2017考研英语词汇

9月下旬，当大家都沉浸在“无心学习，只想给祖国母亲的70岁庆生”的喜悦中时，高教社悄咪咪地发布了全国硕士研究生相关科目的考试分析。提到高教社，不少同学还是懵懵的，总是搞不清它到底是个什么神奇机构，所以，在进入今天的正题之前，小编先给大家普及一下何为高教社。高教社成立于1954年，是教育部主管、主办的以出版高等教育、职业教育、成人与社会教育等各级各类教育教学用书为主的大型、综合性出版社。和20考研、21考研最直接相关的就是高教社每年都会出版的考研大纲以及解析。高教社是官方的出版社，所以其公布的数据就是最官方的数据！对于考试分析，同学们有没有必要像考研大纲那样人手一本呢？其实小编个人觉得，了解一下具体数据即可，知道有这么一回事，然后继续投入复习中。 这次高教社发布的考试分析中，与我们医学考研息息相关的就是英语一了。2019考研英语一共抽取了32多万名考生进行统计分析，试卷总体难度结果如下（难度系数越大，题目越容易）图片来源：高教社英语考试分析书2019年考研英语一平均分48.59分，难度0.486，对比2017年、2018年平均分有所降低，难度较2017年升高，与2018年持平。2019年英语一试卷各部分试题难度比较如下图片来源：高教社英语考试分析书“英语知识运用”指的是“完形填空”。“阅读理解A节”指的就是我们常说的阅读理解四篇文章，每篇文章后面有5道选择题。“阅读理解B节”指的是我们常说的新题型。“阅读理解C节”指的是我们常说的翻译“写作A节”指的是小作文“写作B节”指的是大作文综合各题型来看，英语一的难度比较稳定，并未出现较大的波动。所以20考研的同学维持目前的英语复习状态即可，按照自己的节奏，背诵长难句、复习重点词汇、背诵英语作文，一步一步完成自己的复习计划，不用太过于担心。 随着距离初试越来越近了，同学们现在的心情想必也是十分紧张或疲乏，今天是正式报名的第一天，担心已经有同学还没有上战场就心生退意了。但是，并非困难使我们放弃，而是因为我们放弃，才显得如此困难。千万不要让本来努力就可以得到的东西，因为懈怠而失去了机会，觉得坚持不了的时候，请看看身边的研友，大家都在前进，你也可以。来源：医学生考研（ID：medpass）

[A] The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.狄更斯发现他的第一部随笔，《白杨庄晚宴》，在每月杂志上刊登的时候，使他热泪盈眶。从那以后他就用笔名博兹发表随笔，刊登在《夜晚记事》上，让他小有名气。sketch文学速写，随笔chronicle编年史modest轻微的，不太多的bring tears to sb’s eyes使某人落泪from then on从那时开始[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.《匹克威克外传》的巨大成功，为狄更斯赢得了名声。有匹克威克大衣和匹克威克雪茄，并且那个胖胖的，戴着眼镜的男主人公，塞缪尔匹克威克成为了一个享誉全国的人物。runaway success巨大的成功spectacled戴眼镜的plump胖胖的secure保证hero男主人公[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.《博兹札记》出版后不久，一家出版公司接触狄更斯想让他以每月连载的方式写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家西摩的木刻画的背景，他最初构想的这个故事。带着特意的自信，狄更斯坚称西摩的版画是为他自己的故事配图。在第一期连载之后，狄更斯给这位艺术家写信让他更改绘画，因为他觉得版画与他的故事不符。西摩做了更改，回到后院，用自杀的方式表达自己的不满。狄更斯和出版商直接换了一个新的艺术家继续工作，这部喜剧小说，《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》，在1836到1837年以连载的方式出现，并且于1837年首次出版成书。installment分期连载的部分backdrop背景originate初始characteristic独特的，特有的illustrate给…插图做说明prose散文posthumous死后发生的，死后出版的approach…to向…接洽be faithful to sth忠实于press on坚定地继续工作[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.对于很多人来说，查尔斯狄更斯可能是19世纪最有名最伟大的英国小说家，他是一个道德家，一个讽刺作家，和一个社会改革者。狄更斯精心制作的复杂的故事情节和突出的人物描绘了了英语社会的全景。moralist卫道士satirist讽刺作家craft精心制作plot情节striking吸引人的capture用文章准确表达描述panorama全景，全貌[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.他父亲从监狱出来后不久，狄更斯获得一个不错的工作——在律师事务所当跑腿，他自学速记，获得了一个更好的工作——在议会当记者和在法庭当速记员，在此时间，狄更斯用记者的眼光记录他身边的生活，尤其是有趣的古怪的事情，投了一些短篇初稿给那些不太出名的杂志。shorthand速记stenographer速记员obscure无名的，模糊的teach oneself自学submit…to…提交[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office -- a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.狄更斯出生于朴茨茅斯，英国南海岸。他的父亲是一个英国海军出纳室的职员，一个体面的职位，但是没有社会地位，他的爷爷和奶奶，一个是男管家一个是女管家，更没有什么社会地位，都是仆人，狄更斯后来隐藏了他们的身份背景。狄更斯的母亲据说来自一个体面的家庭，然而两年后，狄更斯出生之前，他的母亲的爸爸因为偷盗被抓而逃往欧洲，再也没有回来。家庭的日益贫困使狄更斯12岁辍学在华伦黑鞋油工厂工作，这家鞋油工厂的孩子们嘲笑他是“年轻的绅士”，他的父亲由于债务问题之后被关进监狱，他父亲入狱的耻辱和他在黑鞋油厂的当劳工的痛苦成为他此生最大的伤害也是内心最深处的秘密。他甚至都不对妻子吐露这个秘密，尽管这些经历为他的小说提供了潜在的基础。paternal父亲一方的steward男管家housekeeper女管家blacking黑鞋油imprison关押，监禁humiliation耻辱confide吐露（秘密），倾诉unacknowledged未被承认的pay office 出纳室shoe-polish鞋油be caught doing sth被抓到正在做某事[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.在匹克威克外传之后，狄更斯投入到了一个更灰暗的世界，《雾都孤儿》，他追踪了一个孤儿从济贫院到伦敦犯罪贫民窟的历程，《尼古拉斯尼克贝》，融合了雾都孤儿的黑暗和匹克威克的阳光，这些享誉盛名的小说奠定了狄更斯作为国内和国际著名作家的地位。belak阴郁的，凄凉的orphan孤儿workhouse救济院slum贫民窟consolidate巩固，加强combine A with B将A和B结合起来consolidate sb as巩固某人作为…的地位man of letters文人，作家做法：1.通读全文，确定本文是传记，传记就按照时间顺序排列2.从给的已知段落，寻找上下文，使逻辑衔接3.通读检验正确语序：DFEACBG

复习不谨慎，考生两行泪！考研英语那些不为人知的“陷阱”！今天小编继续和大家讨论考研英语的复习~有句俗话说得好，经验千万条，慎重第一条，复习不谨慎，考生两行泪。无论英语一还是英语二，在复习中，存在一些深而又深的大坑，无数的考生前赴后继地跌入其中，年复一年。而这都是因为这些同学面对一些前人的学习经验不够慎重，选择了照搬照抄，丝毫不愿意切合自己的情况作出改变而导致的，今天小编就为大家数一数这些“天坑”。1. 按照考试频率背单词？NO!考试大纲一共罗列了5500个单词，对于大多数考生而言还是较多了一些。于是很多同学就学会了按照某个词在十年来真题中出现的频率来背诵，以为这样就能够分清主次。随着有这种想法的考生越来越多，市面上也出现了按照考频排列的考研单词书。但这样其实是不够科学的，小编这么说，是因为这种方法不够效率。没错，这样其实是不够效率的。因为对于相当一部分考生来说，这5500个单词中自己可能已经掌握了两到三千个，具体的说，考过四级的考生在3500左右，六级考生则有4000个左右。而且，我们所掌握的单词恰好就是那些考研的高频词汇！换句话说，如果按频率从高到低进行背诵的话，反而是先复习熟词再学习生词了！这样当然是不够科学的。小编的建议是，先背生词，因为在复习初期，精力比较旺盛，更容易记住那些困扰你许久的长单词。2. 四六级高分=考研英语高分？NO!容易在这个问题上失足落水的同学往往不是那些基础差的同学，原因无他，那些同学通过四级也很困难，所以对考研英语往往不会抱有太高的期待。而四六级拿到高分的同学，往往会轻视考研英语，自觉英语水平不错。70分自然是手到擒来。殊不知，这些同学大多错得离谱。根源原因在于：四六级和考研，做题技巧不一样！四六级的考试深度是要比考研低级一点的，最典型的在于阅读理解。四六级还在使用关键词锁定题干句的方法，然后对比选项即可得到答案。但是这种方法在考研英语中往往行不通，因为命题人刻意地在选项中设置了反套路！而且，考研的阅读中作者态度往往比较“暧昧”，经常会出现峰回路转的情况，这就为我们做作者态度判断的题目造成了困难。最典型的是2017年考研英语一中乔治·奥斯本的那篇文章，不看到最后，你都不明白作者是反对他的！所以，四六级高分的同学，不要掉以轻心，还是从头学起，打牢基础吧！3. 阅读理解是光是电是唯一的神话？NO!我们一般说起阅读理解，不仅包括四篇阅读，还包括后面的新题型阅读，两者合在一起总共有五十分的分值，正好占据了考研英语的50％，无怪考生们都只盯着阅读了。但是，写作也同样重要！尽管大小作文加起来只有三十分，但是这三十分的难度可比阅读理解要小一些！阅读理解对考生能力的考察是多方面的，尤其是英语一，无论你把考纲的单词背的多熟，也一定会有5％的超纲生词让你头疼不已。很多时候即使是英语高分的考生，其阅读失分往往也在六分以上。而写作则不同，如果你下足功夫，丢掉的分数是可以控制在一个可观的范围之内的。因此，最好早点开始准备大小作文，先从背诵开始，中后期多写多练，相信会看到成果的！说了这么多，还是建议大家可以多和自己的身边同样备考研究生的同学多交流，寻找到适合自己的复习模式。小编也会在之后的时间里继续为大家带来关于这门考试的讨论。最后还是祝愿大家笔下有神仙相助，能够顺利地走进自己魂牵梦萦的学府！

Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决，但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑，麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等，已获得和政府接触的机会。The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his ties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”，或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会，除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力，否则那不成为腐败。最高法官如是裁决。The court did suggest that accepting favorsin return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”法院明确表示接受馈赠从而为其打开方便之门的确令人反感和恶心，但是在根据反贿赂法，证据证明必须得有确凿的利益，比如批准一个合同或规定，才构成受贿。仅仅安排会面，打个电话，主持一项活动不能算公务行为。The court’s rulingis legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compactunderlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”法庭的裁决在法律上合理的界定一种非犯罪的偏好，民选领袖必须允许帮助资助者解决官僚作风的问题，不用担心面临贿赂的指控，首席大法官JR说，代议制政府之下的基本契约是公共官员能够听从选民关切的事情并出谋划策。But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed toplay favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an indivial or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.但是判决强调市民和选民代表的要求，而不是法院的要求，确保对政府通道的平等性。官员不能因为个人或组织提供了竞选资金或个人馈赠就厚此薄彼，提供信息、安排见面等，这种形式的诚信需要政府严格执行透明政策，比如官方会议录音，游说规定，和民选领袖财富来源信息。Favoritism in official access canfan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each indivial.偏袒会煽动民众对腐败的理解，但是它不是总是腐败，相反，公务员需要避免“双标”，即对普通人和富人采取不同的标准，如果关系可以买来，民主社会的前提——所有人都被政府平等对待——就被破坏了。好的政府依赖于一个个个体的内在价值。The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.法院裁决是对腐败和公务偏袒斗争的一个进步。36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court划线句子表明法院[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s ties.避免给麦克的职责定范围[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.在麦克的定罪上没有妥协[C] was contemptuousof McDonnell’s conct.对麦克的行径表示蔑视[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.拒绝对麦克的行径评论37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves根据第四段 ，公务行为只有涉及（）才被认为腐败[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.提供具体的汇报给送礼者[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.可观的礼物收益 [C] leaking secrets intentionally.主动泄露秘密 [D] breaking contracts officially.公务上的违约 38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are法院裁决基于公务人员的（）假设[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.允许把重点放在支持者关心的事情上[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.有能力独自解决政府事情[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.有正当理由满足选民的要求[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.对于偏袒的指控免除定罪 39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to在政府透明度方面，需要强有力的法律来保证[A] awaken the conscienceof officials.唤醒公务人民的道德心 [B] guarantee fair play in official access.保证官方接待的公平 [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.允许某种程度的游说 [D] inspire hopes in average people.激发普通人的希望 40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is作者对法院裁决的态度是[A] sarcastic.讽刺[B] tolerant.容忍 [C] skeptical.怀疑 [D] supportive.支持答案：CCCBD

作为一个19考研上岸的“成功人士”，我英语其实还挺菜的，四级三次才考过，六级是毕业前抓住最后一次机会过的，这都能成功考上研，没让英语拖我后腿（英二71分），说明我的复习方法还是可以的，下面分享给你，以供参考。个人经验：考研复习时间本来就很宝贵，一定选对资料，并且要把时间用在刀刃上，记单词、学语法、做真题、练作文都是最要紧的，前期可以先学单词、语法和真题，后期集中复习作文。●●●考研英语复习书单：（1）单词书：我用的是《考研词汇闪过》，按照真题考频把大纲单词分类，有高频词、中频词和低频词，还有常考短语讲用法，这样背起来有重点，效率也更高，还能掌握单词的用法。我备考时间比较长，所以把所有单词都过了，考前背了差不多5遍，如果你备考时间比较短，就把高频词作为重点，背诵就好了，对于单词不会读，不知道用法的同学，有附带的音频和常考短语，可以跟着一起学习。（2）真题书：我用的英二《考研圣经》（考英一就用《考研真相》，同一系列），每个句子都有图解，重点单词也有标注，基础再差也能看懂真题文章；解题方面除了从题干分析找出正确答案外，还从选项分析，逐一排除干扰项，很容易就能锁定答案。如果基础不好还想提分，用这个很适合。其他真题书只挑了2、3个长句子分析，解题方面是已知正确答案套选项，从答案入手分析，为答案找依据，但是下次遇到其他题还是不会解。（3）作文书：英语二《写作宝中宝》，考英一的话，就用《写作160篇》。●●●考研英语学习方法：1、单词只抓核心如果你之前有自己整理过阅读中的高频词，容易混淆的形近词，现在开始就只背这些。做好计划每天背一些，争取在考试前背完3遍，3遍以上更好。如果之前的复习马马虎虎，也没整理这些，那就拿出单词书圈重点，只背高频词，《考研词汇闪过》里面已经按真题考频划分好了，直接背就好了，越到最后只抓重点，什么都想看反而一个都记不住。2、阅读注重基础做真题阅读没有基础，谈任何技巧都是耍流氓！真题需要精读精做，例如：（1）在平时练习阅读时，你可以用技巧，提高做题正确率。常用的是关键词法，先看问题，圈出有区别性的关键词，比如什么人，在什么地方，做什么等。带着这些关键词，快速浏览文章，找到关键词所在地，用你找到的答案，去和选项对照，找出更合适的那个。（2）但是这么做完一遍之后，你先别急着对答案。直接开始精读文章，一句一句读，把你理解的意思写在纸上，不会的底下画个线。和答案对照，把不懂的句子补上，也要看自己翻译出来的那些，和正确意思是否有偏差。（3）准备个专门的笔记本，把生词记下来，尤其要记它在语境中的意思。重视动词和形容词，因为我发现历年真题中，复杂名词出现重复的不多。当然，不是抄下来就完事，每天趁着睡前翻看一遍，加深印象，要是忘了的话，你做的工作就白费了。（4）每篇阅读至少读两遍，间隔一个月比较好。第一遍需要写到纸上，第二遍就直接口头翻译，看你忘掉了哪些单词，哪些句子结构还是离不清楚，对着答案再巩固一遍。做完真题，需要精读分析，我之前复习用《考研圣经》，里面真题文章每个句子都有图解，重点单词也有标注，基础再差也能看懂真题文章，适合我这样的英语渣渣，因为前期基础打的好，后面做题就更有底气了。3、作文多写多练背范文真的是个投资高回报低的办法，如果不是时间相当充分还是不要尝试了。找一本考研作文书，顺着上面整理出的作文命题重点，写作思路整理出几个自己的模板，不断去写去练就好。作文复习可以用英语二《写作宝中宝》，从词句段篇给你补基础，再通过练习话题查漏补缺，话题还划了重点，很适合基础弱想大幅提分的考研党用。考英一的话，就用《写作160篇》。我之前复习就总结了一点：大部分作文都可以用“描述图表-分析原因-总结展望”这个套路应付。稍作整理一个模板就形成了，以2017年作文为例：①第一段描述图表In the above chart, we can see clearly that the number of both museums and visitors has been increasing inrecent three years, with the former moving up from 4, 165 in 2013 to 4, 697 in 2015，and the latter rising rapidly from 637.8 million in 2013 to 781. 1 million in 2015.（sth近几年有提高，从多少提高到多少）②第二段提炼现象Through the above data, we find that people pay more and more attention to the cultivation of cultural quality（通过以上数据我们发现，人们越来越注重……）这一句一定要有，起到承上启下扣题的作用，如果你后面的原因是背好的套话，有了这一句就不会有套模板的嫌疑。The plausible reasons behind this phenomenon can be concluded as follows.（这背后的原因主要有以下几个）First, people's livingstandards are improved.（首先，人们生活水平提高了） When the basic subsistence problems have been solved, people begin to go after the improvement of spiritual life.（基本温饱解决就要追求精神生活）Second, With the development of economy, the government pays more attention to the development of cultural instry.（其次，随着经济发展，政府更加注重······的发展）③第三段总结展望All in all, increases in both the number of museums and visitors can not only contribute to improving the national cultural literacy, but also conce to promoting. （总之，这个现象有利于……和……） 这里的现象再次具体描述，紧扣题目，其余的都可以使提前备好的套话。 这样一来，除了描述现象的词需要随题目更换，其他的原因，展望都可以提前准备好，只要做到每段点题即可。后面就要不断用自己的模板去写去练，看看是不是适用大部分题目，小部分模板套不上去的就特别注意一下。关于作文部分，我的经验就是：多写多练，主题词尽可能多背，模板句、亮点词够用就好，千万别贪多！以上就是我的全部存货了，希望能帮到你！

2019考研我们一起努力前行百优学习网论坛复习资料汇总页面，每天我都会更新此页面的，大家关注此页面都可以。如果下面链接失效的话，请加客服微信：qixingshu008（百优）让其私发给您百度云链接，另外：为关注此论坛的亲，请关注此论坛【关注方法：微信搜索百优学习网（xuexi100u）即可查找此论坛哦！】还望没有关注的亲，请动动手指哦！19考研资料汇总2019年考研复习资料汇总拼 课一1、【拼课】新东方2019考研数学全程班2、【拼课】新东方2019考研英语全程班【一、二可选】3、【拼课】新东方2019考研政治全程班4、【拼课】何凯文2019年英语凯旋门全程班K男计划（何凯文、刘一男）5、【拼课】朱伟2019年《恋恋有词》最新版—重新录制版6.，2019考研政治（徐涛独家主讲）全程班视频课程7.【视频课程】韦林 了不起的盖茨比 朱伟8，.拼课韦林2019考研英语一、二保过直通车9.，拼课-专业课|2019年老吕管综弟子班（管理类联考199拼课）10.【拼课】肖秀荣2019年考研政治全程班（腾讯课堂同步）11.，拼课-专业课|徐莹2019年教育学333网络全程班（凯程机构12，拼课-专业课|徐莹2019年教育学311网络全程班（凯程机构考 研 英 语一1、刘一男2019年考研英语核心词汇2、何凯文2019年考研英语长难句（完整版）3、启航2019年考研英语全程班——长难句（主讲：刘晓燕）4、启航2019年考研英语全程班之基础班5【名师专项】2019年考研英语（刘晓燕）6.【启航英语】2019年考研全程班7.启航2019年考研英语全程班之基础班8.启航2019年考研英语全程班——长难句（主讲：刘晓燕）9.何凯文2019年考研英语长难句（完整版）10.刘一男2019年考研英语核心词汇（更新至15节）11.整编|考虫2019年考研英语全程班（持续更新）12.整编|文都2019年考研英语基础写作班（主讲：谭建波）13.王江涛十天搞定考研词汇电子版14.免费干货|文都2018年大学生英语【四级】资料15.干货|屠皓民2019考研英语全程班（沪江英语）16.干货|将军虎2019考研英语二全程班（持续更新）17.18年各机构四。六级 课程完整版 免费送18.历年真题 考研英语一 1980到2017 全19.历年真题 考研英语二 1980到2017 全考 研 数 学一1、汤家凤2019年考研数学高分规划（持续更）2.启航2019年考研数学全程班3.v研课2019年考研数学全程班（武忠祥、李永乐、王式安）4.文都2019年考研数学全程班（持续更新5.汤家凤2019年考研数学高分规划（持续更）6.文都2019年考研数学汤家凤专项（主讲：汤家凤）7.免费——沪江2019年考研数学全程班（主讲：杨超）→_→8.干货|启航2019年考研数学零基础教材精讲班（主讲：高昆仑）9.干货|文都2019年考研数学全程班（主讲：汤家凤、武忠祥、余炳森）10.免费干货|李永乐2019年考研数学全程班（主讲：李永乐）11.免费干货|考虫2019年考研数学全程班（持续更新）12.考研真题 和解析 数学一 1989 到201713 历年真题 考研数学2 89年 到17年全14.历年真题 数三 1987到 2017年 全考 研 政 治一1.免费干货|文都2019年考研政治全程班（持续更新）2.免费干货|腿姐2019年考研金牌政治全程班（主讲：陆寓丰）3.免费|石磊2019年考研政治专项（持续更新）4.干货|文都2019考研政治全程班—基础阶段（更新完整）5.历年真题 政治 94年到17年考 研 专 业 课 一1.机械设计 16.汽车理论2.有机化学 17.物理化学3.材料力学 18.信号与系统4.机械管理 19.发动机原理5.模电 20.结构化学6.分析化学 21.结构力学7.汽车构造 22.通信原理8.数电 23.弹性力学9.电路——石群 24.电力系统分析10.流体力学 25.生物化学11.运筹学 26.量子力学12.电磁场 27.社会学13.化工原理 28.新闻传播学14.自控 29.现代文学15.管理学 30.细胞生物学以上内容是我们本月的汇总，会持续更新，点击阅读原文获取以上资料！！！以上复习资料每天会更新的，大家有什么需要的话，请在此页面下面留言，或者关注微信公众号：百优学习网（xuexi100u）即可找到此页面。另外，此资料上面的收费课程，如果想购买的话，请加客服微信：qixingshu008（百优）咨询哦！

1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 强调句型 It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3. "All+抽象名词" 或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词) He was all gentleness to her.4. 利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime.5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。"They say that he had no university ecation, but he seems to be something of a scholar.(环球网校2017MBA联考英语重点句型总结)6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。 Those pigs of girls eat so much.7. as…as…can(may)be It is as plain as plain can be.8. "It is in(with)…as in(with)" It is in life as in a journey.9. "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。 The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.10."many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也以……"等。"might as well …as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。 One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

2019年考研已经走到复试的白热化阶段，距离2020年考研初试的时间只剩9个月的时间，2020年考研的同学们现在就应该有所行动了，今天小编就和大家聊聊考研英语应当怎样复习。考研英语更侧重阅读能力、对阅读能力要求比较高，文章中的生词、难词较多，句型结构复杂，长难句多，乍一开始接触会很不适应。各位考生如果要想在考研英语取得高分，那么就需要坚持不懈的努力和正确的学习方法。现在已经是三月底了，英语不好的朋友一定要早点复习，尽早拿下英语！现在—4月底：考研英语更侧重考察同学们的读和写的能力，也就是一个理解，一个书面表达。同学们，无论你们的英语基础功底如何，所以在这个时间段汇总，小编建议大家好好背单词，单词是阅读的基础，如果从现在开始记单词的话，到四月底应该至少能记忆三遍以上。长难句就可以在记完一两遍单词之后就开始准备了。但是有些单词复习了好几遍，转头还是忘了，有些看着熟悉，但就是想不起来什么意思，有些知道意思，可一放到句子里照样看不懂，有些词根认识，单词却不认识！到底该怎么办?!背单词绝对没有捷径的，唯一的办法就是多看！把记不住的单词都抄在本子上，走路看、坐车看、没事干的时候就看单词！就不信不能把5500个单词背会！5月：考研英语阅读一共5篇，共50分，可谓占据的半壁江山。我们复习的重中之重在阅读，所以从4月开始，最好是每天研读一篇原汁原味的英语真题阅读。　首先将不熟的单词整理出来，然后再次通读全文，把任何读不懂的句子都单独拉出来，利用长难句学到的方法，力求所有的句子都能看明白，经典的句子最好能背下来，培养自己的语感。这时候每天做两篇就行，但是这两篇一定是把每一个句子每一个单词都能弄懂，这样才能起到想要的效果。在研读的时候一定要弄清整篇文章的结构安排，逻辑结构，每段中心句表达的含义。看答案讲解的时候一定要弄懂作者的态度和感情色彩，是支持还是反对？考研中会有非常多的态度题，所以一定要尽可能多的读懂细节，遇到不熟的单词或表达要用词典查找，记录在本子上。刚开始可能比较困难，坚持过一个月就会找到一些感觉，半年以上后你再拿到考研阅读会轻松很多。6月：精读1998年到2009年的阅读材料，在这一过程中，做题不是目的，对错不必在意，而是通过这种方式，加深对于单词，常考用法的掌握，练习自己解析长难句的能力。单词重点在于掌握高频单词和高频短语用法。句子的掌握重点在于解析出句子的主干结构。7月：完成最新几年的真题阅读，也就是2010—2017真题，重点在于了解题型特征和命题点位置，利用语境方式，盘活孤立单词，加强语法练习，主要就是了解一些方法的学习，学习各大题型的一些解题方法。8月：继续研究真题，研究历年真题的试卷结构、题型设置、题量大小、分值分布、难易程度、考查的侧重点（是注重基础知识、应用能力还是深度发挥)，是否存在偏、难、怪现象等。解读这些“潜台词”，有助于我们更好地把握出题规律，找准考研的“命脉”，真题一定要嚼碎嚼烂。9月：总结一些真题的规律、错题、常见的套路等，根据历年考研英语试卷规律，考研中密集考查的语法固定的有6种：定语从句、状语从句、定语后置、插入语、分词结构和并列句。这6种语法表面上看很是简单，其实不然，大家需要把这6个问题深入研究，吃透了才行。考研考生们应该结合语句进行训练，在训练中深度掌握语法规律，这对于翻译阅读中的长难句很有帮助。10月：开始每天练习一篇作文，大小作文交替练习，作文不要推到最后才开始，你根本就没有这么多的时间来背作文。作文在考研试题中占比很大，也是我们现阶段的复习重点，但是很多同学在作文的复习中依然存在很多困难，所以一定要提前准备，给不同题型的作文都分分类，然后背几篇、记住、记牢了！背只是基础，背诵模板只是作文备考第一步，如何仿写以及在思维、语言层面进行突破才是复习考研英语写作的得高分的关键之举！11月：开始练习18、19年的英语真题，同时开始准备完型、翻译、新题型，经过大半年的学习，只要阅读底子上来了，这些题型对大家来说都不在话下了。这个阶段要将前面的真题进行一次重新的整理分析，查缺补漏。坚持每天写作训练，背诵范文、片段。12月：这个时候就不要写新的题了，赶紧把错的题再看看、没有记牢的单词记住，最后希望大家规划好时间，每天至少拿出三个小时的时间复习英语，零散的时间用来继续背单词，考前吃的清淡点，稍微运动下，保持良好的心态和健康的身体，游刃有余的应付英语考试，祝大家金榜题名！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题