考研外语的题目

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

Instrial safety does not just happen.Company （with） low accident rates plan their safety programs,work hard to organize them,and continue working to keep them （alive) and active.When the work is well done ,a （climate） of accident- free operations is established （where) time lost e to injures is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may （differ) greatly in the amphasis on certain aspects of the program .Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding .Others stress safe work practices by （observing) rules or regulations .（Still) others depends on an emotional appeal to the worker.But,there are certain ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained .There can be no question about the value of a safety program .From a financial standpoint alone ,safety （pays off) .The fewer the injury （claims) ,the better the workman’s insurance rate .This may mean the difference between operating at a （profit ）or at a loss.这是1999年考研英语一的完型填空题，括号标出的是答案。如果把答案放到文章里，那么这篇文章的意思还是比较浅显的。但是，工作时间已久，当初本来不好的英语底子消失殆尽，即使是这么一篇简单的完形填空题，鄙人仍是错误百出。鉴于水平有限，该题的翻译我就不写了。再有四个多月，就要面临2020年考研了，我知道自己考上的几率不高，但是，每天还是会坚持学习。不为别的，大好的时光，大好的年华，不能整天过混吃等死的日子。人总得有点儿盼头儿。图示是选项，如下：

考研就像上战场，没有一件适合自己的兵器怎么行呢？但是市面上的参考书太多了，尤其英语这种老大难的公共课，到底什么样的书才是适合自己的？下面就来给大家列出，考研英语真题排行榜，帮你找到适合自己的参考书~TOP6《考研英语真题100篇》1这本书的内容讲解很丰富，100篇中的前50篇都是一字一句地讲解，而且所有的句子都有句子图解。2书中文章讲解的间隙有单词注释，本意是方便同学们理解文章，但是字号有点小了，看起来比较费功夫。3各个题型也没有特别系统的解题方法，仅对试题选项进行了分析，讲解稍稍有些繁琐。4真题不是很全，仅挑了100篇作讲解，考研肯定是要把真题都过一遍的，所以这本显得有点鸡肋。TOP5《真题真练》1全真考场排版，字号，字边距，页面布局都是严格按照考试要求来的，还配备了答题卡。虽然很多书也说自己是仿真排版，但考过就会发现，多少有些出入，这个就完全不会。2价格便宜。四十多块钱，真的太便宜了！3答案讲解也很详细，每道题都有详细的选项分析，告诉你选什么，为什么，讲的还是很有条理的，很易懂的。4文章没有讲解，只有译文。这个书主要是为了刷题，所以文章讲解方面比较粗糙，如果想要认真梳理文章，积累语法和单词就不太够用了。5单色印刷，看起来不是很清晰。TOP4《考研英语（一）真题超精读》1书中对真题文章的每一句都进行了解析，对必考词汇进行了注释。但句子讲解不是特别详细，语法讲解较简单，且均为文字讲解，稍显枯燥。2试题讲解比较详细，可以不断修正自己的做题思路。3双色印刷，中英对照双栏排版，清晰好查。4句子是文字讲解，稍显枯燥，看起来不够直观。5解题技巧中规中矩，没啥亮点。6试题里有一些小的印刷错误，比如“breed”写成“bred”，不过没啥大影响。TOP3《考研大趋势(历年英语真题细解与复习指导》1同样是讲解真题，这本亮点是标注了真题文章来源，能帮我们全面了解真题选材的背景。2书里配有和词汇相关的“考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲”视频，也是免费的。帮助同学们梳理词汇，巩固记忆。3采用双色印刷，清晰直观。4相比于其他书籍，单词注释较简单，仅注释了单词词义和用法；句子只挑重难点的长句分析。5试题解析比较简单，更适合有一定基础的学生。TOP2《历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路》（黄皮书）1这本书的亮点是书里的“语篇分析和总结”版块，对文章的行文思路和句子间的逻辑关系讲得很详细深入，如果大家仔细研究的话对我们把握解题的关键点很有帮助。2.全书双色印刷，排版比较清晰。3对真题文章中的重点词汇集中做了注释（包括词义和经典搭配），方便直接积累单词。4句子讲解是挑选了文章中一些较复杂的长难句进行详细解析。讲解比较简洁直观，适合英语有一定的基础且理解这力较好的同学用，基础不好的人接受起来比较困难（曾经的我不愿意接受自己基础不好的人设，所以被虐了一遭）。5语篇分析虽是亮点，但是使用效果因人而异。在完全理解文章的前提下，我们能很快识别各个试题的命题陷阱，掌握解题的重点。不能完全理解文章的话，可能会干扰到你现有的解题习惯。TOP1《考研真相》1讲解详细！！！最详细！前面提到的书要么只精细的分析长难句，要么分析每个句子，但用的方法是文字讲解。只有这本做了结合，对最新20年真题文章的每一句都进行了比较全面详细的图解分析，一层层分析句子的主干和修饰成分。2对每个句子中出现的重点词汇也进行了详细注释（包括词性、词义、熟词僻义、词根词缀、例句等）。而且一大亮点是，它还标注了单词的重要程度，方便大家在复习的时候有侧重点的掌握。3它的解题方法比较系统，提出了一套完整的解题思路，路径一从题干出发，回原文找答案；路径二从选项出发，回文定位排除干扰项。所有题目都能用这两个方法搞定，简单粗暴，但是有效。4配有同步的名师视频课程讲解和真题录音。报辅导班什么的都比较贵，但这个配套讲解视频是完全免费的，基础不好、看不懂书的童鞋可以配合视频来消化知识点，学习效果会更好。每本书各有特点，适合不同人群，不同复习阶段使用，大家只需要根据自己的情况，选择适合自己的就好。

市面上有好多考研英语真题书，各有特点，各有受众。所以很多刚准备考研的小伙伴很纠结，到底应该怎么选真题书，下面就结合我自己的考研经历和身边小伙伴的用书体验，分析一下考研英语真题书应该怎么选。Top 1: 考研英语真题《考研真相》推荐指数：★★★★★核心优势：真题文章逐句图解优点：①文章讲解超级详细，20年真题，每一篇文章的每一句话都用了逐句图解的方式。②双色印刷，蓝灰相间，还是很赏心悦目的。这样编排重点突出，图解的句子结构更清晰。③题目讲解很系统，先给出了一套完整的解题思路，一方面从题目出发回到原文找出答案，一方面从选项出发，回文定位排除干扰项。不管什么题目，都能通过这两种方式解答，好上手且准确率高。④逐句解析册，真题册，题目解析册是分开的，方便携带和使用。缺点：对英语渣来说没缺点！！！英语还不错的话会觉得解析太多太繁琐小结：我身边人用的最多就是这本，可能因为我们英语都不好吧。逐句图解有多好用，等你被真题虐一虐就知道了。考研英语重在基础，一句一句讲解真题就是最好的补基础方法。使用建议：虽说书上有每个句子的分析，但还是建议先自己分析，然后对照书修正，这样提高更快。Top 2: 《历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路》（黄皮书）推荐指数：★★★★☆核心优势：文章逻辑梳理详细书籍分析：优点：①着重把握语篇分析，帮助考生掌握文章写作思路，从逻辑结构入手理解文章，解决题目②总结命题方法，帮助提升阅读速度；③图书印刷精美，字号大；文章的一些背景知识补充全面。缺点：①文章的讲解比较简单，只有少数长难句会图解分析，平均每篇文章2句。②长难句的图解也很简单，且同色印刷，主干和修饰成分没有明显区分。③没有完整系统的解题方法，只有简单的技巧点拨。小结：都说黄皮书适用英语基础好的，这话一点都不假，从书的解析侧重点就能看出来。文章只分析长难句，代表默认其他句子能读懂，不用讲；题目解析只有简单的技巧点拨，意味着已经有完整的解题思路，只是在技巧套路方面需要提高。这些潜在的要求，基础不好的同学是达不到的，所以很多人会觉得黄皮书难，考研英语难。使用建议：我室友用裸考过六级，她觉得黄皮书蛮不错，所以过六级的小伙伴可以考虑入这个。基础不好的话，黄皮书建议放在后期用，也就是你的语法知识，单词水平都有一定的提高，再用黄皮书学一学梳理文章逻辑的方法，也是可以的。Top 3: 《真题真练》推荐指数：★★★★☆核心优势：真题超全，价格美丽，不到50块书籍分析：优点：①便宜便宜便宜，重要的事情说三遍②采用真题排版，送答题卡。方便大家找到考场的感觉。③分册装订好携带。缺点：解析比较简单，文章只给译文，答案分析选项，仅此而已。小结：这个书最大的优势就是价钱，比复印真题还便宜，当然对应的内容会精简不少。使用建议：刚开始做真题这本肯定一点优势没有，比起前两个，瞬间秒杀！但是！后期刷题，这个简直是完美啊！价格便宜不心疼，可以买回来反复刷，后期也不太需要详细的讲解，它上面的解析就能满足我们。Top 4: 《考研大趋势(历年英语真题细解与复习指导》推荐指数：★★★☆☆核心优势：有地道的全文翻译，标注真题来源和选材背景书籍分析：优点：①详细分析历年真题文章的重难点句子；②分析篇章及逻辑，帮助考生理清文章思路，提高答题率；③标注真题文章来源，帮助考生全面了解真题选材的背景；④全文翻译：所有文章都配有地道的全文翻译。缺点：词汇注释和题目解析部分讲解稍欠缺。小结：这本虽然分析了文章中的难句，但没有系统分析所有的句子，说白了跟黄皮书一样，对基础有要求。好的一点是标注文章的来源和选材背景，这个可以帮助我们宏观的了解文化背景。其他文章讲解，题目讲解不如《考研真相》和黄皮书。使用建议：英语基础好的小伙伴可以选这个。Top 5: 《考研英语真题100篇》推荐指数：★★★☆☆核心优势：真题文章详解，部分有图解书籍分析：优点：①分册装订，针对性较强。②内容讲解详尽，50篇逐句图解，50篇详细讲解。③里面的单词量比较大，注释直接标注在文章中，方便考生阅读文章。缺点：①书籍排版较乱，字号太小。②全解部分存在部分语法错误。④真题题目不全，只选取了部分真题做讲解。小结：这本其实有点鸡肋，虽说跟《考研真相》一样有真题逐句图解，但又只有一部分，不是所有真题，复习考研英语肯定是要把真题都做一遍的，用了它还是要找更全的真题书，一来二去还真题还买重了，有些尴尬~使用建议：备考比较早，还没有系统练习真题的话可以用这个，比如大三下学期之前就开始复习考研。反之就没必要用了，直接买完整的真题做就好。考研英语真题排行榜前五就是这些啦。选书主要看核心优势，如果一本书的核心优势正好解决自己的问题，那就放心用吧，不然别人说的再好也不要跟风买。英语真题书是这样，其他科目的参考书也是如此。

12月22日，2019年研究生考试开考，全国290万考生报名，创下10年来最高记录。第一天英语考试就难哭，“考研英语一难”，“debate是什么意思”连着两个考研英语相关话题上了微博热搜。 看到热搜话题，网友们纷纷表示：“看到大家都不会，我就放心了。”有监考老师看到卷子后都果断放弃了：不少人表示，根本没看懂，今年的题似乎不能按套路来……“感觉今年英语难出新高度，新题型半天选不出来，翻译题做得狗屁不通……和往年真题比也太难了。”到底是什么题目难倒了广大考生呢？根据考生回忆，英语一的小作文题目是，我为一个援助乡村小学（aiding rural primary school）工作，一个国际志愿者要求我写新告诉他项目的细节。许多网友表示，“只认识school”，“rural”什么意思?英语一的大作文是一幅图，两个爬山的人，一个想要放弃，另一个劝他坚持。根据图片写文章，要求简单描述图片内容，阐述图片表达的含义，并给出你的评价。考研二的小作文是一个教授让学生设计一个关于城市交通的辩论(debate)主题。很多考生不认识debate这个单词，拿到题目一脸懵。大作文是根据图表写文章，主题是大学生毕业去向。图表是中文的，描绘了2013年-2018年毕业生的几个选择，很多考生看到“创业”就懵了，不知道用英语怎么表达。那么，今年的考研英语真的有那么难吗？看看专家的解读。2019考研英语一真题小作文参考范文【参考范文】Dear friend,I am greatly pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to you to express my sincere hope that I can offer you some details about the project of Aiding Rural Primary School. The details are as follows.In the first place, the aim of this project is to help rural children in a poor financial condition to improve their English, which needs you make an English teaching plan in advance. In the second place, this project will be held at June, lasting about 15days, therefore it is essential for you to prepare some clothes and daily necessities.In the last place, importance should be attached to the role played by the language e to the fact that there is a few people understanding English, which needs you are capable of speaking basic Chinese.I wish my introction could satisfy your requirement, and look forward to discussing more details with you.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming【参考译文】亲爱的朋友：我很开心收到你的来信，我写这封信主要是为你详细介绍一下关于“援助乡村小学”项目的信息，细节如下：首先，这个项目是为了帮助乡村家庭条件不好的孩子提高他们的英文水平，需要你提前做一份英语教学计划，其次这个项目将在6月进行并将持续15天，因此你需要准备一些衣物和日用品。最后，由于当地的人基本不懂英语，所以你最好学习一些汉语的基本表达。我希望我的介绍回答了你想知道的问题，期待和你讨论更多的细节。你最真挚的，李明【解题思路】今年的小作文考得主要是关于一个项目的介绍，并给这位志愿者回信，那么这篇小作文可以写介绍信，在之前的考试中也有类似的话题，所以构思上还是很容易的。第一段主要表达一下自己收到来信的心情并表达一下自己这封回信的目的，第二段可以展开对项目进行介绍，比如项目的目标、背景、时间或者地点等，也可以拓展一些自己会写的内容，第三段就是常规的客套，希望这封回信能帮到对方或者在未来能与对方进行进一步的讨论。只要你有作文框架和思路，这篇作文还是很容易拿高分的。2019考研英语(二)真题大作文：毕业生去向【题目要求】48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)【参考范文】This bar chart depicts the changes of college students’ different choices after graation from 2013 to 2018. According to the data given above, the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased from 68.1% to 60.7% while the percentage of pursuing a further study in postgraate schools increased from 26.3% to 34.0%. By contrast, the change of the percentage of starting a business is not obvious.There are several possible factors which account for this phenomenon and the followings are the typical ones. On the one hand, e to the increasing emphasis on ecation, pursuing a further study has become much more popular for college students. On the other, it is the stress from fierce employment competition that makes college students realize the significance of enhancing their academic level and practical skills, which explains the reason why the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased obviously.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that this established trend is acceptable. And it is wise for postgraate students to broaden their horizons and to improve their practical skills ring postgraate study. Only in this way, can they be qualified for the future position.【参考范文】该柱状图描述了2013年至2018年间毕业大学生选择的变化。根据以上数据，找工作的比例从68.1%下降到了60.7%；选择继续深造的比例从26.3%上升到了34.0%。相比之下，创业的比例变化并不明显。导致上述现象的原因可能有多个，但接下来我要说的是最为典型的两个。一方面，由于对教育的重视程度越来越高，继续深造已经成为越来越多的大学生的选择。另一方面，激烈的就业竞争压力使大学生意识到了提高学术水平和实践技能的重要性，这也就说明了为什么找工作的比例会明显下降。综上所述，可以得出如下结论：上述所反映的既定趋势是可以接受的。但是，在读研期间拓宽视野并提高实践能力才是明智的。只有这样，他们才能胜任未来的工作。考研英语（二）题目如下：Directions: Suppose professor Smith asks you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him. 1）Suggest a topic and with your reasons; 2）And your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use “Zhang Wei” instead. Don’t write your address. (10 points)首先，从形式来讲，2019考研英语（二）小作文的出题形式基本和历年真题保持一致，给出一个简要的指导，且依旧延续了历年小作文两点提纲的风格。但是，不变中蕴含的却是变化，参加过考试的考生肯定在考场上就发现，2019考研英语（二）小作文的署名发生了变化，由“李明”换回了“张伟”。这又缘何说起呢？简要回顾2010年到2018年考研英语（二）小作文的署名，我们发现，从2010年到2012年，署名均以“张伟”的形式出现；之后从2012年到2018年，除却2015年的通知，均要求以“李明”署名结束。然而，2019再次换回“张伟”，这就提醒广大考生，考场上一定要仔细审题，不能放过题目中的任何信息，否则都会造成失分。其次，从难易程度上来看，2019考研英语（二）基本也和历年真题持平。题目是围绕一个有关城市交通的辩论展开的话题，具体来说就是一位史密斯教授让“你”制定一个有关城市交通主题辩论的计划，并写出你对整场辩论的安排。“城市交通”是贴近考生生活的话题，所以，针对这一话题，广大考生不用担心缺乏行文思路，导致难以落笔。其次，有关辩论的安排，仔细分析，跟2013年以及2015年考研英语（二）小作文有相似之处。2013年是关于慈善义卖活动的电子邮件，2015年是招募志愿者的夏令营的通知，涉及活动必然要求写明活动起止时间、持续时间以及活动地点，所以，认真备考过的考生在写第二点提纲时可以借鉴2013年和2015年背过的句式及表达进行写作。不过，从另一方面来看，2019考研英语（二）小作文可能困扰考生的地方在于“debate”一词，该词对基础扎实的考生构不成威胁，但对于基础薄弱的学生可能是致命一击，所以，单词是考研英语备考的基石，文都教育的1575词汇书还得是广大考生备考的必选书目。此外，另一个需要注意的点便是“arrangement”一词，该词是可数名词，通常使用复数，若考生在行文中提出多点安排，必须使用该词的复数形式“arrangements”。（浙江24小时记者 郑琳）大家都爱看动动手指，赢精美礼品！2018浙江十大天气气候事件，你说了算下周“真·冷空气”来了　浙江人的冬至有你的独家记忆吗？“我开得想哭”4天7万元油费，舟山船老大拖着外籍无人游艇回港来源：浙江24小时、新浪微博等责编：侯玮编辑：杨柳看完英语作文的网友，为自己点个赞吧 今天考场上的考生，要继续加油鸭↓↓↓

大家好随着考研复试的脚步逐渐来临，考研复试英语口试大家现在也要逐渐练起来，小编今天给大家整理了去年一些同学复试英语口语所问到的一些问题，欢迎历年的学长学姐们将你们的考研口语复试的评论分享给广大的考研学子。2019年 厦门大学公共管理专业why do you choose the MPAcc?what subjects are you most interested in?how do you coordinate your work and study?2019年南开大学法律硕士专业what are you hobbies?please say something about yourself?what do you think about the Law?2019南开大学电子专硕say something about your hometown?Is there any special dish in your hometown?Why do you want to attend graate school?say someting about your future plan?欢迎学长学姐们将你们的考研口语复试的问题，评论分享给广大的考研学子。最后祝大家一战成硕！加油！

考研英语，翻译是很多考研童鞋们的伤。其主要的原因是，基础没有打牢固，词组和单词量的积累不够或者对意思的理解有偏差。其实翻译是很容易得分的题目，记住下面总结的这些近20年真题中的常考的翻译词组，可以帮我们更加高效地做出翻译题目，有效地把握命题的规律！其实这些词组不仅做翻译很有用，做完型填空的时候也是有用的，完型填空里面就会有很多的固定搭配。自己写作文的时候也可以合理地使用这些词组，让改卷的老师眼前一亮的赶脚。最后，21考研的童鞋要好好加油咯！已经正式步入6月份了！

小编在第一时间更新考研英语的作文试题题目，现在是粗糙的版本，后续会更新完整的英语一和英语二的试题答案解析内容。下面给大家整理英语一、英语二大小作文的真题内容。英语一大小作文真题题目（网友回忆版）题目是大概的内容，具体文字等内容后续更新。小作文：我为＂ Aiding Rural Primary School＂工作，一个国际志愿者有 require，我 answer。要求写出我那个 project 的细节，署名 Li Ming大作文：俩人爬山，一个人坐下说太累了不爬了，另一个人边爬边递水给另一个人瓶水，说休息一下接着爬英语二大小作文真题题目（不完整版，可参考）Part ADirections: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him1)Suggest a topic and with your reasons,2) And your arangementYou should write about 700 words on the ANSWER SHEETDon' t use your own name, use"Zhang Wei instead. Don t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should interpret the chart, and give yourcommentsYou should write about I50 wordsneatly on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points）另附上网友发出来的部分英语一的部分参考答案：据网友回忆，考研英语一阅读排序题参考答案为DABGE；据网友回忆，英语一阅读参考答案如下：21 A enhance banker's sense of responsibility22 D "short-termism" in economic activities23 B adverse24 C the approaches to promoting "long-termism"25 B patience as a corporate virture26 D The change of course catologs27 C To help freshmen adapt to college learning28 D obtain more financial support29 B To complement each other30 C analyzing the causes behind it31 D involves some concerns raised by AI today32 A is too limited for us to reproce it33 C is still beyond our capacity34 B affirmation35 B Frankenstein, the Novel predicting the Age of AI36 C make more online shopper pay sale tax37 B were considered unfavorable by states38 harmed fiar market competition39 Big chain owners40 gives a factual account of it and discuss its consequences好了，还是那一句，别急着对答案，考后的休息是十分重要的，小编在这里预祝大家第二天的考试顺利~

2020年考研英语一真题和答案，现在将已经整理好的公布出来,希望有助于大家。