考研英语2018年第二篇

考研英语非常重要的一部分就是阅读，大家在掌握英语阅读技巧的情况下， 还要从历年来的考点来看看其规律性，下面带着大家盘点下近六年的考题。2018年考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：人工智能　　第二篇：媒体技能　　第三篇：数据利用　　第四篇：美国邮政2017考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：安检措施　　第二篇：选址之争　　第三篇：GDP缺陷　　第四篇：美国法律2016年阅读：第一篇：时尚立法　　第二篇：英国乡村　　第三篇：社会责任　　第四篇：媒体变革2015年阅读：第一篇：欧洲王室　　第二篇：美国法律　　第三篇：科学期刊　　第四篇：媒体道德2014年阅读：第一篇：英国福利　　第二篇：美国律师　　第三篇：科学奖励　　第四篇：自由教育2013年阅读：第一篇：快时尚业　　第二篇：数据保护　　第三篇：人类未来　　第四篇：美国法律从近六年出的内容来看， 话题考查重复率很高，相似度也很高。建议各位小伙伴把这几年的真题反复研读，大部分考点可能会重复的。

原文+译文：In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market.网上商务开始的第一年左右，大部分活动都围绕着开拓消费者市场而进行。More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell procts and services with one another.最近，随着网络被证实不仅仅是一种时尚，公司便开始（在网上）相互交易产品和服务。Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what proct they’re looking for.公司之间的这种交易非常合理，因为商人都清楚地知道他们需要的是产品。Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by concting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.不过，由于怀疑网络的可靠性，许多公司仍对网络的使用犹豫不决。弗瑞斯特研究所的资深分析员布兰·欧文说，“商家需要感受到，他们可以信赖自己和供应商之间的这种沟通途径”。有些公司为了降低风险，只与固定的贸易伙伴进行在线贸易，给予这些伙伴进入本公司局域网的权利。Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing.网络商业模式的另一个重大变化与可用于营销的技术有关。Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites.直到最近，因特网上的营销活动还集中在使用将用户“拉进”网站的策略上。In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.然而去年，软件公司开发出新的技术，使公司可以将信息直接“推出”给消费者，直接把营销信息传送给特定的用户。Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors.最突出的例子是Pointcast网络，该网络使用一种屏幕保护系统，将最新的信息和广告不断地传送到用户的计算机显示器上。Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site.用户可以量身设定自己想要接收的信息，然后直接进入某个公司的网址。Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, proct offerings, or other events.像Virtual Vineyards这样的公司业已开始采用类似的技术将有关特价销售、产品促销或其他活动的信息“推”向用户。But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users.但这种“推”的技术遭到许多网上用户的鄙视。Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.在线文化推崇这样一个理念：流动到屏幕上的信息应是在专门的请求之后才出现。Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.一旦商业促销不请自来地充斥着电脑屏幕，那么网络和电视就没多大差别了。这种前景让网络净化者感到不安。But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.公司在网上并不是非得依靠“推”的策略方能挣钱。The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of procts with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.像Virtual Vineyards 和Amazon.Com及其他开拓者的例子表明：一个销售适类商品的网站，如果将互动、热情服务、安全相结合，肯定会吸引网上用户的。And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.计算机计算能力的成本持续下降，对任何建立了网上销售点的企业来说都是个好的征兆。回顾过去的5年或10年，人们或许会感到奇怪。为什么只有这么少的公司尝试网上销售呢？试题：51. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business.[A] has been striving to expand its market[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion[C] tried but in vain to control the market[D] has been booming for one year or so52. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that.[A] the technology is popular with many Web users[B] businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions[C] there is a radical change in strategy[D] it is accessible limitedly to established partners53. In the view of Net purists,.[A] there should be no marketing messages in online culture[B] money making should be given priority to on the Web[C] the Web should be able to function as the television set[D] there should be no online commercial information without requests54. We learn from the last paragraph that.[A] pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce[B] interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers[C] leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago[D] setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power答案：A C D B

2020考研英语二真题及答案【作文】！真题：一个饼图：60%用来学习知识，21%用来消磨时间，4%是其它，17%是获取信息。高校学生手机阅读目的调查【参考范文-网络版】As is vividly depicted in the chart, it provides the information concerning the reading purpose of college students by mobile phones in a certain university.To be specific, the percentage of learning is 58%, which is biggest among the four categories. Meanwhile, acquiring information, entertaining and others account for 28%, 12% and 2% respectively.Without a doubt, the real purpose of the chart is to tell us that a majority of college students read their phones for study rather than have fun. On one hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, our smart phones become increasingly convenient for students to study. Instead of taking numerous books in their bags, they prefer to put significant learning materials into their phone and then they can read them at any place they want. On the other hand, the present college students are under huge competitive stress. As a result, they are aware of the significance of learning in college,where they should enhance their knowledge and skills to cope with the challenges and obstacles in the years to come.Taking above reasons into consideration, we could firmly believe that the tendency will continue in the forthcoming years.小作文：真题Directions:Suppose you are panning a tour of historical site for a group of international students1) Say something about the site2) give some tips for the tourYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use“Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address (10 points)[参考范文--网络版]Dear international students,Welcome to China! Knowing that you have a keen interest in Chinese historical sites, I am writing to recommend you to visit the Forbidden City, one of the prestigioushistoric relics in China.Here are the brief introctions . Firstly, The Forbidden city is the imperial palace of the two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Secondly, located in the capital of China, the Forbidden City showcases many collections of ancient arts and antiques, which offer a glimpse of China's extensive and sophisticated culture.Finally, what needs to pay special attention to is that you had better book tickets online ahead of time though any digital devices. Before visiting, to take a panorama of the palace would be a sensible to guild your trip and save much time.I hope my suggestions would be of benefit for you. Please feel free to contact me. I am looking forward to your reply.Enjoy your tour!关于作文的真题和参考答案就到这里啦，今年参加考研的小伙伴可以好好休息一下啦。2020考研已经结束，话说2021考研还会远吗？备考2021考研的宝宝们，不用害怕，考研一般在大三第二学期2月份开始，考研的话，大半年时间够用了，现在你可以搜集了解目标院校的招生简章、专业目录、参考书目、报录比这些信息，尽量找一些已考上的学姐学长，了解参考书目、真题等信息。有机会的话去目标院校多转转，没准儿会有意想不到的收获。现阶段，你应该学好英语和专业课，打好基础，为你的正式备考打好基础。说到资料，数学的话，一般来说汤神讲的细、基础，适合基础不好的，李大帝综合性强。英语的话，真题安利英语一的《考研真相》/英语二的《考研圣经》，逐词逐句精解，一句一句解析每一篇真题，完形填空和阅读理解都是一句话一句话给你分析讲解的，补基础很不错。

考研复习备考的同学都有这样一个感受：“时间过得真快”，越到临近考试的时候，越感觉到手忙脚乱。经常有个别同学问小编，英语科目应该怎么复习？是不是要记单词呢？除了背啊，记啊，这些考研大纲里面的英语单词外，还应该怎么做呢？

大家好，本人是今年2020年应届毕业的一枚医学生，本科是浙江省重点医学院校，今年考研也报了本校。从大三开始就关注了小白考研，收货颇丰，然而今年的考研也是踩了不少坑。为了让接下来考研的学弟学妹们少走点弯路，接下来想给大家分享一下我考研期间自己觉得好的英语学习方法，以及有些需要注意的地方。我的考研英语一的成绩是66分，不算好，四六级是大一上下就过了，四级528六级447，后来太懒了一直没有报名去参加英语六级去刷分，以至于周围一大堆好朋友都上了550甚至有些人都上了600，而我还是原地踏步。对于大家来说，英语六级是越高越好，所以希望还没考研的学弟学妹趁着时间充裕多去刷分，分数越高越好。毕竟这年头，哪个导师不希望自己的学生英语超级6，看文献写综述的时候可以轻轻松松呢。1关于词汇词汇可以说是考研英语中最重要的部分，要从第一天记到最后一天，每天都要记，不能断！我是从大四下开始复习考研英语的，也就是2019年三月的时候。买到的第一本书就是朱伟老师的恋恋有词，每天看一章恋恋有词的单词配合一下对应的视频课。在此吐槽一下，朱伟老师创立韦林后的恋恋有词废话非常多，之后，我和周围同学就一起看了朱伟老师之前在新东方时候的课程，还是干货满满的。大概到了五月份后，我就不再浪费时间看视频课了，就开始单单看书里面的词汇。 到了后期七月份的时候，换过1575、张剑黄皮书里面的词汇，最后还换到考研英语红宝书。可以说，人在往往面对一本空白的新书是很焦虑的，所以到十月我还是回去继续看恋恋有词。说句实在话，如果可以把恋恋有词配合朱伟老师课堂上的单词笔记好好利用好好记忆，反复来回背，其实很够了。我犯的错误就是买的单词书太多，买过来不用又不舒服，用了也没好处。所以在此想告诉大家，单词书，一本就够了。关于词汇书我早该知道的事：坚持一本书，用到终点线。在这里顺便推荐一下大家可能知道的比较少的记单词APP，叫做“不背单词”，里面有个可以导入词汇书的功能。2长难句长难句可能是大家很头疼的一个东西，往往是一篇考研阅读题目中出题的关键所在！关于长难句，我其实并没有下很多功夫。前期对自己似乎有蜜汁自信，后期吃了它不少的亏！后来由于时间紧迫，来不及系统学习了，主要就是在做考研阅读真题试卷的时候，遇到自己读不懂的句子然后把它好好切分。唐迟老师在讲阅读真题课的时候也会提到一些难的句子，可以在试卷旁边做笔记。还有一个就是何凯文老师的公众号，他会有每日一句，如果可以每天坚持下去，一定会有很好的效果。关于长难句我早该知道的事：基础好的同学也不要轻视，因为这往往是阅读答题的关键所在。基础不好的同学一定要早早上心，系统学习，英语的学习是从来不在乎你多早开始的。3阅读阅读无疑是考研英语的大头，占40分，所谓赢阅读者赢天下，这个真的是一点错也没有！对于考研英语的阅读，一定要重视真题。就拿今年2019年英语一的四篇英语阅读来说，每一篇都可以从2015-2019年的英语真题里找到相似类型的阅读，并且词汇重复率极高。在考场上我的感觉就是，我为什么不好好再研究研究近五年的真题。我是很早开始就比较重视阅读了，在这里强烈推荐张剑黄皮书，每个考研儿人手必备的神器。我从2019年三月份开始做了98年到04年的早期的英语真题试卷，由于时间尚早，所以相对来说可以做一做，但是由于年代久远，实际上对于近年来的考研英语帮助并不大。对98-04年的考研英语真题我的意见就是，可做可不做。做了就当练手，不做也没什么关系。我周围很多朋友就是从05年开始做起的05-10年刷个两次，然后后期重点就是反复研究10-19年的英语真题。做英语阅读不是单纯的做英语阅读，每一篇阅读要掐好时间做了——订正后思考再去原文找依据——在题目周围写下一次做阅读的注意事项并且明白自己这一次做错的原因——最后整篇文章全文翻译记笔记。可以说，实际上做一篇英语阅读是相当费时间的，但是一定要一步一步慢慢来，就像唐迟老师说的“慢慢来，比较快”。阅读除了推荐张剑黄皮书，视频课推荐唐迟老师的阅读真题课，还有就是十月份何凯文老师推出的“五夜十篇”，五夜十篇会带你重点分析近年来的考研英语阅读趋向，带你解读题意。关于阅读我早该知道的事：阅读如果可以每天练是最好的。在十一月那会我经常隔了一星期没有去做过英语阅读。这让我在突然拿到一篇阅读的时候一下子没有了手感，所以在十二月一度心态有点崩。阅读还有一个原则就是，主题为王，一切细节都服从主题。记住这句话，会在你即使看不太明白文章每句话的时候也可以做对题。我在考场上一度很紧张，纠结一些题目的时候，就是靠这个来确定最终答案。3完型、翻译、新题型新题型、翻译和完型共占30分，这三块我准备的比较晚，七月开始做完型，十二月开始接触新题型和翻译。为什么这么晚才练翻译和新题型呢，因为新题型看着累，翻译懒得动笔写字。如果可以坐时光机，我一定要回去好好敲打自己。完型的话其实我就是靠语感，对我来说没什么技巧可言，这对平时练习比较有利，一般来说我完型可以拿到8/9分，但是今年考研的考场上我突然开始推理，犹豫不决，导致最后完型得分是4.5。我认为，平时该怎么做就还是怎么做吧。并且其实完型还是蛮有规律的，基本上ABCD在题目中的分布是平均的，每五个之间基本是有ABCD+（A/B/C/D），可以自己去做做看。翻译我当时买了小白拼团的翻译神器好像，同时还看了刘晓燕老师的救命班视频课，所以最后考试的时候还是顺利翻出来了。平时口头翻译每一篇英语阅读的习惯也对我做翻译是十分有好处的，所以最后翻译并没有很吃力。新题型可能是分数最不定、也是充满套路的一个题型，做得好了满分，做不好了全错的可能都有。可以看看老师的视频课，听听技巧。但归根结底，词汇不好什么技巧什么套路都无济于事，所以大家还是要把词汇基础给打得牢牢的，后面才可以好好运用这些套路。关于三小块我早该知道的事：开始的时间要早一点，不要盲信一些学长学姐和你说的晚一点没关系，早一点开始不是更好吗！4作文英语一的大作文20分，小作文10分。作文我是十月中旬开始准备，开始是背了王江涛老师的作文，但是到后期开始发现，大家都背王老师的作文，到考场上要是和别人一模一样不是凉了吗。后来关注小白公众号，应该是趁着双十一有很大的优惠力度，拼了小白的作文还有政治等等。不得不说，小白的那本作文编写的还是很不错的，基本上是手把手教你写作文的首段，中间段和结尾，很多替换的词汇也是帮你准备好了，选择自己喜欢的就好了，而且这本书很薄，不会让你有太大的压力。基本上，靠着这本书整理好了自己的模板，这样上考场算是比较轻松了。关于作文我早该知道的事：早点开始准备的自然更好，不至于后期手忙脚乱。作文就是多背多写，模板一定要是自己的，多背诵后整理了自己的东西，便是最好的。

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror -- the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.大气中二氧化碳的作用类似于单向反射镜——如温室的玻璃屋顶，允许太阳光线的进入，同时又防止内部热量的散失。According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities.根据气象专家的预测，若人类继续以当前的速度燃烧燃料，则2050年的大气层会比现在温度升高3℃。一旦这种温室效应真的发生，则极地冰盖会开始融化，从而使海面上升达几米，沿线城市出现严重洪水灾害。Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’s chief food-growing zones.除此之外，大气温度的上升会使北半球的气候产生巨大变化，可能从而导致世界主要产粮区的改变。In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. 过去人们主要关注人为造成的全球变暖对北极的影响，因为南极圈比北极圈冷得多，且冰层也厚得多，But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.但现在，气候专家开始把更多的注意力放到了西南极圈─—因为几度的升温（换言之，未来五十年燃料燃烧所造成的升温）足可以影响该地区。Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.卫星图像表明：南极圈中大片区域已经开始消失。现有证据表明：温室效应已经发生。这与二氧化碳能使地球变暖的理论相符。However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling.但是，燃料燃烧最多的北半球温度不升反降。Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?对此，科学家得出的结论是：迄今为止，自然因素对天气的影响胜过人为因素。问题是，哪种自然因素对天气的影响最大。One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth.一种可能是太阳行为的变化。某一研究站的气象学家已对太阳的热点和“冷点（相对较冷的地方）”进行了研究。太阳旋转时，以27.5天为周期向地球的不同地方展示其热点或“冷点”的不同方面。This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.这似乎对地球大气压力的分布有相当大的影响，从而影响风流。同时，太阳也在做长期的变化：它的热量释放呈升——降交替变化，最近呈下降趋势。Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. 科学家们现在发现了太阳——天气互动模式和实际气候几千年间的变化（包括最后的冰川时代）之间的联系。问题是: 基于这种模式的预测，世界现在应该正在进入新的冰川时代，而实际上并没有。One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.对这个理论难题的解决方法是：假定太阳效应克服地球气候的惯性效应需要几千年时间。若此假定正确，则二氧化碳的温室效应会有助于抵消太阳热量的减少趋势。14. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would.[A] prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surface[B] mean a warming up in the Arctic[C] account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere[D] raise the temperature of the earth’s surface[分析] 本题考核知识点：细节推理题。第一段将二氧化碳在大气中的作用类比温室的玻璃屋顶：允许阳光进入，并阻止内部热量的逃逸，（其结果是地球表面温度上升）。第二段首句则直接指出燃烧产生的二氧化碳会使大气温度上升。第四段指出：南极气候变化证明了二氧化碳使地球变暖的理论。所以，[D]为正确选项。[A]和第一段内容相反。第五段说明，北半球（包括北极圈）的气温在下降，所以，从文中无法推知[B]。[C]的错误在于其片面性。第五段指出：产生二氧化碳最多的北半球温度不升反降是因为：自然因素对北半球气候的影响大于人为因素，所以，北半球气候的变化是自然因素和人为因素作用的共同结果。15. The article was written to explain.[A] the greenhouse effect[B] the solar effects on the earth[C] the models of solar-weather interactions[D] the causes affecting weather[分析] 本题考核知识点：文章主旨题。解答文章主旨题需要对全文的综合理解。本文第一到四段为人为因素（温室效应）对天气的影响。第五至六段为自然因素（太阳行为的变化）对天气的影响。最后一段为人为因素和自然因素对地球气候的共同作用。所以，[D]为最恰当选项。[A]、[B]、[C] 的错误在于其片面性。[A]只是影响气候的人为因素，而[B]、[C]只涉及了影响气候的自然因素。16. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is.[A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising[B] possible because the ice caps in the poles are melting[C] exclusively e to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate[D] partly e to variations in the output of solar energy[分析] 本题考核知识点：因果细节题。第五段第二句指出，北半球燃料燃烧产生二氧化碳最多，气温却不升反降是因为：迄今为止，自然因素的影响胜过人为因素。第六段进一步指出，对地球气候变化影响最大的“自然因素”是太阳行为的变化：太阳的运转影响风流（wind circulaltion）；太阳能量释放呈周期性变化。所以，太阳能释放的变化是北半球气温下降的原因之一，[D]为正确选项。二氧化碳含量上升导致的结果是气温上升，所以[A]不正确。[B]无中生有：文中没有提及极地冰盖融化和北半球气温下降之间的联系，而且根据常识也可排除。[C]的错误在于：误把抑制因素当成了形成因素。从第五、六段可知，北半球温度下降的原因是自然因素（尤其是太阳行为）的影响。而最后一段倒数第二句指出：地球气候的惯性与太阳效应是相反的过程，因此它应对地球变冷起抑制作用。另外，exclusively 的过于绝对也暗示这不是正确选项。但近年的考题已经在避免留给考生这样的线索。17. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that.[A] the climate of the world should be becoming cooler[B] it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect[C] the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects[D] the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect[分析]本题考核知识点：文中人物观点推理题。第七段第二句说明：科学家们基于太阳——天气互动模式，预测出世界现在应该正在进入冰川时代，所以[A]为正确选项。[B]的错误在于对第七段第三句的理解错误。该句说明的是“太阳效应克服地球气候的惯性效应”，而非“地球气候的惯性发生效应”。[C]和原文内容相反。本文最后一句说明：目前二氧化碳的温室效应在对太阳效应产生抵消作用（counterbalance）。第七段第三句说明：延迟新的冰川时代的主要因素是地球气候的惯性作用，因此[D]不正确。18. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct,.[A] the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels[B] ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere[C] the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly[D] the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth[分析]本题考核知识点：文中细节推理题。文中最后一句说明：若此假说（关于冰川时代的延迟）正确，则温室效应可以对地球进入新的冰川时代起到遏制作用，这无疑是有利于地球的一面。所以，[D]为正确选项。[A]过度引申，文中仅仅提到大气温度上升有助于抵消太阳热量的减少，但燃烧燃料是否最好文中未提。[B]错误在于：北半球被冰覆盖不是冰川时代延迟的结果，而是冰川时代到来的后果。[C]属逻辑错误：冰川时代的延迟虽然与二氧化碳的温室效有关，但地球是否会“更快（even more）”变暖则文中未提。

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With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well as listen to it.随着BBC（英国广播公司）国际电视频道的开播，现在亚洲和美洲数以百万计的人不仅可以听到广播，也能看到它的电视新闻报道了。And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, ecation, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual license fee of ￡83 per household.当然，英国听众和观众可以收到两个BBC电视频道，五个BBC全国广播电台和几十个地方电台。(佳句)每户每年交83英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years -- yet the BBC’s future is now in doubt.延续七十多年，BBC可谓历程辉煌，然而现在，BBC的未来却令人疑虑。The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.虽然至少目前，它仍可以以公办广播机构的身份生存下去，但它的作用、规模和节目类型却成了全英国争论的话题。The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-- including ordinary listeners and viewers -- to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.英国政府发起了这场讨论，它邀请每一位对BBC有看法的人——包括普通的听众和观众——对公司好坏进行评说，甚至可以评说他们是否认为公司值得办下去。The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.这样做的原因是BBC所持的皇家特许证于1996年到期，政府必须决定是让公司维持原状还是进行变革。Defenders of the Corporation -- of whom there are many -- are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” The BBC “ain’t broke,” they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word ‘broke’, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?公司的捍卫者为数不少，他们喜欢引用美国的广告口号：“如果没坏（broke），就不要修。”这里说英国广播公司还没有“broke”，意思相当于既然没有“broken”（跨掉）（它区别于broke的意思，broke表示“没有钱”），那为什么还要自找麻烦去改变它呢？Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels – ITV and Channel 4 -- were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels -- funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions -- which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.然而BBC将不得不进行变革，因为周围的广播世界正发生变化。商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进一步商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减劳务。但从长远来看会引起最大变化的是新的卫星频道的出现，它们的部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费。［精解］ 本题考核的知识点是：推理引申题。文章第一、二段描述BBC自开播以来其接收范围和节目类型已经非常广泛，这两段间用and 相连，表明一种顺承、并列关系，都介绍了BBC令人乐观的一面。接着第三段首句用yet表明与前两段有转折关系，yet the BBC’s future is now in doubt（BBC前景不明）说明了它现在面临的情况。因此，B选项为正确答案，其中原文的future和in doubt对应选项中的prospect和uncertain。新闻报道覆盖范围在第一段提到，是BBC值得骄傲的方面，而不是“问题”，故排除A选项。第四段提到，政府对公众进行调查，即邀请人们对BBC做出评价。而C选项则成了公众对BBC的调查。D选项在原文中未出现。技巧：议论文非常强调逻辑的严谨性，因此考生应特别注意表示逻辑关系的关联词或短语，如：although， though， but, yet, however等，从而把握作者的思路。［精解］ 本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题。解此题可采用排除法。A选项在文章第一段提到，“成千上万的亚美观众现在都能观看和收听该公司的新闻报道”，选项中的Far East就是西方国家对亚洲最东部国家的称呼。B选项和D选项都在文章第三段第二句提到，“BBC公司将作为国家赞助的广播机构而存在，至少暂时会是这样，但其地位、规模和节目类型却已经成为全英国谈论的话题”。文章只提到BBC自身的变革，而未涉及国际合作问题。故C选项为答案。技巧：原文中没有涉及的细节一般包括两种：一是文中根本没有提到；二是与文中其他内容相冲突。解此类题时常将选项和原文对号入座，将原文中提到的内容划线，表示是排除的内容；无法对号的即是答案。［精解］ 本题考核的知识点是：词义题。第四段末句提到政府进行民意调查的原因是：the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes，可见，royal charter和BBS的存在大有关联。解此题的关键是了解run out 的含义。run out 多表示“被用完，到期”之意，能和它构成主谓搭配的只有C选项。英国是君主立宪制国家，与女王签约表明BBC是国家办的广播公司，而非私营企业。技巧：对句中词汇或短语的释义，要根据上下文所给的信息进行推理和判断。文章第六段首先指出BBC不得不进行改革，接着陆续给出原因：它周边的广播业正在发生变化；政府广播法的实施迫使电视商业频道进一步商业化，进而使广告业相互竞争，降低成本，减少劳务；但是从长远看，带来最大变化的将是新的卫星频道。实际上，原因可归纳为两点：电视频道进一步商业化的趋势和卫星电视频道的出现。最后一句使用强调句型It is the arrival...which will...the biggest changes...，强调后一原因更具重要性，其中biggest与选项中的foremost同义。因此D选项是正确答案。A、B和C选项都是和前一原因相关的内容，但不是最主要原因。技巧：因果关系中的主要原因也是常考点。考生需要在众多原因中辨别主次，注意词汇（如mainy, chief）和句型结构（如强调句）的暗示。补充：no other than意为“就是，正是”。如：He is no other than my old friend Jones.他就是我的老友琼斯。

It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they're not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world,” or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something，we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.人生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。没有经历失败的人可能生活得过于谨慎，以至于也不会有什么成就。简单地说，他们根本就没有真正地生活。然而，失败的美妙之处在于，如何看待失败完全取决于我们自己。我们可以选择把失败看作是“世界末日”，或者是我们能力不足的证明。或者，我们可以把它看作是难以置信的学习经验，它经常是如此。每当我们在某件事上失败时，我们可以选择寻找我们应该学到的教训。这些教训非常重要，它们是我们成长以及避免再次犯同样错误的方式。失败只有在我们允许的情况下才能阻止我们。失败也可以教会我们一些关于我们自己的东西，如果没有失败，我们永远也学不到这些东西。例如，失败可以帮助你发现你是多么强大。某些事情上的失败可以帮助你发现最真诚的朋友，或者帮助你找到通向成功意想不到的动力。