The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.超市的设计目的是吸引顾客在超市内尽可能长时间的停留。The reason for this is simple:原因很简单The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy.你在店里待的时间越长,你看到的东西就越多,你看到的东西越多,你买的东西就越多。And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.超市里有很多东西。The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.根据食品营销协会的数据,平均每家超市有大约44,000种不同的商品,而且有很多超市有比这多数万件。The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.可供选择的数量之多足以使购物者陷入信息过载的状态。According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.根据脑部扫描实验,如此多的决策要求使我们很快承受不了。After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,在大约40分钟的购物之后,大多数人不再挣扎于理性的选择,and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.而是开始冲动性购物,在这时候,我们把50%从来不打算买的东西放进购物车里。
2020考研英语二翻译【真题原题】It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they are not really living at all But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up t0 us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something; we can choose to look for the lesson were meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they are how we grow, and how we keep form making that same mistake again Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人生中不经历一些失败几乎是不可能的。但是,失败的美妙之处在于,如何看待失败完全取决于我们。我们可以选择把失败看作是 ”世界末日 ”,或者我们可以把失败看作是常有的的极好的学习机会。每当我们在某件事上失败的时候,我们可以选择寻找我们应该吸取的教训。这些教训非常重要,它们是我们成长的方式,也是我们避免再犯同样的错误的方法。只有我们选择放弃的时候失败才能够阻止我们。失败也可以让我们更好地认识自己,如果没有失败我们决不可能认识到这样的自己。比如,失败可以让你发现你有多么强大。在某些事情上的失败可以帮助你发现你最真诚的朋友,或者帮助你找到意想不到的通往成功的动力。-----------------------------------分割线-----------------------------------------------------对完答案,不论结果是好是坏,希望你能放松心态。人生时时都在面对考试,所谓考研,也不过是人生考试的一部分,所以,一定要坚强面对,加油!20考研已经完了,21考研的小伙伴也该准备起来了,这里给大家推荐一些考研英语专用书单:单词书:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》(按考频划了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词4类单词,重点记频考词和基础词,挺省时间的。)真题书:英一只推荐《考研真相》,英语二就用《考研圣经》(真题文章都是逐句图示细讲的,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂文章,还有就是排除干扰项,提高做题的正确率,适合基础弱的人用。)写作书:英一《写作160篇》,英二《写作宝中宝》(很适合英语基础不太好的同学,里面有总结高分词汇、基础句型,还有经典模板之类的,可以先从词、句、段、篇开始学会写作文,然后再学习书里话题、句式、模板、思路,写一些有亮点的高分作文。)
英语一 翻译2019英语一翻译讲述医疗杂志文章质量下降这样一个现象,并分析了原因及危害,以及呼吁我们应该做什么。这和考研英语作文一样的结构——提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。我们来聊聊考察语言点的变化。首先,49题考查对虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。这是英语一1997年以来首次考查复杂虚拟语气的翻译!这表明,不能因为历年真题没有考查过就认定不会考。考生需要掌握英语所有常见语法知识点,方可应对英译汉。其次,47题考查比较结构,这是历史上第一次考查带有倍数的比较结构,并且第二比较项中的"would have done"这种带推测的动词形式在翻译中几乎没有考查过,而且也不作为阅读理解的考点。所以考生并没有予以重视,预计得分率很低。然后是词汇方面。英译汉每年都考查大量的多义词、派生词和固定用法,今年也不例外。比如46题中的多义词"lay"、复合形容词"short-lived";49题中的多义词"associates"以及固定用法"in return for";还有,50题中的派生词"reprocible"和"incentivize"。以上都会给考场中紧张的考生造句困难。杨凡达老师预计今年的英译汉难度系数会在0.35-0.4之间,与去年持平或略简单。46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.参考译文:这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈,如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道,这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。难点1:"nonsense"。直接翻译成“废话”扣分,因为在这句中不是那层意思。原文前面说每周吃超过多少克的西兰花会导致年纪大了后更容易贫血。其实我们平常在新闻中看到类似的言论有很多。作者的意思是这些都是扯淡,没有严谨的科学依据。所以这里的"nonsense"译为“无稽之谈”要好一些。难点2:短语"take up"的意思是“接受并开始做/从事某事”。意思是这些广播电台听信了这样的说法就会如何如何。难点3:"the lay press"中的"lay"是难点,不是我们熟知的“放置、铺设”等的意思。"lay"在这里做形容词,表示“非专业的,外行的”,所以"layman"这个词表示“门外汉”。这里的"the lay press"指的是非专业媒体,大概就是那种野鸡媒体。难点4:"short-lived"可根据其本身和上下文来猜测其大概含义。"short"表示短,"lived"表示活着,所以"short-lived"大概意思是“短命的”,在这里引申为“短暂的,为期不长的”。47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.参考译文:现如今,任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量,是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。难点1:处理这句话中的比较结构。通读句子,我们大概得到的信息是“A是B的两倍”,只是如何把这句话翻的通顺是需要思考的。难点2:"would otherwise have been"是后半句的难点,"otherwise"字面意思是“否则”,但如果润色到位可以不用翻译出来。但"would have done"这种特殊的谓语形式,其实很多同学会觉得比较难。这个结构表示“合理推测”,在虚拟语气中经常出现,比如"I would have been a programmer but end up being an English teacher."(我本可以成为一名程序员,结果却当了英语老师)。在这句话中,用"would have been"表示如果是十年前,本可以怎么样怎样。48)Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's published papers.参考译文:人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势,比如除发表数量外,在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。难点1:被动语态"have been made"如何处理。我在翻译课反复强调被动语态的处理方法,主要手段有将“被”字转译为其它汉子或将被动语态转为主动语态亦或者总体换一个说法。考生在考场上需要做的是用这几种方法去尝试,合理通顺即可。这一句的"Attempts have been made to …"可译为“人们已经尝试…”。难点2:"as well as"。很多人以为这是“而且”的意思,可以代替"and",但这只是它的其中一种用法。我记得我在某课中讲解过"as well as"的另一种用法——表示“除…之外还有…”,在句子中充当定语。在48题中,如果我们将"as well as"理解为第一种情况,"some measure of quality as well as quantity"的意思是“某种质量和数量的衡量标准”。好像没太明白是什么意思,对不对?上下文告诉我们,因为只看论文数量导致大家拼命写论文而导致质量下降,所以我们已经采取了一些搜段来改变这种状况,那不就是应该在数量之外引入新的衡量标准,比如论文质量。所以"as well as"在这里符合第二种情况,表示“除…之外还有…”。考生在考场上需要迅速做出这样的判断,难度比较大,所以杨老师认为这0.5分很多考生拿不到。难点3:"an applicant's published papers"。这个语言点考得很细,考查过去分词的语义。过去分词可以表“完成”或“被动”,考生需要根据语境判断。这里所说的“申请者的论文”指什么?第47句告诉我们申请者需要在申请之前发表一定数量的论文。根据这一点,我们可以断定"published"在这里表示完成,那么"an applicant's published papers"指“申请者已经发表的论文”。49)This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.参考译文:这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章,或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。难点1:如何翻译虚拟语气(非真实条件句)?简单的诸如"If I were you, I would buy the car"(如果我是你,我会买这辆车。)很好处理。但49这一题比较复杂,其核心结构是"This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that …",大致可以翻译为“如果不是因为这样一个事实,这会是合理的”。不过,因为“事实”对应的内容非常长,而且“如果…这会是…”也不太符合汉语表达习惯,所以杨凡达老师将其润色为“这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,…”难点2:"associates"为多义词,通常做动词表示“联系”,在这里做名词用表示“同事”。难点3:"similar favors"。这个短语的字面意思是“相类似的好处”。如果不结合上下文,很难明白这个短语真正想表达什么。前文说“开始引入论文质量衡量体系”,这本是件好事。但所谓道高一尺魔高一丈,研究者会利用机制漏洞继续发表低质量作文,也就是"the fact that …"之后的内容。比如,他们会在新文章中引用自己发表的文章已增加影响因子,或者和同事约定好互相引用,也就对应到原文"get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors"(让同事写论文时引用自己的文章,好处就是自己也去引用对方的文章)。50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.参考译文:如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的,并且可以被后人反复利用,我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。难点1:如何翻译"reprocible"?这是一个超纲词,但并不“犯规”。意思是,这个单词由常见词根词缀构成——"re = again + proce = make + ible = be able to"。因此,这个单词的字面含义是“可再生的,可复制的,可繁殖的”,也就是“能够再次生产”。不过我们若将"our science is reprocible"翻译为“我们的科学是可再生/复制/繁殖的”显然不妥。那么,作者到底想表达什么?我们还需要借助上下文。整篇文章说医学界论文质量大幅下降,发表的都是“垃圾”,说明这些论文一文不值,对于社会进步没有任何帮助。而好的论文应该可被利用的,比如利用论文成果开发产品改善生活质量、或者给后续科研提供理论基础等等。所以,我将其翻译为“可被后人反复利用”难点2:超纲词"incentivize"。熟悉的配方,熟悉的味道,这依然是由常见词根词缀构成的单词。"incentive"是考研大纲收入的名词,意思是“鼓励、激励”,而"ize"是常见动词后缀,那么"incentivize"理论上可理解为“鼓励、激励”这个动作,而且这也符合原文语境。总结:英语一英译汉板块依然是整张试卷最难的板块,但在这部分上拿到不错分数也并非不可能。我们需要的是方法和态度。方法指的是了解英译汉命题规律和考点,比如一直重点考查的多义词、派生词和固定用法,以及今年首次考查的虚拟语气等。那么我们在背单词阶段的态度应该有所转变。比如,我们需要积累常见词根、词缀以便结合上下文猜测出超纲词的含义,我们还需要积累常见单词的生僻含义以及单词组合起来构成的固定用法(成语)。而且我们在做这些训练的同时,提升的绝对不只是英译汉能力,同时提高的还有阅读理解能力和写作能力。英语二 翻译It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.参考译文:英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书,我只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易,做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法,他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利,这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢,但他带个世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样,他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历,但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易,在文学界的成就也不例外。【详细解析】和2018年真题类似,这一年翻译文章是对知名人物的介绍,文字难度低,通俗易懂,难度基本与2018持平。英语二翻译总体难度比英语一低,但每年得分率也不超过60%,这是因为字里行间中有一些细小的单词、短语、结构较难理解或润色,而这些点是阅卷者阅卷时的重点关注对象,也是得分或扣分的关键。从2010-2019这十年翻译真题,我们不断得出一个结论:重视英语基本功。这指的是对英语单词在特定语境中的理解、掌握常见的固定用法、以及了解英语和汉语在表达时的区别等等。英语二翻译价值15分,不容小觑,希望2020考研考生认真对待。1. It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.这句话中包含的句型"It is easy to do something"通常译为“做某事很简单”,所以这句可直译为“低谷英国作家"James Herriot"很简单”。但这不够通顺,所以我们要对其润色,比如“英国作家"James Herriot"很容易被低估”,这就好比我们会把"It is easy to learn English"译为“英语很容易学”的原理是一样的。另外"James Herriot"这个名字可以不译,也可以根据读音译为詹姆斯哈里亚特(请参考007"James Bond"的译名)。尽管这个作家在国内早已约定翻译为吉米哈利,但译为“詹姆斯哈里亚特”不扣分。2. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.前半句直译成“他有如此的令人愉悦的、可读的风格”显然不妥。首先,我们在这里讨论他的作品风格,而不是他本人性格,所以"pleasant, readable"描述他的作品而非作者,因此我们可以将pleasant润色为“讨喜”,并将"readable"译为“通俗易懂”。3. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven't the time.”词句包含直接引语,这部分独立不可分割,我们可以先译出来——我可以写书,我只是没有时间。前半句的意思是多次听人们说这样一句话,所以整句话可译为:我听过多少次人们说“我可以写书,我只是没有时间”。也可以先翻译直接引语,再总结式地翻译前半句:“我可以写书,只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。4. Easily said. Not so easily done.省略句,源自成句"easily said than done"(说起来比做起来容易),原句为"It is easily said. It is not so easily done." 因为在这篇文章中,原本的成语一分为二,翻译时也可以如此断句——说起来容易,但做起来没那么简单。5. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”这句话包含两个插入成分。首先是"contrary to popular opinion"(与大众观点相反的是),这是一个句子状语,通常放在句首,偶尔像这句话一样,放在主语和谓语之间。在翻译的时候,放在句首符合汉语表达习惯。后面的"as he put it"(就像他所说的)是一个状语从句,但插入在of和后面的直接引语之间,造句理解困难。将这个成分剥离,我们可以看到剩下部分in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”其实是一个时间状语,修饰主干成分。在翻译"as he put it"时,要考虑放在整句话哪个位置。放在原句那个位置显然不妥;其实我们根据汉语的语感,这种表达要么放句首起引领作用,要么放句尾起总结作用,但句首已经有了“与大众观点相反的是”,所以两者都放句首造成冲突。那么我们考虑将"as he put it"放句尾,但这样一来无论怎么润色都不通顺,所以我们考虑将它放句首并将"contrary to popular opinion"从而润色为“这与大众观点相反”。如此一来,整句话就通顺了。6. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.连词"while"放置于句首,多半情况下表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。从句中"natural talent"字面含义为“自然的才能”,也就是“天赋”的意思。另外,"an abundance of"的字面意思是“丰富的,大量的”,但搭配“天赋”不够通顺。冷静下来想一想,所谓的“丰富大量的天赋”不就是“才华横溢”嘛。主干部分都主语说的是他的作品。"Polished"一词原本指“经过打磨的”,但修饰作品时则表示“精彩的”。7. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.连词"but"之前的句子不太好润色。"Many disappointments and rejections"直译的结果是“多次失望和拒绝”。我们需要结合文章背景来做进一步理解:这位作家并非年少成名,而偏向大器晚成。那么一个这样的作家在早期必然经历很多挫折,比如像J.K.罗琳那样写的很多稿件被出版社拒之门外,从而无比失望了,这不就对应到"many disappointments和rejections"嘛。那么我们可以将这部分润色为“他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿/稿件被拒的失望经历”8. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.前半句考查固定用法"earn … the hard way",意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法,但根据"the hard way"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"X be no exception",意思是“X也不例外”,这个短语在阅读真题中出现过,做过相应文章的同学应该不陌生,可以轻松翻译出来。最后,祝大家圣诞节快乐。
考研英语二翻译We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn’t expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often e to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.◆【参考译文】我们倾向于认为朋友和家人是我们交往、欢笑和温暖的最大来源。虽然这可能是真的,但研究人员最近也发现,与陌生人互动实际上会带来在情绪和归属感方面的意外提升。在一系列研究中,研究人员让芝加哥地区乘坐公共交通工具的通勤者与旁边的人搭讪。 平均而言,遵循这一指令的参与者比那些被告知安静地站着或坐着的人感觉更好。研究人员还认为,当我们羞于与陌生人进行随意的互动时,往往是因为一种无谓的焦虑,担心他们可能不想和我们说话。然而,很多时候,这种想法是错误的。事实证明,许多人实际上非常愿意交谈,甚至可能因为能得到你的关注而感到荣幸。21考研已经结束,打算22考研的同学,可以先准备啦!搜集复习资料【考研英语】单词:《考研词汇闪过》,按考频划重点,省时间真题:英一《考研真相》(4件套)英二《考研圣经》(4件套)基础打不牢,越学越煎熬英语基础弱(比如六级低分漂过的)直接用这个书,每个句子都图示讲解的(包括每个长难句),重点单词有解释,真的能跟着它看进去书,看懂文章这样才方便下一步做题。其他真题书都个别句子讲的,你能确保你看不懂的书上刚好很巧就能讲到吗专业课资料研招网或目标院校参考书复习方法笔记、历年真题可以联系往届学长学姐或到公众号搜集
Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they're not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible 1earning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something. we can choose to 1ook for the lesson we re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have 1earned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed .[参考译文]人的一生总要经历一些失败。有些人生活极其小心翼翼(谨慎)以至于他们那儿也没过。简言之,他们根本没生活过。但是,失败的美妙之处在于,这完全取决于我们看待方式。我们可以选择视失败为“世界末日”,或仅是我们能力不足的证明,亦或可以将其看学习经验,尽管有点让人难以置信。每次的失败,我们都能选择把它看作本要掌握的经验。这些经验十分重要,它们关乎我们如何成长以及如何避免再次犯错。只有我们允许失败阻拦我们时,它才会阻止我们前行。失败也让我们更加了解自己,而这些是我们之前从未意识到的。例如,失败让我们自己是多么强大,失败也能帮你发现真正的朋友,或者帮你发现通往成功的出乎意料的动力。真题出来了,答案对完了,心情还好吗?考研英语还是有难度的,加上考研人数年年增加,今年已经突破400万,后面的形势会越来越严峻。21考研的小伙伴要好好准备,尤其英语,每年放倒多少英雄好汉(捂脸哭)。不过还是相信人艰不拆,上岸书单送给大家:单词书《考研词汇闪过》,按照考频划重点,频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词,一目了然,清晰好记。真题书:英一《考研真相》,英二《考研圣经》,逐词逐句图解文章超详细,不用再翻工具书,英语渣的神助攻。作文书:英一《写作160篇》,英二《写作宝中宝》,高分词汇,基础句型,经典模板应有尽有,好背又好用。关注微信公众号“巨微考研英语”,获取更多备考资料!
对于英语二翻译的技巧,我们可以结合历年的翻译考研试题来总结一下经验。根据篇章翻译这样的题型特点,建议大家在看到一篇文章之后,首先通读全文,理清篇章逻辑。因为对于一篇文章而言,主旨是非常重要的,有些篇章会很规整,中心句就是首尾句,但是很多文章则不然。因此有必要在翻译前通读全文,得出文章主旨和句间逻辑关系,逻辑关系对于驾驭文章主要内容很重要。例如:Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. 在这个句子中,我们很多同学会直译—“在第三方支付者的保护下,我们要求尽一切可能为我们做的事情,即使它是无用的。”这样翻译结果往往很悲惨,因为这句话的逻辑很明显是不通的。很多人翻译完了以后,自己都不想再看一眼,虽然是“亲生的”,但是却无比嫌弃。其实,他们忽略了要“说人话”的重要性,“说人话”的前提是用符合目的语的逻辑组织语言。在这里,需要再次强调,在抓住主旨的同时,一定要理清句与句之间的逻辑关系,这些逻辑关系往往涉及到转折、因果、总分、对比和并列,有些文章的逻辑词比较明显,理解起来比较容易,但是很多文章则不然,和中文一样需要意会。就拿这个例子来说,实际上,这里面隐含着因果关系,可以翻译为:由于有第三方支付,我们不用为自己的医疗付费,所以我们要求一切可能做到的医疗服务,即便是没用的。把逻辑理清之后,我们要做的就是找句子主干,理清句子成分。在翻译中,如果把逻辑关系看作是一座山的话,那么处理长难句则是另一座难以跨越的高峰。但是,大家不用担心,任何长难句都是纸老虎。因为无论她们有多长,都源于“简单句+修饰成分”这样的结构。因此,我们需要去找句子的主干。例如:Behaviorists suggest that children who are raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop their capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 这个句子的主干不难找,Behaviorists(主语) suggest(谓语) that(宾语从句)。除此以外,在这个句子中,我们会发现单词并不难,难的地方在于有很多从句,很多人一见到这个就头疼。实际上,处理从句也是有技巧的,在英语中,如果一个句子结构完整,他往往是由一个主语和一个谓语动词构成,如果想要用多个谓语动词,则需要用连词来连接。因此,在主从复合句中,则存在“n个动词,n-1个连词”一说。知道这个规律后,我们可以发现suggest, are raised, are, develop和will这5个动词。相应地,也会发现有that, who, where, which这四个连词。只要弄清楚修饰与被修饰的关系,这个句子也就不难了。此外,大家还需要知道,连词往往会和后面最近的动词构成从句。因此who are raised、where there are、which develop可以构成三个从句,分别修饰前面的先行词children、environment、stimuli。分析发现,这三个句子都是定语从句,用来修饰其前的先行词。最后,还剩下一个连词that和谓语动词will experience,通过分析发现它们是一家人,构成一个从句。此时,我们也就得出该句的译文:行为主义者认为,在有许多刺激因素环境中长大的儿童将有更大的智力发展。简单来说,英语二的篇章翻译的重难点就是考察大家在掌握了一定量词汇的基础上,对篇章逻辑与句子主干的分析能力,在掌握了相关技巧之后,还需要大家通过大量练习以达到熟能生巧。
1, We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.1,我们不必学习如何保持心理健康,它植入在我们身上,就像我们的身体知道如何治愈伤口或修复骨折一样。2, Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.2,我们的心理健康不会去任何地方;像云后面的太阳一样,它可以暂时隐藏起来,但它完全能够瞬间恢复。3, Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.3,心理健康让我们能够待遭遇困难之人以同情,待痛苦之人以善意,无论是谁,都以无条件的爱待之。4, Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.4,尽管心理健康是治愈我们生活的良药,它让我们平凡的生活变得完美,正如你所见,它一直在指引你度过所有艰难的决定。5, As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.5,正如你将明白,知道心理健康是永远触手可及并值得信任,会让我们放慢脚步,活在当下,过得幸福。
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.想想在一条非常熟悉的路上开车。It could be your commutes to work, a trip into town or the way home.这可能是你去工作的路,去城里的路,或回家的路。Whichever it is, you know every twist step turn like the back of your hand.无论是什么,你都非常熟悉每一个迂回曲折。On these steps of trips it’s easy to lose concentration so that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.在这些路上,你很容易失去注意力,感觉旅途所花的时间比实际花的时间要少。This is the well-travelled road effect.这就是熟悉路途的效应。People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.在熟悉的路途上,人们往往低估了出行所需的时间。The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.这种效应是由我们分配注意力的方式造成的。When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.当我们沿着一条熟悉的路线行进,我们不需要集中精力,时间似乎过得更快。And afterward, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.后来,当我们回想起来,记忆模糊,因为我们并没有集中注意力。So we assume it was shorter.所以我们认为它更短。
2016年5月CATTI英语二级笔译真题英中第一篇Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was e to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.于1957年3月的某一天,当简古德尔在伦敦码头候船时,竟发现护照不见了。再过几个小时,她就要从此地出发前往非洲了。当然,这也是她首次前往非洲。古德尔有位校友已移民至内罗毕,居住于内罗毕郊外的一个农场。得知简儿时的愿望就是住在非洲荒野与野生动物朝夕相处后,便邀请简到自己位于内罗毕的家里小住一段时日。时年,古德尔年方22岁,为了攒够去肯尼亚之旅的路费,她耗费了两年时间,在英国南部家乡海滨城市伯恩默思做过服务生、当过文秘,并在邮局打临时工。而现在看来,这一切的努力看似就要付之东流了。It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”多亏有人捡到了她的护照以及护照内夹折的由库克(Cook)旅行社出具的行程单,还一并寄送到了库克旅行社——这才有了后来的保育工作与科学研究,并革新了我们对人类自身这个物种的认识,要不大家一定会好奇古德尔后来的人生轨迹又会变成什么样。一位库克旅行社代表手持这些证件材料,在码头找到了古德尔。“失而复得,这真是让人难以置信,”古德上个月告诉我时说,“这简直太不可思议了!这也太过神奇了!” Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.那个年月,内罗毕还是一座白人不为多见的小镇。在抵达内罗毕还不到两个月,古德尔就遇到了时任自然历史博物馆馆长的人类学家路易丝李基。李基随即要求她到馆里来工作。此后三年大多数的时间,李基都在考察古德尔能否胜任重复乏味的工作能力。He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).李基坚信查尔斯达尔文提出的假设即:人类与黑猩猩都拥有相同的祖先。他认为,在野外近距离研究黑猩猩,或许能找到些许有关于共同祖先的证明。换言之,他正在寻觅一位可与黑猩猩比邻而居的合适人选。有天晚上,他告诉古德尔,他找到了一个好地方即:位于英国殖民地坦噶尼喀(今坦桑尼亚)的贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区,古德尔可以在那里,与猩猩一同生活,朝夕为伴。In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.1960年7月,古德尔登上一艘小船,在温暖的坦噶尼喀深湖上跋涉数个小时后,终于踏上了贡贝湖的一个卵石滩。Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass — drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.1964年,《自然》杂志刊登了她的发现即:黑猩猩会使用工具—利用草叶从白蚁巢穴里掏白蚁吃。这个发现彻底地、永久性地改变了人们一直以来对人这个物种自身的看法:人类从此不再是这个星球上唯一会使用工具的物种。After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.古德尔耗费25年的光阴,以实现儿时的梦想。而后,突然放弃科研工作,转而成为一名环保人士。英中第二篇Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the planet could support life.周一发表的一篇论文称:科学家首次发现火星表面有盐水流过的痕迹。这些盐水的流动时间最近可追溯至去年夏天,这一发现为火星存在生命的可能性增添了砝码。Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists’ thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life.虽不清楚盐水源头来自何方,亦无从知晓盐水成份。但对于这个太阳系中与地球最为相似的星球,是否能为现存的微生物存活提供条件,科学家们的想法也将因为该发现而有所改观。The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft.科学家们发明了一项新技术,来分析由美国国家航空航天局的火星勘测轨道飞行器获取的火星表面化学成分图,从而有了此项发现。They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet’s equatorial region.在火星赤道区域的悬崖峭壁上,布满了条状的深沟。而在这些深沟中,科学家们发现只有火星上存在水,这些盐迹才能形成。盐需要有水的参与,才能存在。The slopes appear ring the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements.诸此条状深沟,只有在温暖的夏季,才会在火星上呈现出来。随着气温走低,深沟会渐渐消失殆尽。科学家们猜测这些条状深沟是因流水侵蚀而成,只是以前未对其进行测量过。Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements ring the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated.火星轨道勘测飞行器,在火星一天当中最热的时候,对其进行了勘测。所以,科学家有理由相信,即使火星上有零星的水体或者水合矿物,那也已蒸发殆尽。Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide.另外,火星轨道勘测飞行器上安装的化学探测仪器,其传输回来的详细信息,不会详尽到如此细小的条纹,因为诸此条纹的通常宽度尚不足16英尺。But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinize indivial pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.然而,欧贾与同事们一道开发了一款计算机程序,可对单个像素进行详细的分析。而后,再将这些数据与高分辨率的条纹照片进行比对。经过对其中最宽的条纹进行重点研究后,科学家们最终发现条纹位置与其含水盐的所在位置存在着完全的匹配结果。中英 第一篇人口问题归根结底是发展问题。人口的急剧增长,社会经济的迅速发展,给资源和环境带来了空前压力。我们要关注人口增长与经济社会发展的关系,统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题。At bottom, China’s population problem relates to its development. The increasingly surging population and the fast economic and social development have put unprecedented pressure on the environment and natural resources. We need to pay attention to the relationships among population growth and social and economic development, well solving the issues concerning population size, population quality and population structure and population distribution in a holistic way. 人口流动和家庭结构变化将对公共服务和社会治理带来挑战。大规模的人口流动成为推动社会变迁的主要力量,同时也加快了家庭的小型化、多样化、离散化。With the population having become highly mobile and the household structure having changed, the government will meet challenge in offering public services and governing. The massive population movement is a major driving force behind social changes and it also has increasingly made the structure of households small and diverse and family members live far away from each other.我们要大力推进流动人口基本公共服务均等化,着力提升流动人口服务管理水平,确保流动人口公平公正地享受城镇公共资源和社会福利,全面参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活,实现经济立足、社会接纳、身份认同和文化交融。We need to work hard to improve equality for the mobile population in terms of public services and enhance our management, thus ensuring that those on the move have equal and fair access to the same resources and benefits enjoyed by urban residents and that they can take full part in Chinese political, economic and social and cultural life, so that they can be financially independent, be accepted by society, recognize their own identities and be culturally integrated into local life.中英 第二篇本美术馆以收藏、研究、展示中国近现代至当代艺术家作品为重点的国家艺术博物馆,是新中国成立以后的国家文化标志性建筑。主体大楼为仿古阁楼式,黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶,四周廊榭围绕,具有鲜明的民族建筑风格。主楼建筑面积18000多平方米 ,共有17个展览厅,展览总面积8300平方米。The National Art Museum of China is national cultural landmark architecture after the foundation of New China dedicated to collection, research and exhibition of China’s modern and contemporary artistic works. Its main building, roofed with yellow glazed tiles and surrounded by corridors and pavilions, features the styles of ancient Chinese attics and traditional architecture. It, with 17 exhibition halls, covers an area of more than 18,000 square meters and boasts an exhibition area of 8,300 square meters. 中国美术馆现收藏各类美术作品10万余件,以19世纪末至今中国艺术名家和各时期代表作品为主,兼有部分古代书画和外国艺术作品,同时也包括丰富的民间美术作品。Now, the National Art Museum of China has more than 100,000 pieces of various collections, most of which are representative works of different periods and Chinese famous modern artists from the end of the 19th century to nowadays. Collections also include some ancient paintings and calligraphies and foreign artistic works as well as plentiful folk art works. 建馆以来,中国美术馆已举办数千场具有影响的各类美术展览,反映了中国美术繁荣发展的态势,也成为中国与国际艺术交流的重要平台。Since its establishment, the museum has held thousands of various exhibitions with influences, which not only reflect developments and prosperities of Chinese art, but also offer an important platform to artistic exchange between China and the world. 中国美术馆也注重通过网站及“数字美术馆”项目建设延展公众服务内容和手段,网站3次改版,建成10多个美术数据库,日益成为美术信息发布、检索与共享平台。Through website construction and project of “Digital Fine Art Museum”, the National Art Museum of China is expanding its public service contents and means, so that its website has been revised for 3 times to establish more than 10 art databases. Beyond all doubt, it has been increasingly becoming a platform for information releasing, retrieval and sharing.
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试已于12月21日举行,本次考试报考人数达到341万人,创历史新高。纵观近五年的考研报名数据,从2016年的177万,到2020年的341万,5年时间,考研报名人数已接近翻番。那么今年的题难吗?今天随文都网校小编一起来看看2020考研英语试题与解析,预祝2020考研学子考研成功!【2020考研英语(一)小作文】真题参考范文:(通知留学生歌唱比赛)【2020考研英语(一)大作文】参考范文:(良好的时间管理习惯)【2020考研英语(一)小作文】参考范文:向国际学生介绍历史景点)【2020考研英语(二)大作文】参考范文:(手机阅读)以上就是文都网校小编为大家整理的2020考研英语一、二写作参考范文哦,并为大家分享下考研英语一、二写作标准,大家可以根据标准预估自己的分数哦。英语一写作标准考生应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等,以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时,考生应能:1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;4)根据写作目的和特定作者,恰当选用语域。A节:考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。B节:考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。共20分。英语二写作标准学生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。A节:考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。B节:要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲,写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。共15分。2020考研英语一、二翻译答案小编也整理好了,快来看看吧~2020考研英语翻译真题及解析:英语一翻译】2020考研英语翻译真题及解析:英语二翻译2020考研真题答案解析正在更新中,快来文都网校看答案解析+考后估分;文都全名师各科目参考答案;试题难度、考点解读、考情分析。值得一提的是,文都考研英语名师考前对2020考研英语考试题目进行了预测,其中文都教育名师何凯文、谭剑波、吴扶剑、李明朗等成功进行了预测,预测到2020考研英语,其中包括考研英语(一)、考研英语(二)大作文小作文。你还在等什么?要考研,到文都。文都网校各科老师还会继续为各位考生进行讲解预测的真题,考生一定要及时的关注文都网校考研网。