2010考研数一真题

2010-2019年 考研数学一二三真题 逐题精讲视频已出!!!考研数学真题讲解：每日一练212天一、题目二、解析考研路上，你我同行。加油！

考研数学真题讲解：每日一练185天一、题目题目二、解析题目1题目2题目3考研路上，你我同行。加油！

大家好，我是老梁考研数学！这两天学校期末事情多，使得《真题一题多解系列》断更时间较长，抱歉！今天老梁继续给大家推送《考研数学真题分类解析系列》第008期，选择一道幂指函数极限计算的客观题，对于客观题，除了通用解法之外，特殊值法也上常常采用的方法，除了对函数采用特殊值，也可对参数采用特殊值。真题及解析【例008】（2010数1）【分析一】这是一个1的无穷幂指型未定式极限的计算，常用下列简便公式：【解法一】【分析二】将极限式中分式项倒数变形、再利用乘积的四则运算，简化计算。【解法二】【分析三】由于是客观题，且极限式含有参数，因此可对两个参数取特殊值排除错误选项。【解法三】【评注】特殊值法，选取特殊值的原则是能区别选项，如本题也可选b=-a=1。总结（1）解法一是解决幂指函数未定式极限的通用方法，在本题的三个解法中是最费时的方法；（2）如果一个极限式所含分式“头重脚轻”，即分子为单项式而分母为几个单项的和，这时一般可采取倒数的方法简化计算；（3）若客观题含有抽象函数或参数，则可使用特殊指法，对函数或参数取不同的值来排除错误选项（选择题）或直接得到结果。方法总结 归纳题型奇思妙解 就找老梁往期回顾考研数学｜两类含有限加和幂指型未定式极限计算｜无穷大(小)替换考研数学｜真题一题多解系列，精选007｜已知极限反求未知参数考研数学｜真题一题多解系列，精选006｜中值问题考研数学｜真题一题多解系列，精选005｜5种方法30年考研数学真题分类解析｜专题三：极限基本理论

20考研进行时，考研er最关心的问题是究竟要考什么？政治，数学一、二、三，英语一、二，还有综合？题型是什么？占多少分值？小编为大家整理了以下内容，请仔细阅读哦！

历年的研究生考试当中，考研数学都是很多考生的拦路虎。而在考研数学中，概率统计部分又是部分同学的老大难。为了帮助考研同学更好的迎接新一年的研究生考试，小编整理过去十年的数学考研真题。经过小编认真研究，现将历年真题中存在一些规律，进行归纳总结，希望能够对正在考研复习的2020年考生有所帮助。一、2010年~2019年考研数学一概率统计中出现的主要知识点根据2018年最新的考研数学大纲，数学一考查的内容一共包含八章内容，这八章内容在一般的概率统计教材应该都是可以找到的。如图：考研数学的大纲近十年来基本上没有发生什么大的变化，小编估计2020年也不会发生很大的变化。所以，在目前阶段我们完全可参照2019年的考研大纲有针对性的进行复习。通过对近十年的考研真题的分析，研究生考试中的题目实际上是有一定的侧重点和规律性的。由于篇幅所限，在此小编简要介绍常考知识点和侧重点，详细介绍另文介绍。第一章，随机事件和概率是整个考研数学概率统计的基础，本章的知识点都是一些基本的定义和运算。一般情况，这一章的知识点不会单独拿出来考一个大题，考查形式都是融合到了后面各章知识点来考查。第二章随机变量及分布是作为第三章多维随机变量及分布的基础。因此在这两章中，考试题目主要出现在多维随机变量这一部分。多维随机变量这一章是研究生考试出题的重点章节，可以说每年必考，每年只是考试形式的改变而已。第四章随机变量的数字特征，这部分内容也是作为基础，重点在掌握基本的概念和性质。本章的知识点，不会单独考查，主要有两种考察形式：1.作为大题中计算完成之后，顺带着求个期望或者方差；2.作为计算题计算过程中需要用到的知识点。第五章.大数定律和中心极限定理，这一章的知识点不太容易出现在大题中，所以在以往的真题中，近十年只有一年的题目中用的了大数定律，其余各年本章知识点没有考查过。第六、七、八章是统计部分，这三部分重点在第七章参数估计。而参数估计这一章中，重点又在点估计的两种方法：矩估计法和最大似然估计法。近十年的研究生考试中，矩估计考了三次，最大似然估计法考了九次，几乎年年必考。最大似然估计法是概率统计所有知识点中考查次数最多的一个。而区间估计和假设检验则考查相对较少，近十年中各考查了一次，而且还是填空和选择的形式。二、近年考研数学一概率统计主要知识点的考查趋势小编将近十年的考研真题做了统计，考研数学的考试题目仍然是以考查基础为主。随便拿出哪一个题目来看都没有超纲或者特别难、怪的题目。比如多维随机变量和参数估计这两部分是每年的考试重点，几乎每年必考。小编以这两章的题目为例给大家解析，为什么考查的就是基础知识，很多同学却不会做呢？多维随机变量中考查的题目，在考研大纲中要求的就是二维随机变量，实际考查的也是二维随机变量。在前些年考试考查的都是单纯的离散型随机变量或者连续型随机变量，也就是题目当中的二维随机变量的两个随机变量类型相同。类型相同的二维随机变量是平时连续较多，相对简单的题目。而近年来，考查的二维随机变量更多的是一个是离散的，另外一个是连续的。这类二维随机变量在日常学习中较少遇到，这给考试学生增加一定的难度。参数估计这一章的知识点考查的内容和形式相对固定，也是考查重点之一。前面小编介绍过，参数估计这一部分的最大似然估计几乎是每年必考，并且形式固定。近十年考题中，这个知识点考查了九次，全部都在整张数学试卷的最后一题（23）。并且，在这九次考查中，问题几乎完全一样：求相关参数的最大似然估计。方法也基本一致：除去2015年另外的八年完全可以按照常规方法求出来。所用的方法大家都非常熟悉：1.写出似然函数；2. 对数似然函数；3. 求最大值（求导数等于零）；4.解出相关参数。另外，区间估计和假设检验在前些年没有考过，只是在2016年填空形式考查了区间估计。2018年考查了假设检验的相关内容。但是，即使这两年的考查中，只要理解的相关内容就可以很多写出结果，根本不需要那些繁琐的公式。三、在考研数学一考试中概率统计哪些知识点会成为测2020年考研考试的热点？根据以上整理的主要知识点和近十年主要考点，小编也斗胆预测一下2020年研究生考试那些知识点会成为考试的重点。首先，考查基础知识这样的主基调一定不会改变。就像第一、而章这样的基本知识章节，可能不会单独的出题目来考查，但是这些知识一定不会缺席。这些知识完全可以融合到其它知识点中去考查。换句话说，离开这些基本概念其它知识点的题目也不可能顺利完成。比如，多维随机变量的相关题目必然会用到一维随机变量掌握知识；数理统计的相关题目一定会用到随机变量的数字特征。所以，基础知识一定是考研学生复习的首要任务。具体的知识点，最大似然估计法过去十年考查了九年，根据统计知识，2020年考查的概率还是非常大的。另外，在考研数学概率论中计算完统计量之后，考查一下无偏性和有效性也是顺便的事情。区间估计和假设检验在早期从没有考查过，但是在近几年出现了两次，这是不是一种要加强考查这部分知识点的信号呢？当然，这只是小编个人见解和猜测，类似的规律大家都可以去从往年考研真题当中去寻找。四、如何复习应对考研数学一中概率统计相关题目呢？每个人的情况不尽相同，首先根据个人实际情况，趁着时间还来得及，制定详细的复习计划。在研究生考试中考查题目几乎都是考查我们日常学习中的基础知识点。只是，有些知识点在考试中考查方式与我们平时学习的不太一样，导致不太习惯而已。所以，在复习中首先要重视相关的基础知识的理解，在充分理解的基础上，将考研题目和日常学习中的不同点找出来重点练习。比如，小编前面谈到过的混合型二维随机变量。另外，数量统计部分，大部分同学普遍感到公式多、大，不好记。实际上，数理统计大家也应该把重点放到基本概念的理解上，真正的理解了基本的概念和原理，公式自然就能够记住，甚至根本都不用去记忆哪些公式。比如，小编前面提到的区间估计和假设检验过去十年考查过两次，实际只要真正理解了相关的概念，根本不用公式直接就可以看出结果。因此，对于研究生考试中概率统计部分的复习，要具体情况具体分析。对于前四章的知识点（概率部分），主要以记忆相关公式，多练习为主；而对于后三章（数理统计部分），把重点放到理解上。

2010-2019年 考研数学一二三真题 逐题精讲视频已出!!!考研数学真题讲解：每日一练216天一、题目二、解析考研路上，你我同行。加油！

2021年考研数学（一）题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】第一部分历年真题2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 第二部分　章节题库 高等数学 第一章　函数、极限、连续 第二章　一元函数微分学 第三章　一元函数积分学 第四章　向量代数和空间解析几何 第五章　多元函数微分学 第六章　多元函数积分学 第七章　无穷级数 第八章　常微分方程 线性代数 第一章　行列式 第二章　矩　阵 第三章　向　量 第四章　线性方程组 第五章　矩阵的特征值和特征向量 第六章　二次型 概率论与数理统计 第一章　随机事件和概率 第二章　随机变量及其分布 第三章　多维随机变量及其分布 第四章　随机变量的数字特征 第五章　大数定律和中心极限定理 第六章　数理统计的基本概念 第七章　参数估计 第八章　假设检验 第三部分　模拟试题 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（一） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（二） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（三） 更多资料2021年考研数学（一）考试大纲解析2021年考研数学（一）全套资料2021年考研数学（一）考前冲刺班找学习资料就上畅学苑学习网，助您乘风破浪一次通关！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2020考研数学超级难，是很多考研同学最大的感受，特别是考数二的同学，有同学说，“数学二，真的是史上最难”。我们也知道，最近十年，考研数学最难的年限分别是在2010年、2016年、2018年，那么，2020年的数学会不会难出新高度呢？首先，我们看看最近十年考研数学的平均分，然后再分析下这10年数学平均分的变化，以及与考试难度的关系，看看能否找出一些规律。考研数学最近十年平均分统计考研数学满分：150分考研数学平均分统计结果通过上面统计结果，我们不难发现，最近十年内，无论是数学一、数学二还是数学三，在2010、2014年、2016年、2018年四年，平均分都比较低。并且，数学一、二、三的波动情况也是一致的，我们可以通过下面图中的曲线走势也可以看出来。所以说，数学平均分肯定是随着考研难度增加而降低的，所以说，2020年的考研数学平均分肯定要比2019年低。在考研数学平均分统计中，对于考研难度表现最为明显的就是数学二，我们将其单独拎出来进行统计分析，我们就会发现非常明显的结果。数学二平局分统计图我们看到，最近十年只有3个波谷，分别是2010年、2016年、2018年，2018年是最低的，分数只有可怜的60.06分，比2016年的60.56还要低。而，2020年的数学二同样是很难的一年，有考数二的学生说：“毫不夸张地说，十年来最难”，那么，2020年的数学二会不会依旧保持在60分，乃至于会突破60分，到50+呢？这么来看的话，可能性非常大。所以说，考数学的同学，不用担心，如果你在2020年能够拿到2018年的平均分（数学一：65.13分；数学二：60.08分，数学三：61.07分），那么，能够过国家线的可能性就会很大，或者说，肯定是可以过国家线的，因为，看看国家线与平均分的关系就知道了。考研数学平均分与国家单科线的关系因为，我们要知道，考研国家线一般是要低于单科平均分的，我们看看2017年的国家单科线情况。如下表格所示：学术型学位研究生A区国家线：数学一、数学三（来自百度百科）2017年数学不算难，属于正常水平，乃至于有点简单，因为我们可以看到这年的数学平均分都很高。数学一：79.5分，数学三：69.9，而考数学的专业的国家线都要低于这个分数。特别是理工学专业低了很多，经济学只低了0.9分。专业型学位研究生A区国家线：数学二、数学三（来自百度百科）通过以上分析，我们发现，考研国家线单科线（满分>100分）都是要低于数学平均分。所以说，2020年考研数学如果能够拿到2018年的平均分（数学一：65.13分；数学二：60.08分，数学三：61.07分），那么，过国家线应该是没有什么问题的。那么，最近几年考研数学，到底难在哪里？看到同学们的各种吐槽，最大的难点就在于计算量大，看似非常简单的一道题，一头扎进去以后才发现，计算好久都没有结果。其次，出题套路也有所变化，不按套路出题成为了一种趋势，那么，针对这些难点，对我们以后考研的同学有什么启示呢？给大家考研复习数学的4个建议重视真题，通过大量系统做题，需要不断总结并且整理，一定要建立完整的知识体系。查漏补缺，不要留下任何知识盲点，最好的方法就是整理错题，然后在后期强化冲刺阶段挨个进行攻克。复习时，最好能够将题目进行分类，然后按不同的类别进行分类练习，并且，练习难度一定要大于真题，特别是2010年、2016年、2018年。不要寄希望于押题，一定要练习、练习、练习，通过不断练习来加强自己的计算能力。综上，2020年考研数学较难，大家不用过于担心，不光平均分会降，国家线也会降。感谢您的阅读，喜欢文章就点赞转发吧！