即对普通人和富人采取不同的标准，如果关系可以买来，民主社会的前提——所有人都被政府平等对待——就被破坏了。好的政府依赖于一个个个体的内在价值。The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.法院裁决是对腐败和公务偏袒斗争的一个进步。36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court划线句子表明法院[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s ties.避免给麦克的职责定范围[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.在麦克的定罪上没有妥协[C] was contemptuousof McDonnell’s conct.对麦克的行径表示蔑视[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.拒绝对麦克的行径评论37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves根据第四段 ，公务行为只有涉及（）才被认为腐败[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.提供具体的汇报给送礼者[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.可观的礼物收益 [C] leaking secrets intentionally.主动泄露秘密 [D] breaking contracts officially.公务上的违约 38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are法院裁决基于公务人员的（）假设[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.允许把重点放在支持者关心的事情上[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.有能力独自解决政府事情[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.有正当理由满足选民的要求[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.对于偏袒的指控免除定罪 39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to在政府透明度方面，需要强有力的法律来保证[A] awaken the conscienceof officials.唤醒公务人民的道德心 [B] guarantee fair play in official access.保证官方接待的公平 [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.允许某种程度的游说 [D] inspire hopes in average people.激发普通人的希望 40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is作者对法院裁决的态度是[A] sarcastic.讽刺[B] tolerant.容忍 [C] skeptical.怀疑 [D] supportive.支持答案：CCCBD

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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