考研英语包括哪些题

最近收到了一名读者关于考研英语阅读题的反馈：今天在这里聊一聊考研英语阅读题。考研英语里面阅读题占了很大比重，可以说如果能做好阅读，考研英语就成功了一大半。那么，考研英语阅读题原文都来自哪里，难度如何？为了回答问题，我找到了今年考研英语一的阅读题原文，并对它们做了一些分析。考研英语一中与阅读有关的题目一共有四类：完形填空、阅读理解、信息匹配以及翻译题，其中完形填空有一篇文章（240-280词），阅读理解有四篇（每篇约400词），信息匹配（500-600词）和翻译题（约400词）都是一篇。也就是说，考生需要在考场上完成的阅读材料总长度接近3000词，这对阅读能力有一定的要求。下面是各个题型的文章来源：完形填空今年的完形填空题来自Psychology Today的一篇文章：Belly Fat and Your Brain，文章探讨了一个概念：流体智力（fluid intelligence），这是人的一种基础认知能力，与短期记忆以及逻辑思考等能力息息相关。作者指出，腹部脂肪的堆积会影响流体智力，她也因此强调我们要采取健康的生活方式以减少腹部脂肪的产生。这篇文章是比较常规的科普类文章，没有出现比较难的单词和句式。考研的同学也可以重点关注Psychology Today这一网站，因为去年考研有一道阅读题也出自该网站。Psychology Today虽然是一个心理学网站，但里面有各种主题的文章，包括自我提升、职场、人际关系、健康、生活技巧以及婚姻家庭等等，而且文章难度都不高，非常适合作为泛读材料。阅读题阅读第一篇文章来自英国《每日电讯报》（The Telegraph）的一篇社论，原文题目是：Passengers won't put up with ever-rising rail fares forever《每日电讯报》是英国一份很有影响力的综合性报纸，内容主要是关于英国本土的政治、商业、娱乐、体育以及社会新闻。《每日电讯报》在往年同样也有多篇文章入选考研阅读。这篇社论主要讨论了英国铁路涨价的合理性问题，并指出政府应该采取措施提高铁路服务质量，不然会对出行者不公平。这篇文章难度也不高，全篇没有出现复杂的单词和句式，总体来看比较好理解。阅读题第二篇来自于ScienceNews网站的一篇文章：How giving cash to poor families may also save trees in IndonesiaScienceNews是美国一家科普杂志，创刊于1921年，杂志主要以短文章形式介绍最新的科学以及科技进展，文章可读性很高。ScienceNews入选考研阅读的这篇文章主要谈论了一个很有意思的经济环保现象：印尼政府的扶贫计划无意之中保护了该国的森林。其中一个原因是贫困人口得到资助之后可以拿这些钱去购买粮食，而不用通过破坏森林去开垦农田。印尼的这一实践证明扶贫和环保有正相关作用。这篇文章难度也不高，平时有外刊阅读习惯的同学可以比较容易读懂。考研第三篇文章来源于《BBC历史杂志》的一篇文章：Smiling Victorians: why it’s a myth that our ancestors didn’t smile for pictures《BBC历史杂志》（BBC History Magazine）是英国一家历史期刊，致力于普及关于英国和全球的历史知识。考研节选的这篇文章探讨了一个现象：为何维多利亚时期（1837-1901）的人拍照大多板着脸，很少见到笑容？作者给出的解释是，在19世纪人们牙齿卫生状况普通不好，很少有人能拥有一口健康的白牙，因此在那时候露齿笑也被认为是一种缺少教养的行为，这也是人们拍照时很少露出牙齿的原因。这篇文章的单词难度不算高，比如第一段里面只出现了一个生词prudery（意思是“谈性色变的态度”）第三段里面也只出现了一个专业术语：daguerreotype（达盖尔银版照片），不过这一单词即使不认识也不影响句子意思的理解。第四篇相对有点难度，它来自于《洛杉矶时报》（the Los Angeles Times）的社论：Is net neutrality alive or dead? It’s hard to tell《洛杉矶时报》是美国一份很有影响力的报纸，创刊于1881，其在2016年的发行量进入全美前十名。它也是考研阅读的题源外刊之一。考研节选的这篇文章讨论了“网络中立”（net neutrality）的概念，所谓的“网络中立”是指在法律允许范围内，所有互联网用户都可以按自己的选择访问网络内容。“网络中立”要求平等对待所有互联网内容和访问，防止运营商从商业利益出发控制传输数据的优先级。比如美国电信运营商AT&T也推出了视频流媒体服务，如果AT&T利用其运营商优势将用户从Netflix 以及Apple TV导流到自己的平台上来，那么它就违背了“网络中立”原则。这篇文章比较难的地方是要弄清楚“网络中立”的概念，以及美国几个政府机构对此的立场，这需要我们平时对这类话题有一定的知识储备。信息匹配题信息匹配题来自《大西洋月刊》（The Atlantic）的一篇文章：How AI Might Actually Make Your Job Easier《大西洋月刊》也是美国一本知名度很高的杂志，上面经常可以看到一些深度长文，讨论文学、政治、科学与艺术等话题。这篇文章主要讨论了AI是否会导致员工失业的问题，这也是近年来的一个热点话题。跟传统观点不同，作者认为AI并不会导致大规模失业；相反，AI还能让人类工作效率更高，有助于员工发挥他们自身价值。这篇文章单词和句式也比较简单，理解起来不难。翻译题翻译题的文章来源比较特殊：它来自于一篇教育学论文，作者是Martin Trow，论文主要讨论二战后高等教育的发展情况。翻译题选取的句子对语法基础有一定的要求，比如其中有这样一个句子：And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher ecation extended to groups and strata that had not thought of going to university before the war.句子主干是：the demand extended to groups and strata，that rose in those societies这一部分是定语从句，先行词是demand，for entry to higher ecation作为后置定语修饰demand，that had not thought of going to university before the war这一部分也是定语从句，修饰groups and strata，strata这个单词一些同学可能有点陌生，它是stratum的复数形式，意思是“社会阶层”。句子的意思是：而且接受高等教育的需求在那些社会兴起，这些需求也触达了一些社会群体和阶层，这部分人在二战前从未想过去读大学。通过对上面考研阅读题源的分析，我们可以得到几个结论：（1）考研阅读的题源文章来源多样，外刊占据了极大比重，因此我们平时要保持外刊阅读的习惯，可以重点关注Psychology Today, The Telegraph, The Atlantic以及The Economist这几本外刊。（2）平时可以多关注一些社科类热点话题，比如互联网、AI、反垄断、共享经济等等，这样在遇到相关题材的文章时比较容易理解。（3）强化语法，加强长难句分析的能力，避免在阅读中出现读不懂长难句的问题。

2020考研英语今天下午结束，在考研英语考试结束后很多考生都在吐槽今年考研英语的难度太大，尤其是考研英语一的难度比较大，一些考生在考完了英语后已经决定要考研二战，一些考生考完英语后认为整个卷子自己就只会写作文而已，而英语完形填空、阅读理解、新型题、翻译题的难度都比较大，因此有部分考生认为2020考研英语一的难度为历年最高，比过去考研英语最难的年份还要难。那么2020考研英语一试题太难吗？考生：整个卷子就只会做英语作文。首先来分析考研英语一的完形填空来看，难度不是很大，至少完形填空的难度与过去十年的完形填空难度相比没那么大，考察的很全面，考生想要全部做对也很难，但是如果想做对一半难度不大。考虑到完形填空这部分题往往是考生最后才开始做，所以一些考生会因为时间紧张而慌忙做题导致错误率比较高，客观的讲完形填空难度和去年持平。其次分析考研一英语作文，考研英语一的小作文和大作文难度都不大，都是考生复习考研英语作文时候经常会面对到的话题，考生在考场上看到这些英语作文题目的时候，肯定不会那么的紧张，只需要把自己记住的短语词汇和句子正确运用就好。和2019考研英语一作文难度对比来看，2020考研英语一作文难度不大，题型属于常规题型。再次分析考研英语一阅读理解，在四篇阅读理解中前两篇的阅读理解难度比较大，后两篇的考研英语阅读理解难度比较小，如果考生一开始就做第一篇考研英语一阅读理解估计心理防线会崩溃，会影响考生的考研发挥，综合来看前两篇考研英语一阅读理解难度要比后面两篇考研英语一阅读理解难度高出30%左右，而2020考研英语阅读理解与2019考研英语阅读理解对比来看，今年考研英语一阅读理解难度要高一些，阅读理解比较差的同学在这部分失误比较多，想得高分不容易。最后分析考研英语一的翻译题和新型题，翻译题难度不大，会有一部分生僻单词比如文艺复兴的英语单词考生会觉得比较难，但是客观讲这个单词也属于考研常见的单词，考生不应该不认识这个单词。翻译题的长难句、词汇和往年相比难度有提高自己但是难度不大，考生只需要正常发挥就可以。而考研英语一的新型题今年考生觉得比较难，在各个选项之中徘徊，不知道选择哪一个，个人认为新型题的难度比去年考研英语一的新型题难度大，很多学生很容易在这部分题失分。综上所述，2020考研英语一整体难度并没有突破历年之最，也并不是最难的，具体来看考研英语一的完形填空、作文题、翻译题难度与往年一样，但是阅读理解和新型题给考生带来了难度，因此2020考研英语一试题难度与2019年考研英语一相比确实难度有所提高。

考研英语是考研初试几个科目中很重要的一门，下面几个问题应该要先考虑清楚。01明确英语想要最终拿多少分？学姐经验：首先，我们应该明确考研是一项择优录取的考试活动，我们必须要发挥自身的优势，避开自身的劣势，在考研初期就明确自己对初试四大项的时间分配。对于中国语言文学专业考研的学子们来说，一般有三类学生：一类是英语基础较好，想要在初试中获得一个较好的英语成绩——即75分左右（一般是英语一，如果考英语二即80分左右）的同学。另一类是英语基础一般，想通过复习能达到不拖腿的成绩，即60分左右。还有一类是英语基础较差，只希望在考研中完成过线目标的同学。相信大家现在已经基本确定了自己的考研目标院校，除此之外，大家还应该对照前面我们说的那三种给自己的英语一个定位，然后确定自己最终的目标是过线、不拖腿还是给自己加分。当然，这只是最开始的一个定位，在此基础上，我们还可以对自己的学习能力进行评估，推测通过学习我们可以达到怎么样的提高，心里有数以后才不会慌哦。总之，任何事情都是目标先行，大家一定要带着目标去做下一步工作。02 做好准确且具有操作性的计划学姐经验：前期大家搞清楚自己英语的目标以后，就要做好规划了，毕竟专业课和政治也不可忽视。关于复习时间，每年都会有学弟学妹问几月复习英语比较合适，事实上，不管几月都会有学子问“现在复习来不来得及？”我们应当明确，你打算复习的那一刻去做才是最好的回答，别人给你的肯定或否定都是无用的。因此，四月伊始，只要做好准备就可以开始系统的复习英语了。在每日时间安排上，可以安排早晨读背单词，下午或晚上抽一小时左右复习基本语法/长难句等。四月英语的复习目标是什么？一般来说大家会以六月为分界线，六月以后开始逐步进入真题部分，六月之前我们复习英语的主要任务都是打基础！！！打基础！！打基础！重要的事说三遍。英语这一门考察的是一定的词汇量和英语阅读理解能力，没有好的或者说合格的单词储备量看不懂文章，甚至猜都猜不来显然是不行的。所以大家在四月一定要耐着性子坚持的选一本单词书，结合app背一遍单词，结合一些网课的语法课程回顾一下语法。总结一句，重在坚持不在多，大家在规划时一定要注意这一点，不要一开始留给自己很大的压力，循序渐进会更加妥当。03每天都要看英语学姐推荐：读到现在大家可能觉得有些老生常谈关于这几个问题，但是还是要谈啊，重要的东西还是坚持！！！这也是很多学长学姐考研胜利的经验真谛。计划落定以后，必须要落实！为了防止自己散漫不完成，学姐给大家几个监督自己完成英语复习任务的小方法，大家可以结合自身的情况试一试。1.伙伴激励对赌法。找一个志同道合的研友或近期有需要长期准备英语考试需要的同学，约定每天互相打卡，以一个月为一个打卡期限（时间太长实施不了），如果一方未做到就给对方买一件想要的东西。欲望的激励是使我们坚持的动力，而且以一个小的时间段做期限就非常有可操作性。刚好有研友的学弟学妹们可以考虑一下。2.自我激励满足法。如果你的考研是一个人的孤注一掷，那么相信你的自我信念感就足够战胜一切。这样的学弟学妹可以给自己准备一个打卡的本子，每天完成英语任务就自己画个标记，一天一天积累下来看到自己的成果会增加自我实现的满足感，也会对目标更加坚定。3.每天起床第一步，先背单词看会书。对于以上两种情况都不符合的，既无研友也不自律的学弟学妹，在确定考研目标以后就以第一个24天为期限，让身体习惯代替学习需求，形成一种学习英语的身体自觉，这样才能让学英语成为日常的事而不是任务。当然，每个人的情况都是不一样的，根据自己的情况和目标，合理的完成规划里的任务才是最好的。学姐想告诉大家，考研是一件痛苦的事，学英语可能成为有些同学的噩梦，但是只要我们想想坚持下去会有成功的可能性，那么为梦想奋斗的痛苦都将是有声有色的。Everyone pursues his dream, everyone acts.（人人逐梦，人人行动。）

建议早点开始。很多人一般是从暑假开始的，其实有点晚，除非你本身基础足够好，或者真题只打算做1-2遍，不然暑假开始根本来不及。刷真题可不是简简单单把题做一遍就完事了！每篇文章、每道题都要精读、精做，刚开始一篇文章精读下来花费3h时间都是非常正常的。一、真题包括哪些年份按照我用的真题书《考研真相》的最新版来说，一般分为3个部分：基础加强版（02-08年），共7年真题。年份比较久远，不管是解题思路还是命题角度都跟现在有很大差距，建议只做阅读和完型部分。以积累单词和语法为主，不必太过纠结准确率。高分突破版（09-15年），共7年真题。题型和命题角度都趋于稳定，需要重点做。所有题型都要做，不光要吃透文章，还要了解命题人的命题套路，总结解题方法。考前冲刺版（16-21年），共6年真题。这部分是最有价值的真题，前3年可以跟高分突破版的一起研究，后3年的留到最后半个月做模拟训练。二、真题阅读的刷题方法第一遍刷什么？主要是梳理文章结构、生词、长难句、语法结构。①第一遍可以不要求速度，但一定要保证5道题的做题时间不要中断。②逐词逐句分析文章，保证每个句子的每个单词都认识，每个句子的语法结构都清楚。前面提到我自己用的是《考研真相》这套真题书，个人非常喜欢它的解析，是一句一句挨着讲的，还是这种图解的方式，语法结构一目了然，基础再弱也能快速理清句子结构，根本不用再上什么网课、看什么语法书，一本逐词逐句的真题书（《考研真相》）就足够了。英二是《考研圣经》，一样地逐词逐句讲。③遇到非常复杂的长难句，可以直接抄在本子上，自己练习拆分，后期也可以复习来看。第二遍刷什么？主要是理解作者的行文思路、总结解题方法。①第二遍可以计时做题，每篇阅读不超过20分钟；②根据每篇文章前面的“篇章结构”关系图（《考研真相》里），理清作者的行文思路，重点把握文章的结构，是总-分，还是分-总，各段之间是什么关系，每一段的中心句、主题句在什么位置等。③慢慢总结解题方法，一般出题顺序跟文章段落顺序是一致的，你得知道怎么抓关键词，如何定位到原文，如何通过选项判定最终答案。第三遍刷什么？主要是摸清命题人的命题套路，总结破题技巧。①越到后期，越要按照时间要求来做。最好把英语复习时间也安排在下午2-5点（考试时间），以便于养成这个时间段做题的感觉。②真题之所以参考价值极大，是因为浓缩了好几代命题人的套路精华，尤其是最近几年的真题。在哪里挖坑，怎么挖的坑，设置了哪些干扰项，都有什么样的规律……这些都要慢慢摸索出来。比如常见的干扰项一般都是无中生有、张冠李戴、夸大或缩小范围、原词拼凑等等。总之，考研英语刷真题越早开始越好、每一遍做到极致最好。

考研英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion instry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion instry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their indivial worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion instry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion instry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion instry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular instry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion instry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion instry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Instry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Instry’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] graally destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s procts are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s procts as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s procts as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its procts.33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking instry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Timesceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future，”the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Timesshould’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy proct.”The most loyal customers would still get the proct they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print proct, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Timesis doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly e[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy proct”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful ring transitions-- when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to rece decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有B选项as well as 表示并列关系。其他选项意思与原文内容不符。2、【答案】D decide on【解析】根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词，空格后面的宾语是"…配偶"，所以根据动宾搭配的原则，D选项 decide on可以与后面的宾语，构成通顺语义：选择配偶。所以D项正确。3、【答案】C arrange【解析】此题考查的仍是动宾搭配，空格处后面的内容the marriage negotiation，只能与选项C arrange构成通顺语义，"安排…磋商"，故选C。4、【答案】A In theory【解析】根据空格后面的内容，得知女孩可能会否定她的父母为其所选的配偶；句中的may 表示的是一种可能性。所以，与原文句子内容表达一致的，只有A选项 in theory。5、【答案】C after【解析】空格处所在的句子是现在完成时，逗号后面的内容是一般现在时，所以根据时态判断，前后内容存在时间上的先后性，所以C选项after正确。6、【答案】A into【解析】原文：each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _______ a good family. 每个家庭调查另一个家庭，确保孩子娶或嫁到一个好家庭。此处需要填入一个介词，嫁入另一个家庭，介词选择into最合适。故选A。7、【答案】C but【解析】若要判断此空的答案，需要看到前后文的具体含义和逻辑关系。空格上半句说：原来传统婚礼持续三天，后半句说：到20世纪80年代婚礼通常持续1天半，显然前后文形成了对比，故选C。8、【答案】C recite【解析】原文：Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and______ prayers of blessing.佛教神职人员提供一个简短的布道和__________祈祷祝福。四个选项中只有recite prayers为其固定搭配，意为"诵经"。故选C。9、【答案】D tying【解析】原文：________ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, 把浸泡在圣水中的棉线______在新娘和新郎的手腕。A folding 折叠； B piling 堆积；C wrapping 包裹；以上三项均不符合文意，故选D项tying，绑，系。10、【答案】B passing【解析】原文： around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union.在一圈婚姻幸福美满和德高望重的情侣中_________一根蜡烛来祝福他们。根据语境，A lighting，点亮，C hiding隐藏，D serving 服务;均不合适，只能选B passing 传递。故选B。11、【答案】D union【解析】该句讲到：围坐在新婚夫妇身边祝福他们的____. 根据语境可知应填入团聚的含义，四个选项中union可以表示团聚之意， 为正确答案meeting会议、会面，association联合、联盟，collection收集、集合，均不符合语境。12、【答案】 D live【解析】该句意思是：传统意义上讲新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们______长达一年之久。前文讲到新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，后文应保持一致性，"和他们生活在一起"故为答案live (with) 与……生活在一起，grow成长，part (with)表分离，反向干扰，deal (with) 处理、应对，不符合题意，故live为正确答案13、【答案】 B until【解析】该句意思是：新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们______长达一年之久，______他们能够在附近建造新房。空格需要填入逻辑连接词，前后为时间先后关系，故代入until，语义合理，"直到他们造新房之前都住在新娘父母家"。前后文无转折，可排除whereas然而。for表原因，if表条件，代入均不合理。因此答案为until。14、【答案】 A obtain【解析】该句意思是：离婚是合法的并容易______，但并不普遍。填入词应与legal感情色彩一致，故排除avoid（避免）及challenge（挑战，质疑），而follow（跟随）一词通常不与divorce搭配。选项obtain代入语境中，obtain a divorce可以表示获得离婚，搭配合理，语义通顺，为正确答案。15、【答案】C viewed【解析】该句意思是：人们______离婚的人是反对的。此处需填入动作，isolated隔离，persuaded劝说，viewed看待、视为，exposed暴露、揭露。代入文中viewed是最合理的，人们看待离婚的人持反对态度的。因此答案为viewed。16、【答案】D whatever【解析】此处空前有动词retain， 因此需要填入一个连词引导宾语从句， 并且与property搭配，共同充当从句中的宾语。因此排除A选项wherever"无论何地"和C选项whenever"无论何时"。B 选项"however"，作"但是"解，与句意不服， 作"无论多么"理解， 后面常跟形容词，而非名词。 而whatever 与property搭配，可以充当宾语从句的宾语，表示"一切财产"，因此选项D为正确答案。17、【答案】B brought【解析】此处需要填入一个动词，能和property 形成动宾搭配。A选项changed意为"改变"， B选项brought意为"带来"，C选项shaped意为"形成"，D选项pushed意为"推搡"。因此符合文意，能够和财产搭配的只能是选项B。18、【答案】A divided【解析】空格处是一个被动语态， 此处仍然需要填入一个与jointly-acquired property（共同获得的财产）形成动宾搭配的动词。A 选项divided"分割"，不B选项invested"投资"，C选项donated"捐赠"，D选项withdrawn"取钱；撤走资金"，均能和jointly-acquired property构成动宾搭配，但是此处的情境是讨论离婚时的行为， 因此A选项为正确选项。19、【答案】C shows【解析】此处考察固定词组。 A选项clear up意为"（天空）放晴；治疗；处理；解释"，B选项warm up意为"使变热；（使）更活跃"，C选项show up意为"显现，出现"，D选项break up意为"结束；使破碎"。后文提到离婚后，男士可以立即重婚， 而女士必须要等十个月，可知符合文意，并且能够和"性别歧视"搭配的只能是选项C。20、【答案】A while【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。上文指出，离婚男士在他再婚前没有一个等候期，空格后提到"女性必须要等待10个月"，显然，这二者之间不是因果关系，因此排除B选项 so that"所以"和D选项in that"因为"，也不是C选项once"一旦"所表达的条件关系，因此正确答案为A选项。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、【答案】[A] physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。根据题干first paragraph定位第一段，其中第一句France ,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion instry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.以作为全球时尚创新者为荣的法国承认已经失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利，说明法国以前制定的形体美的标准已不再适用，现在需要做出改变，故A选项为正确答案。22、【答案】[D] doing harm to【解析】词义题。根据题干关键词"impinging on"(line2, para2)，定位到第二段的第二句"They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health."（他们认为美女不应该以…健康的外表来界定）。该句承接本段第一句"Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives."其中，Such measures指代的正是第一段中阐述的"雇佣过瘦(excessive thinness)的模特会犯罪的法律规定"，且excessive一词表明了情感色彩是贬义的。因此，推断出impinging on对health是"有害的、不利的"，故选[D] doing harm to。23、【答案】[B] New standards are being set in Danmark【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位在原文第五段。由该段第二句可知，丹麦等国正在制定模特的标准。与选项[B]丹麦正在制定新的标准相符合，故正确。24、【答案】[C] showing little concern for health factors【解析】推理题。题干问的是"设计师似乎被CFW拒绝的原因"。根据题干关键词，回文定位到倒数第二段，其中指出"…enforcement is to deny access for designers…"，意思是"法案拒绝设计师进入CFW，它是由丹麦时装学院创办的。"，再根据该段前两句可知，丹麦时尚界同意关于模特的年纪，健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁，也就是说，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，也关注健康。而设计师一般都是以瘦为美，而忽视健康。综上所述，设计师被拒绝的原因是不考虑健康因素，故选[C] showing little concern for health factors。25、【答案】[A] A challenge to the Fashion Instry's Body Ideals【解析】主旨题。首段指出法律要求时尚界不能用过瘦的模特，接下来的段落重点说明时尚界的模特同时还需考虑年纪，健康以及其他方面的因素等。因此这篇文章的中心是围绕对时尚界理想体型观点的挑战，故[A] A challenge to the Fashion Instry's Body Ideals正确。Text 226、【答案】A is not reflected in politics【解析】事实细节题。根据题干"英国大众对于乡村的观点"，可定位于文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将"乡村"和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列选为英国让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。A选项"is not well reflected in politics"在政治中没有得到很好的体现是对原文意思的同义替换，故选A。27、【答案】D graally destroyed【解析】事实细节题。根据题干很明确能回文定位到文章第二段。该段通过第一句的"a century ago"和后面的"later"可知是在做古今对比。题干中问的是"now"，所以重点锁定在对比中的后半部分，而这部分中"They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it."一句表明现在的National Trust已背离了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已经消失了。D选项 graally destroyed正是对这一意思的表述，故选D。28、【答案】C Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation【解析】推理判断题。回文定位到第三段，该段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点（及第一段中提到的观点）的态度：基本都不赞同。最后一部分"only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land"该句说明只有Ukip这个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。C选项正是对原文的同义置换，故选C。29、【答案】D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas【解析】本题属于观点态度题，根据George Osborne 可以定位到文中第五段。文中提到George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. 后面一句还提到He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. 通过这两句话可以看出GO是比较喜欢rural的，而通过两个against 则可以看出对urban areas的prejudice. 故选择D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30、【答案】C the town-and-country planning Britain【解析】本题属于观点态度题，根据最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第一句Development should be planned, not let trip, 说明发展是要有计划的，不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲Britain经过半个世纪the town-and-country planning有计划的发展，取得了很好的成效。故选择C the town-and-country planning Britain.Text 331、【答案】A uncertainty【解析】态度题。根据题干中的关键词Milton Friedman, CSR 可以定位到第一段开头处，米尔顿·弗里德曼认为："企业有且只有一种责任，为增加利润而运用资源，开展活动"。紧接着文章转折并提出"things may not be absolutely clear-cut". 情况并不明确。由此推知，作者对此的态度是uncertainty. A选项是clear-cut的同意置换。选项B skepticism怀疑和选项C. tolerance宽容，都无从得知，选项D. approval 支持，属反项干扰，故答案选A.32、【答案】D. winning trust from consumers.【解析】细节题。根据第二段，以及题干中的关键词CSR，定位文章二段内容，公司花大笔资金在CSR上面，其结果就是"this could add value to their business in three ways", "以三种方式分别给公司带来价值"。紧接着文章分别阐述三种方式，得出正确答案为D. CSR是通过赢得顾客的信任从而帮助公司获益。33、【答案】D less severe【解析】词义题。根据题干回文定位到第四段第一句。通过该段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影响是对立的两个因素。而第二句冒号后面交代，参与政治活动较多的公司不会受到较低的罚款。这就意味着，反而具有全面的CSR项目的公司受到的罚款比较低。因此，结合选项可以推出第一句话中的more lenient penalties指less severe，即不那么严重的（宽大）的惩罚。因此正确答案为D。34、【答案】B has an impact on their decision【解析】细节题。根据题干中的prosecutors evaluate a case回文定位到第五段第二句。该句指出虽然检察官在评估一个案件时，应该基于其功绩，实际上还是受到了公司CSR记录的影响。故正确答案为选项B。题干中的a company's CSR record是原文信息的复现，选项中的has an impact是原文be influenced的同义替换，their decision具体指检察官的评估决定。35、【答案】A The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown【解析】细节题。根据题干回文定位到最后一段。该段首句指出，研究者们承认他们的研究没有解决的问题是：针对CSR各大企业到底该支出多少费用。故正确答案为选项A，其中the necessary amount of companies spending on it（it指代CRS）是原文how much businesses ought to spend on CRS的同义替换，表达的核心都是"公司到底该支出多少费用"；unknown对应原文中的does not answer the question，对这个问题并没有做出回答。Text 436、【答案】[D] the high cost of operation【解析】从题干提取关键词ending和e to 定位到第二段主题句中的 incentive to ditch the print (放弃印刷的原因)。随后解释了infrastructure isn't just expensive （设备不仅仅是昂贵）。此外，该段还对比对手电子图书：don't have the same set of financial constraints（经济限制）。因此可以确定答案D： the high cost of operation 高昂的运营费用。选项A. The increasing online ad sales网络广告收入日益增加。该选项与该段 "And though print ad sales continue to dwarf their online and mobile counterparts"相违背。选项B. the pressure from its investors来自投资者的压力。该选项属于无中生有；选项C. the complaints from its readers读者的抱怨。同样是无中生有选项。37、【答案】[A] make strategic adjustments【解析】首先根据Peretti suggests定位到阐述Peretti观点的第四段第一句：Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.可以确定答案A. make strategic adjustments进行战略调整。选项B. end the print edition for good永远结束印刷版本。该选项和shouldn't不符。选项C. seek new sources of readership挖掘更多读者。文章中未提到。选项D. aim for efficient management提高管理效率。文章中未提到。38、【答案】[B] is meant for the most loyal customers【解析】本题答案定位到第6段第1句"The most loyal customers would still get the proct they favor"以及"make it for the people who are already obsessed with it"。其他选项"会降低报纸成本""有助于恢复报纸以前的辉煌""有助于报纸的流行和普及"这些信息文中均未提及。39、【答案】[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges【解析】根据题干中的"in a changing world"定位到文章最后一段最后一句. 原文说当市场和世界形势发生变化时，我们所做的事情就毫无意义了。在这种情形下，"more aggressive（积极进取）is better", 和答案中的关键信息"aggressiveness better"相呼应。其他选项意思原文中均未提及。40、【答案】[D] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good【解析】本文主要是讲述报纸行业为防止被淘汰的而需要做出的应对之策。根据文中第5段最后一句的"raise prices, and make it into more of a legacy proct"以及第6段中"increase it at a higher rate each year..."可得知，应该不应该立即取消或淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的一种产品，并且要不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品。Part B41、【答案】B （Decide if the time is right）【解析】该段中出现了表示时间的词汇和短语：ring transitions; in a period of , time。在不同的时间段，作者给出了不同的策略。浏览小标题发现，只有选项B出现了表示时间的词汇。再次回看原文，本段第二句中的good与小标题中的right也恰好对应，因此确定正确答案为B选项。42、【答案】G （Know your goals）【解析】该段首句提到"弄清楚你希望达到的效果"，然后以问句形式提出段落主题，接着分两个方面来阐述：目标不同，要求不同。本段第一句话中的"get clear"与小标题中的"know"属于同义表达，并且本段第三句话中the goal 与小标题中的goal完全对应，因此正确答案为G选项。43、【答案】D （Understand the context）【解析】该段第一句话提到"要像人类学家一样来考虑你的工作环境"，接着给出了几个排比的问句，都是针对工作环境的具体细节的发问。最重要的是在结尾部分，作者总结评论道，"The better you …, the more control you …"，意为"对文化背景理解得越好，对自己的影响力就有越好的控制"。很明显，这句话凸显了context的重要性，而且出现了关键词的复现understand和context。因此，答案选D选项。44、【答案】E （Work with professionals）【解析】本段按照总分的形式安排，并且在首句给出两处关键词professionals 和 share with，即"支持专家的意见，并且与其分享个人的目标"。下文是举例论述，例如去找私人造型师而不是理发师等。紧接着下文就给出 "work with a professional photographer"让专业人士拍照片而不是自己的朋友或者是配偶。因此可以得出结论本段是围绕专业人士professionals 的重要性来展开的。故选择 Work with professionals.45、【答案】F （Make it efficient）【解析】该段落主题句出现在转折之后，即"Instead, use it as an opportunity to rece decision fatigue."，其中it指代上一句中style upgrade。通过前后两句话对比指出目的是利用style upgrade作为机会来rece decision fatigue（减少决定疲乏），从而来提高办事效率。后两句话作为论据进一步论证这一观点，因此答案选F选项。Section III Translation46、【题目考点】宾语从句，被动语态【句子结构】分号连接两个句子：第一个句子主干为we don't have to learn，how引导宾语从句作learn的宾语，其中how表示方式；第二个句子主干为it is built into us，其中代词it指代前句提及的mental health；in the same way表示方式，that引导定语从句，其中又嵌套了how引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。【重点词汇】build sth. into sth.：使成为……的组成部分；heal：治愈；mend：修理，痊愈，愈合。【参考译文】我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。47、【题目考点】被动语态，并列结构【句子结构】分号连接两个句子：第一个句子为主谓结构的简单句；第二个句子为but连接的两个并列分句，表达转折关系，主干为it can be hidden, but it is capable of being restored，其中介词短语like the sun behind a cloud表示比喻。【重点词汇】temporarily：暂时地；hide：隐藏，藏匿；be capable of：能够；restore：复原，恢复；in an instant：立刻，立即。【参考译文】心理健康不会去往他方。如同乌云可能蔽日，心理健康可能会暂时隐藏于视线之外，但它完全可以在须臾之间复原如初。48、【题目考点】条件状语从句，并列结构，让步状语从句，介词短语【句子结构】本句主干为：mental health allows us to view others…，三个并列的介词短语with..表示伴随。其中分别嵌套了if引导的两个条件状语从句和no matter who引导的让步状语从句。【重点词汇】sympathy：同情；unconditional：无条件的，绝对的，无限制的。【参考译文】心理健康使我们在他人陷入危难之时给予同情，痛苦不已时给予善意，无论对谁，都能给予无条件的爱。49、【题目考点】让步状语从句，原因状语从句，宾语从句【句子结构】 句子主干是it is perfectly ordinary。it指代前文提及的mental health；although引导让步状语从句，其主干为mental health is the cure-all。as引导原因状语从句，其主干为you will see；that引导从句做see的宾语，其主干为it has been there to direct you【重点词汇】cure-all：合成名词，万灵药；perfectly：完全地，指程度；see：领会，理解。【参考译文】尽管心理健康是人们度过一生的一剂万能良药，但它又普通不已，因为当你需要做出艰难决定时，都可感受到它的存在。50、【题目考点】非限定性定语从句，动名词结构，宾语从句【句子结构】句子主干是knowing that…and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily。两个动名词结构knowing…并列作主句的主语，其中that引导的宾语从句作knowing的宾语。句首的as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，翻译时可以处理为"就像…，正如…"。【重点词汇】available：可获得的，可用的。【参考译文】就像你会渐渐明白，深悉心理健康一直触手可得并且值得信任，使我们能放慢生活脚步，活在当下，幸福生活。Section IV Writing51、【参考范文】NoticeFor better serving the international students, a notice is released here to provide the necessary information about the library.The university library opens at 8 a.m. and closes at 10 p.m. from Monday to Friday, but from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekends. If you need to borrow books, please follow the following steps. First, bring your student card and register first at the librarian's office. At most six books can be borrowed once from the library. You should keep in mind the days that you can keep the book(s) you borrow. Three months is the longest period. If you exceed the limited time, some fines should be paid.If you have any questions or suggestions about borrowing or returning books, telephone 010-8248119 or send an email to university@163.com. We sincerely hope you all enjoy the study and life in our university.University LibraryDecember 26, 201552、【参考范文】The above two pictures reveal two father's different teaching methods. In the first picture, the father is urging his son to study hard while he is smoking and watching TV idly. In the second picture, the father and his son are both concentrating on the study. The caption under the cartoon reads: "It is better to set an example than to make demands".Apparently, the author of the cartoon focuses on a fact that many parents when ecating their children tend to neglect the impact of their own acts upon their children. It is without any doubt that all parents hope that their children could have a bright future. Therefore, they tend to count on schools and the society to provide their kids with a good ecation. However, what they don't realize is that parents are the first teachers of children. Parents failing to set a role model for their children will only result in an unhealthy family atmosphere, which is definitely harmful to the future development of their children.From my perspective, ecation from parents is of vital importance to a child's healthy growth. Therefore, parents should provide their children with a favorable growing environment by being a positive role model. Only through persistent efforts and proper guidance can children enjoy a bright future.

正确理解历年考研英语真题重要性历年真题是考研复习最宝贵的资料，也是命题人参考的范本，更是考生最好的模拟题。通过对真题的学习使我们提高自己的英语水平、提高语言能力、提高应试技巧，最终提高我们的考试分数，是我们钻研历年真题的真正目的所在。但是很可惜的是，很久以来很多同学对真题的研究和重视程度不够。恩波教育考研英语专家提醒大家对真题的使用应该是多层次的、彻底的、全方位的，比如说做完题目之后一定要对真题进行反复的精读，应该要做到能够彻底读懂吃透真题的全部内容，从中找出考试的规律。原则上来讲，我们做一套真题可能只花三个小时，但是事实上大家要认真的去钻研透吸收一套真题里面所有的营养和知识可能需要10个小时，只有这样我们才能做到真正的融会贯通。做完真题之后切忌只对答案，我们答案的对错成败无关重要，关键是要把做的真题当中错了的或者说发现的有用的语言点、知识点进行提炼、分类、整理，然后才能对真题进行一个全方位的梳理和吸收。但是考研英语复习也不能只依赖真题，应适当的选用权威老师编写的考研资料。真题代表过去，不能够取代未来，每一年考研英语试题都能体现新的变化，另外以往命题也存在一些失误，或者说败笔，考生是无法甄别的。我们建议考生选用近几年的考试真题效果会更好（一般近5-6年的）。怎样精读考研英语真题要真正搞懂吃透考研历年英语真题，就必须对这些试卷进行“精读”。所谓精读，就是精细阅读的意思。这不是一种粗枝大叶，一目十行的泛读，而是一字不漏，通晓全文的精读。要真正“精读”达标，恩波教育认为用以下三个标准来衡量。第一、真题中没有一个单词是生词。这一标准强调的是词汇。有相当多的考研同学即便是在考试之前，单词的问题依然没有得到很好的解决。对于一个单词的形（拼写）、音（发音）、义（含义），我们要有一个从认知到应用的转变。考研英语，并不要求同学们有海量的词汇储备，但是，一些常见的形近词辨析却经常涉及，例如：intelligent ，intellectual，economic 和economical在含义上有什么差别？可能有些同学不能一下子反映上来。另外一点，一组词汇，只要其基本词在大纲上出现，那么它的所有衍生词汇都不能算是超出大纲。比如：critics, critical, critically, criticize, criticism 分别都是什么词性，都有什么意思，这也是考研英语考查大家的内容。第二、真题中没有一个句子是难句。在复习的过程中，一个备考者能不能做到，过去十年的考研真题中，任意挑出一个句子，就立刻能够看懂它，并把它翻译成汉语？考研英语中，理解起来比较困难的句子有两种，一种是长难句：一句话长达三至四行，里面从句套从句，绕来绕去，直到把你绕晕为止。这种句子大家都知道难，也对它们比较重视，而另外一些句子，看起来比较短，但一样费解。比如2005年阅读理解的第四篇中，有这么一句：In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. 这个句子并不长，但是要看懂，首先要有一定的词汇水平，triumph, spontaneity, 和craft要认识（其中craft考的还是一个不常见的意思）。其次还要看懂后半句的省略结构，而最难的是，要理解talk和speak两个词之间的微妙差别。只有这三点都做到，才能算合格，后面的题目也才能做对。第三、任何一道选择题，正确选项为什么对，错误选项为什么错，都能说得清清楚楚。前面两点，我们重点解决的是英语基本能力的问题，而这第三点，就是应试技巧的范畴了。考研英语100分中有60分是选择题。选择题的基本命题理念，就是用一些错误的选项来干扰大家的思路，从而考察大家在对和错之间的选择。我们如果想一步一步地修正自己的做题思路，让自己的思路和命题专家的思路高度统一，就必须不仅知道正确选项其正确在什么地方，而且还要明晰错误的选项凭什么错。这一点，说起来容易，做起来是耗时耗力的，据笔者的经验，真题细读标准中，这第三点对大家最有难度。考研英语，要说简单，也很简单。只要大家把过去考过的十年真题，按照以上的三个标准，吃懂吃透，再辅以少量的模拟试题训练，在考场上考到一个比全国平均分略高的分数是绝对不成问题的。因此，大家要有信心和毅力，更要坚持不懈地把真题细读进行到底！

关于考研英语备考，第一步就是选资料！一本好的真题资料可以帮你的复习开个好头，所以真题书对于考研党来说真的很重要。很多人在复习前，都会纠结自己要选哪一本？今天学姐就来帮你克服终极选择困难症——真题书就选《考研真相》！推荐指数：★★★★★适用人群：基础薄弱与基础好的小伙伴都可以使用，尤其推荐基础弱的同学用。内容包括：基础研读版+基础加强版（2001-2007）+高分突破版（2008-2014）+考前冲刺版（2015-2010）优点：1、针对句子看不懂，《考研真相》对每个句子都做了详细的图示解析，把复杂的句子分解为简单句，可以帮你分清句子主干，更容易看懂长难句；2、解析部分有箭头指示非常清楚，关键信息进行了加粗，重点信息一眼就能看到；3、每一个重难点词汇都做了讲解，有真题语境的话，更容易理解和掌握单词的具体用法。4、配有逐句翻译+全文翻译，想看哪个就看哪个，可以满足你的不同需要哦：①逐句解析不光一句一句图解语法、一句一句注释词汇，而且在英文原句后直接给出每个句子的翻译，帮助考生扫清阅读障碍、真正读懂文章。②全文翻译一方面有助于大家梳理行文思路、总结篇章结构，从整体上把握文章；一方面可以帮我们在研究解析时，快速定位到原文，然后找到与答案出处相关的上下文内容，更快找到正确答案。总结：不管是基础弱还是基础好的考研党都可以无压力使用《考研真相》，比如你英语四六级没过、六级500分以下、英语六级500+但做题过程中，不认识的句子超过3句的话都可以用这本，尤其是基础弱的考研小白，学姐墙裂安利你用《考研真相》备考哦！

考研英语分为英语一和英语二，但这其中的差别你知道吗？天任启航考研中心给大家总结了这几点，看完之后你就会彻底了解二者之间的区别了。接下，根据启航考研王老师一起来了解下吧！1、考试题材的不同英语一的题材没有明确的限制。英语二的题材有明确的限制，考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字资料，题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。英语二对能力考查降低了相关要求，英语二删除了“理解文章的概念性含义”和“区分论点和论据”这两条。此外“进行有关的判断、推理和引申”(引申在英语二中不做要求)。2、词汇要求的不同两者规定的考察词汇附录表完全一致，考察的深度不一样。英语二要求考生掌握5500个常用词汇和相关词组。规定了八个语法点，包括各个词的用法，和各种时态语句、从句的用法英语一的词汇不仅要满足英语二的要求，还要求考生掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等。以及搭配关系，还有词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。相对来说，英语一大纲关于语法的规定则较为概念化，没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，语法复习范围更为宽泛，任务量比较大。3、题型分布的不同一样的部分：答题方式都是闭卷、笔试满分为100；考试时间为180分钟；选词填空20题共10分；阅读理解20题40分不一样的部分：新题型，英语一七选五共10分，选小标题和排序；英语二选小标题共10分，正误判断和多项对应。翻译：英语一从一篇文章中选五句话翻译共10分；英语二全篇翻译共15分。作文：英语一小作文100词10分，大作文160—200词20分；英语二小作文100词10分，大作文150词15分。4、适用专业的不同英语一所有学术硕士(除了外国语专业)完全适用于英语一专业。英语二则适用于工商管理、公共管理、会计硕士、旅游管理、图书情报、工程管理、审计硕士等专业，当然也有一部分学校的要求会有所不同，大家可根据学校的具体要求来确定自己考英语一还是英语二。了解了英语一与英语二的差别之后，希望大家不论考哪一门，都能静下心来好好复习。天任启航考研中心祝大家都能考出自己理想的成绩！

考研英语一试题种类很多，目前市面上卖的很火的就是《考研真相》和黄皮书了，但是这两者还是有很大的差距的。下问是两者详细的对比，希望对大家有所帮助。一、《考研真相》和黄皮书共同优点现在要说的是这两本书的共同的优点，也是这些优点的存在让它们的销量翻倍，好评如潮。这两本书都是分层装订得，这样子很方便大家携带。同时，它们还采用了双色印刷，纸质非常好，让人感觉很喜欢用。都有英汉对照，英文居左，汉语居右，很方便对照查阅，还可以拿来练习翻译。此外，他们的翻译给出了试题的来源，英汉对照式的原文和译文。写作的话都给出了不同梯度的作文模板。二、《考研真相》和黄皮书的不同点要说他们的不同点简直太多了，先说最重要的一点吧！适用人群是有区别的，《考研真相》的适用人群是基础不好的人，而黄皮书则截然相反。下面具体说说两者的不同吧！1.文章讲解详略由于使用人群的不同，这两本书的粗略程度也是有着天壤之别的。《考研真相》里面的讲解很详细，很适合打基础。词汇注释和句子解析详细到每句话都拿出来讲，完全可以不用单词书和语法书。而黄皮书的话词汇注解相对简单，考生复习还得查阅字典等工具书，句子解析更是粗略，只对长难句进行了讲解，基础不好的人肯定不能很好的理顺文章，那么做题肯定答不对。2.答案解析详略《考研真相》和黄皮书的答案解析也是有很大的差距的。《考研真相》的答案解析讲解很详细，比如说它的阅读答案解析，从中可以学会用“回文法”和“排除法”进行做题。黄皮书中的答案一段落为单位，再每个段落之后安排了相应的考题，这样子割裂了文章的连贯性，不利于考生进行复习。不过它的文章前面设置有“考题速览”，这个板块还是不错的，可以帮助你整体了解文章。三、到底应该如何选择会更好？现在的考生遇到的难题，大都是单词不认识，语法学不会，从而文章读不懂，更别提做题了，肯定是做不对的。要想解决这些困难，还是要解决基础问题的。话说到这里就很明显了，聪明的人肯定都知道自己该如何选择了。复习基础知识当然是要选择一本讲解比较详细的书，这样子自己才能看得懂，才有信心好好复习。