2020考研英语二大纲原文

2021考研的同学们大家好，我们在9月初，如期的盼来了2021年考研大纲的发布。大纲是我们广大考生的复习指南，因此大家一定非常关注。我也是在第一时间就拿上了我们的英语新大纲，给同学们进行这一期的大纲解析。来说说变化的部分，那就是词汇出现了一些增减。先给大家罗列一下变化的词汇：增加的词汇：aftermath, aggregate, albeit, algorithm, align, archive, arena, artefact/artifact,, bearing, bolster, brevity, check, concurrent, configuration, contingent, convene, coronavirus, corporate, culminate, cumulative, deplete, deploy, deter, directly, discrete, discretion, drone, al, elicit, empathy, enquiry/inquiry, epic, equity, erode, facet, gadget, icon, imminent, inflict, Influenza, invoke, jurisdiction, lawsuit, lucrative, mandate, mentor, overt, tangible, temporal, transition, usually, variance, venue, viable, volatile, warranty, wary, whereby, worker, workout, sceptical/skeptical减少的词汇：acrobat, adjoin, amplifier, bosom, brim, brittle, brook, caress, defendant, disgrace, bious, fell, flu, fridge/refrigerator, gasolene/gasoline, highland, inlet, invariable, loudspeaker, mutton, Negro, overpass, piston, prick, quartz, quench, rotary, ruby, seaside, sham, shopkeeper, slit, snowstorm, tar, telegram, tramp, trolly, uproar, weld, wreath, zinc英语词缀也发生了一些增减，不过只要把这些变化的词汇掌握了，词缀的变化也就掌握，因此这里就不再单独列出变化的词缀了。对于这些变化的词汇来说，把它们记住是当然的了。但是，通过这些新增加的词汇，提醒大家把医学类或者健康了题材的文章多准备一下，或许有用！

今天，小编会接着昨天的进度，继续为大家公布第二个100哥考研英语词汇，大家要认真的记下来哦！欢迎各位考研童鞋关注，后续会继续公布最新词汇表！

2020考研大纲刚刚出炉，考核内容以及要求并没有发生变化。所以考生们就放宽心好好备考即可。另外，暑假是考研学子们精心复习备考的一个关键阶段，这样的一个阶段是你成绩飞跃和突破的关键期，因此我们就需要解决接下来如何备考考研英语的问题。下面笔者总结梳理了2020考研英语复习框架，为各位学子指点迷津!总而言之，考研英语的整体复习顺序是阅读——完形填空——翻译和作文。一、先从阅读下手哲学上讲，要善于抓住事物的主要矛盾。考研英语同样如此。建议各位考生在复习时要先从阅读理解开始。当然做阅读理解有一个重要的基础，那就是需要掌握足够数量的单词。合抱之木，生于毫末;九层之台，起于垒土。只有不断增加自身的词汇量，才能让我们在阅读英文文章时做到游刃有余。问一个问题，为什么要先从阅读开始呢?攻克阅读对于其他各模块的学习有重要的促进作用。阅读中包括各种句型短语，我们学习英语的语感也需要在阅读能力提高过程中潜移默化地形成，这种看似玄而又玄的能力在英语应试中通常会起着基础重要的作用。如何搞定阅读?首先业界盛传的一种方法是把英语阅读理解全篇进行逐句翻译。对于这种方法不同的人会有不同的见解。当然如果你时间充裕和意志力顽强可以尝试这种方法。不过，不管采取什么方法，做英语阅读的根本是彻彻底底地理解全文。做对题目不是目的，在日积月累中提升自己深度理解文章及解题的能力才是重中之重。阅读练习需要持之以恒地努力。阅读训练在于质而不在于其量。建议各位考生可以每天练习2篇阅读理解，并且务必彻底吃透这两篇阅读。同学们在做阅读理解时，可以把自己不熟悉的以及理解含糊的单词、不能理解的句型做上标记。等大家搞懂自己做错的题目以后，就可以来解决那些做过标记的单词和句子。最后需要再快速查看一遍文意，达到快速理解通篇文章意思的状态。做到这些才可以真正吃透一篇英语阅读。二、搞定完形填空很多人会建议考生们在英语考试时候将完形填空这个模块，留到最后去做。因为完形有两个特点：第一题量大，而且每个空的分值很低，只有0.5分。当然完形到底在什么时候做则可以根据自身实际情况来定。完形填空考查的不仅是一些固定搭配，还有特别关键的一项就是在近义词中选出最合适选项。近义词辨析从来都是让人非常迷茫的一种题型，要想做对它，就需要我们在日常背单词的时候，更多地去注意词的英文解释，以及其在句子中的具体运用。三、后期准备翻译和作文翻译和作文这两大模块应安排在中后期去准备。同学们可以规定每日的任务量，必须翻译几个句子。并且在进行翻译和作文训练时，必须要注意加以总结和归类，不能让练习流于肤浅。很多建议倘若不加以实践，必然陷于空谈，实际意义全无，希望各位考生能够发现适合自己的学习方法，并把这些方法真正应用到实践中去。最后，希望同学们在正确学习方法的指导下，砥砺前行，在2020的研究生入学考试中，金榜题名。

2020届考研大纲公布了一段时间了，管理类联考综合没有任何变化，英语增加了一些词汇，今天坤则MBA考前辅导中心就把新增的词汇总结出来，请各位需要的同学惠存。一，新增国家及其描述2020考研英语新增词汇（一）二，新增四大洋及描述2020考研英语新增词汇（二）2020年备考更多最新政策，备考干货请持续关注坤则MBA

考研英语大纲终于不负众位考生的期待而浮出水面，那么这次考研英语大纲较之前的大纲有什么样的不同呢？对于2020的各位考生又意味着什么呢？各位考生不要急，接下来，文都教育的考研英语老师就此次考研英语大纲变化及接下来的复习规划给各位同学详细解说。第一点：2020大纲新增了33个国家（或地区）的名称及相关信息，较2019考研英语（一）大纲只列举了25个国家（或地区）的名称及相关信息而言，我们不能难发现，大纲增加了要求记忆的词汇，也就意味着在今年的考卷上，我们需要“提防”那些原本为超纲词的名称，而现在已经是大纲要求范围内了。由此，各位考生则需要在之后的复习中对于外媒上发表的关于该些地名相关的文章加以重视。许多考生在复习时经常会增加时文精析这一项，这些地名的增加也就意味考研文章的选取可能会涉及到这些国家的时事。同时，这也对考研翻译增加了难度，考研英语一的翻译会涉及到众多体裁及不同主题的文章，因此，新增的国家及地区名也是在暗示考题的难度加大。但是各位考生也不必心存恐惧，考研英语考察的是考生的综合英语水平，因此，各位考生在熟记考研新增词汇后继续按照之前的复习方向展开即可。第二点：2020考研英语（一）、英语（二）大纲考试性质、考查目标、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构、评分细则均无变化。那也就意味着，大的考察方向及题型设置没有改变，这是最为可喜的。大纲大方向没有变化，历年考研英语真题仍可以作为考研英语复习的参考。同时，考生在接下来的复习中，需要继续将分数大户——考研英语阅读及写作作为复习的重点。得阅读者得天下，考研英语的分数高低绝大程度决定于考研英语阅读。同时，鉴于考研英语写作复习的高性价比，对该模块的复习时间偏重也需要有所注意。以上就是文都教育给各位考生带来的2020考研英语大纲变化的解读，以及对之后考研英语复习的影响。总而言之，考研英语大纲的考试性质、考查目标、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构、评分细则均无变化，这一点对于我们考生而言是喜闻乐见的，而对于新增词汇，各位考生也不必过于担忧。千里之行，始于足下，考研复习，就在今朝。文都教育预祝各位考生金榜题名。

2021全国硕士研究生考试大纲于2020年9月9日公布，作为考研公共课的英语而言，2021考研英语大纲总体而言并无太大的变化，更没有网上流传的新增题型的谣传。所以2021考研的学子，在英语方面的复习，完全可以按照之前的计划按部就班执行即可；当然，新大纲还是新增和删减了一些大纲词汇，在这里考生需特别留心！在这里，文都考研小编列举一些比较重要的词汇，如"concurrent（adj. 并存的；同时发生的）"，"contingent（adj. 依情况而定的；临时的）"，“algorithm（n. 算法； 计算程序）"，"mediate（v. 调停；调解）"，"convene（v. 召集，召开【正式会议】）"，"align（v. 排列整齐；使对齐）"等。考研英语此外，目前阶段，对于准备2021考研的同学而言，英语方面，最重要的复习内容应该是以下几个方面：一、阅读方面需要结合基础阶段和强化阶段的学习方法，以2008到2016年的真题为依托，分题型，系统化的练习。锻炼题目的同时，着重梳理每篇阅读文章的写作方式，生词及短语。当然最重要的一定要总结归纳每个题目中的同义替换！二、写作，这个方面是很多考生容易疏忽的方面！大多数考生都想着作文就是到最后背几篇模板，上去默写就可以。然而，实际上，近几年，阅卷老师对于模板的反感越来越大，完全套用模板，根本拿不到理想的分数，所以在此建议考生，就算是背模板，也要多背诵，还应对模板进行拆解，分析，总结，最终形成自己的一套“模板”。三、其他模块同样不能放松，需要结合老师的方法，多加练习，这样在考场上才能游刃有余！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2021年管理类联考考试大纲已经发布，很多考生担心大纲变动对自己的备考产生影响，在这里小编告诉大家，不要担心，英语（二）考试大纲与去年相比主要是词汇以及词缀的变动，对于考生而言总体上没有实质影响，大家按部就班的按照华是老师的上课复习进程即可。预祝大家联考金榜题名！2021考试大纲英语词汇和词缀变化附录 1 中的考研英语大纲词汇表由原来的 5497 个增加到了 5522 个，其中新增词汇 81 个，删减词汇 46个，同时还将 144 个词汇根据拼写和意思整合为 140 个词汇。新增词汇中增加了与新冠疫情、无人机、算法等相关的词汇，并删减一些词频较低的词汇，体现了考纲的与时俱进和灵活性。具体变化如下：1. 新增词汇词汇变化附录二中的常见前缀和后缀总数由原来的 116 个增加至 140 个。其中，前缀有 81 个，与 2020 年大纲相比增加 19 个；后缀有 59 个，与 2020 年大纲相比增加 6 个。且 2021 年大纲对于前缀的英文释义进行了扩充解释，而对个别的后缀也进行了整合，并替换或增加了一些前后缀的部分例词。具体变化如下：1. 新增词缀2.变动词缀MBA英语名师马红、查国生等老师编著的《英语高分突破》和《真题解析与模考套卷》华是学院英语名师 马红老师给考生上课的精彩场景华是学院英语名师查国生教授给考生上课的精彩场2021年考研英语（二）考试大纲I. 考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。MBA管理类联考英语名师马红、查国生等老师等编著的《真题解析与模考套卷》III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。(二)考试内容试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。第一部分 英语知识运用主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。第二部分 阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。A节(20小题)本部分为多项选择题。共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。每篇文章设5题，共20题。每小题2分，共40分。B节(5小题)本部分有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。备选题型包括：1)多项对应本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。2)小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。MBA管理类联考英语名师马红、查国生等老师等编著的《高分突破》第三部分 英译汉考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。共15分。第四部分 写作该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共2题，25分。A节考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。B节要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。共15分。02:12MBA管理类联考英语马红老师，精彩授课中备考择校详情可登录华是学院网站了解。

2020考研英语大纲的变化不太大，值得庆幸，考研英语词汇表没有增加新词。主要变化如下：（英语一和英语二一样）除此之外，大纲没有任何变化！我们的复习按部就班！以上变化可能引起的变化：1.翻译题中出现这些国家和地区的名字。2.阅读材料出现和这些地区相关的内容。所以我们不需要记得拼写。只需要知道单词和汉语的对应就好了！考研大纲的分向标如此，我们要看看相关一带一路的文章，中国传统民俗等也可以去了解一下。也许会在考试中涉及到。有备无患嘛，最新的考试资讯也可以第一时间去微博文都大班长那里去了解，资料也会发布。