2016考研数二真题

在资料分析里面，很容易让考生忽略的一点就是：阅读材料！因为材料文字多，时间又很紧，很多考生都是先看了题目再粗略看文字，找信息，再计算答案，虽然这种做法没有错，但是哪怕是在粗略地阅读文字，也应该注意不要错过任何信息，因为有时候你少看一句话，可能要多算两分钟。比如2021年国考材料二：2019年全国地铁运营线路长度达5181公里，占城轨交通运营线路总里程的76.8%。2019年末，我国城轨交通配属地铁列车6178列，全年实现地铁客运量227.76亿人次。注：除客运量为全年数值外，其余指标为年末时点值。1、2014-2019年间，全国地铁运营线路长度同比增长20%以上的年份有几个？A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4解析：计数题，信息在表1。反向思维：用上年度×20%，跟增量做对比，会比直接计算增长率来得快。2014年2361/2073，分母大于2000，增量小于400，增长小于20%；2015年2658/2361，分母大于2000，增量小于400，增长小于20%；2016年3169/2658，增量511，而2658×20%>2600×20%=520，增长小于20%；2017年3884/3169，增量715，而3169×20%<3200×20%=640，增长大于20%；2018年4354/3884，增量小于700，3884×20%>700，增长小于20%；2019年5181/4354，增量827，而4354×20%>4300×20%=860，增长小于20%，所以增长大于20%的，只有2017年1年，答案选择A。2、以下城市中，2019年末平均每条运营的地铁线路配属地铁列车数最多的是：A.广州 B.武汉 C.成都 D.南京解析：排序题，信息来自表2。广州：510/13，武汉：435/9，成都：410/7，南京：203/5只有成都是大于50的，其它均小于50，答案选择C。不要急着去计算，选择合适的参照物，比较大小，也挺快的。3、2019年，直辖市（北京、天津、上海、重庆）地铁客运量占全国地铁客运总量的比重在以下哪个范围内？A.不到40% B.40%-45%之间C.45%-50%之间 D.超过50%解析：计算题，信息来自表2。39.4+4.7+38.7+6.1=88.9，请注意，客运总量在文字里已经体现了，是227.76，不要再傻傻地去计算。88.9/227.76<40%，答案选择A。注意看材料，不要忽略只有一句的文字，如果忽略了那关键的一句话，可能要多计算两分钟。4、表中所列2019年地铁客运量超过10亿人次的城市中，2019年平均每条地铁运营线路长度超过40公里的城市有几个？A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4解析：计数题。信息来自表2。超过10亿人次的有上海、北京、广州、武汉、深圳、成都、南京，平均每条运营长度，上海、成都明显大于40，其它均小于40，答案选择B。计算不复杂，用线路数×40去对比运营总长度更快一些。5、能够从上述资料中推出的是：A.2019年全国城轨交通运营线路总里程不到6000公里B.2019年全国地铁运营线路长度相比2016年增量是2016年相比2013年增量的两倍以上C.表中2019年末地铁运营线路长度排名前3的城市地铁运营线路长度之和占全国总量的50%以上D.表中2019年平均每条运营线路客运量最少的城市，地铁客运量在表中各城市排前10位解析：综合判断题A选项：信息来自第一段文字，5181÷76.8%>4800÷80%=6000，A错误B选项：信息来自表1，5181-3169=2012，3169-2073=1096，2012÷2=1006<1096，B错误C选项：信息来自表1和表2，总长度来自表1，是5181；前3来自表2，分别是上海、北京、广州，合计是669.5+637.6+489.4<700+700+500=1900，占比肯定小于50%，C错误，答案选择D。打开UC浏览器 查看更多精彩图片本期的分享到此结束，感谢您的阅读。

2010-2019年 考研数学一二三真题 逐题精讲视频已出!!!考研数学真题讲解：每日一练220-221天一、每日一练220天：2015年考研数学一二三公共考点题目讲解2015年考研数学真题讲解2015年考研数学真题讲解二、每日一练221天：2016年考研数学一二三公共考点题目讲解2016年考研数学真题讲解2016年考研数学真题讲解2016年考研数学真题讲解考研路上，你我同行。加油！

今天考研已经结束，各位小伙伴的战况如何？反正小编是一把鼻涕一把泪啊！因为小编没有认真复习。相信每个考研人都不容易付出努力总会得到回报。今年的考研人数238万相比于去年又在增加！看看这人山人海的场景是否也有你的影子。2018年考研已经结束，"今年的数学"恐怕是每个考生的心声了。(后面有数二真题解析，大家可以看看)不过不要怕，你不是孤独的，不是你一个人觉得难，而是大家都觉得难。没考好的，不要气馁，再接再厉，我们来年再战。考研就是高考的升级，寒门子弟渴望借此鱼跃龙门，因此牵系着无数家庭，今日考研数学一结束，就迅速登上了热搜榜，因为太难了，数一数二数三这次居然对外一致发难，弄得许多考生纷纷表示，要去天台冷静冷静。今天是2018年全国硕士研究生考试的第二天，针对上午刚刚考完的数学一二三，小编看了一下今年的难度，真的把这一届的考生虐哭了，难度一年比一年上升。朋友圈的女同胞都说回家生孩子去了，哈哈2018年的考研数学试题又一次刷新了考研人的心跳！下考场的时候大家纷纷叹气，难道是因为今年报考人数剧增，又换成备用卷了么？这难度又刷新了2016年的效果。考研数学方面的专家张宇谈考研：开卷的难度较大，这会影响很多同学的答题心情。今年的数学真是不负众望啊，偶数年真的难啊！各位考生，你们考研数学有啥想说的。而第二天，上午的数学考完后，很多考生不淡定了。相比昨天的英语，至少还可以蒙（选择题多），数学就惨了！考研数学考试难度逐年加大，题型变化大，趋向于“竞赛题”，过于讲究技巧。不少教育人士也表示，考研数学难度逐年加大，对考生的要求也逐年增高。很多题目都已经偏离了正常的逻辑层面，开始讲究“技巧化”。网友笑称，这个题目有点像是奥林匹克竞赛，一些知识点明明自己知道，但是放在题目里面就是不会做。前天是2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试的第一天。考完英语和政治两门科目之后，不少考生感慨颇多。网上出现了各种版本的吐槽：有的说“今年的英语试卷，做完就崩溃了”；有的说“英语新题型简直看不懂啊”；有的说“政治的难度超乎了自己的想象”。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2020年考研已经过去一大半，走出数学考场的同学们，心情可能不是特别好，作为2016年考过数学一的学长，非常理解大家的心情。因为，回顾过去十年考研，数学最难的可能就是2010年与2016年，这两年的考研数学，无论是数学一、数学二还是数学三，无一例外都很难，不光难在出题套路有所变化，而且计算量也超级大。就拿2016年来说，学长考的是数学一，从做选择题开始，到填空题，就已经发现苗头不大对劲，因为，做过三遍真题的我，发现，这玩意跟做过的真题差太远了，当我做到大题的时候，心情已经非常沉重了。在考数学的考场上，就有女生一直在哭，原来不止我一个人觉得难，而是大家都觉得难，然后，心态稍微调整了下，继续将后面的大题都“写满了”，仅仅是写满了，而不是做出来了，因为，没有一道题的答案是完整能算出来的。当然，最后分数线出来以后，证明确实很难，因为分数线真的很低，所以，很幸运，学长也过线了。那么，2020年的考研数学到底难不难呢？是不是与2016年一样难？我们看看已经考完的同学都是怎么说的呢？我们在网上分别找一些考数学一、数学二、数学三的小伙伴们。数学一下面这位同学说：“考的数学一，在他看来，数学一基本上没有时间思考，本以为这题空过去，先做后面简单的，结果发现，越高山丘才发现，都是珠穆朗玛峰”。这位同学，觉得后面的每一道题都难于前面的题，可见今年的数学一真的不简单，没有时间思考，多半是因为计算量大，并且他还提到有同学因为草稿纸与监考老师起了争执，看来计算量确实不小。数学二下面这位同学，考数学二，他虽然说得有点夸张，但是，也说明了今年的数学二也不简单。看看下面这位同样考数学二的同学，这位同学的感受与上面一样，感觉数学二是30年来最难的一次，总体来说，选择题与填空题感觉比较简单，大题比较难，大概有5个大题卡住了，包括两个线代大题。还有一个双重积分和证明和求渐近线。还是考数学二的同学，感受：“原地爆炸，有史以来最难”，心疼考数学二的宝宝们！依旧是数学二的同学，依旧是难在计算量大上。数学三考数学三的一位同学，说，难度偏大，主要在于计算量大。看看下面这两位同样考数学三的同学，感受依旧是一个字：“难”。好了，关于考研亲历者的感受，我们就看到这里，下面进行一个总结。2020年考研数学，整体来说，无论是数学一、数学二、还是数学三，都偏难，尤其是数学二，根据同学们的感受来分析，可能是最近几年最难的一次。我们看一份来自蒋中挺老师创建的关于2020考研数学难易程度的投票，这个投票有11.7万人进行了投票，其中有6.9万人认为太难，有2.2万人认为难。认为太难的人数占了58.97%，认为难的人数占到了18.8%，两者合计77.77%，也就是说，超过2/3的投票人数，认为2020考研数学比较难。那么，今年的数学到底难在哪里？其实，通过分析大家的感受，不难发现，很多同学觉得难，不是在于题目有多偏，也不是在于题目有多新颖，出题套路也没有特别大的变化，乃至于很多同学都觉得，感觉题目都能看懂，就是算不出来。所以，真正的难度在于计算量大上，这与2016年有点相似，所以说，总体来说，数学二可能比2016年难，数学一、三可能比较接近。这对2021年以及今后考研的同学复习又有什么启发呢？启发肯定有，那就是：面对考研数学，没有任何捷径，唯有在掌握基础概念以及题型的基础上，不断去刷题，提高自己的计算能力，提高自己的做题速度。数学，是真正需要实力的，如果不注重计算能力以及做题速度的培养，到了考场上就会发现，什么“套路”、什么“花拳绣腿”，都完全不管用。所以说，对于考研数学，大家千万不要想着走捷径，也不要想着掌握多少“套路”，还是踏踏实实刷题，多练、多做，多总结。最后，既然数学已经考完了，大家就不要再去想，多想无益，再说大家都觉得难，那就是真的难，相信自己，没有什么大问题，分数线也肯定会有所下降。坚持考完最后一门专业课，尽可能将早上的损失补回来！感谢您的阅读，喜欢文章就点赞分享吧！

这一天，终于要来了！2020考研将会在2019年12月21日—22日举行，相信，所有的小伙伴们都已经复习得足够充分，是不是都摩拳擦掌跃跃欲试呢？即使感觉不是特别好，又有什么关系呢？因为，我们的目标又不是要考满分，何况，还有一个很甜的东西叫做“蜜汁自信”，相信，有它的神助，你们都可以做得很好。因为，心态真的很重要！关于考研的注意事项比较多，但是，作为经历过中考、高考等大考的你们，肯定可以做得很好，所以，这里不再婆婆妈妈赘述。今天，我只想用我的个人经历来强调一点，那就是“无论你在考场上碰到什么问题，无论你觉得考试题有多难，都不要放弃，一定要坚持考完最后一场考试”。希望大家在坚持不下去的时候，可以想一想文章下面的内容。我之所以会特别强调这一点，主要对这一点感触颇深，因为，如果我当年没有坚持到最后一刻，真的及早放弃的话，也就不大可能有今天的研究生身份。我是2016年考的研究生，这一年注定是不平凡的一年，也是比较特殊的一年，因为，这年恰逢考研30周年大庆，每到这种关键节点，出题老师也总是要搞点事情出来来纪念一下。当然，这一年也逃不掉，相信大家都已经做过往年的数学真题了，当你做到2016年的真题的时候，不出意外，你就会发现，这一年的考研数学真题还真跟其它几年不大一样，因为，你可能会怎么算，也算不出答案。因为，作为这一年的考研经历者，亲自目睹了考数学时，有些女同学直接在考场上哭的画面，因为，这一年的数学真的是太难了。这一年考完数学以后，全网一片哀嚎，对我印象最深的就是，大家纷纷到各位考研数学辅导老师微博下面留言寻找安慰，那场景真的是蔚为壮观，记忆犹新。而数学向来不是我的长项，所以，面对计算量如此大的数学一，走出考场的我，只有一个感觉，那就是彻底凉凉了，真的是感觉凉透了，透彻心扉，面对考场外等我的女朋友，真的特别想哭，最终还是忍住没有哭出来，Because，I am a man。当下午再次走进考场时，我惊讶的发现，来考试的人少了将近1/3，这个数据真的一点也不夸张，我突然感觉自己很孤独，因为前后桌都没有人。可见，考完数学以后，很多人的心态都崩了，已经没有任何坚持下去的动力了，继而直接提前结束了考研，这里面就有一起复习考研的同学，还不止一个。其实，我跟他们的想法是一样一样的，唯一不同的只是我明知没戏却依旧坚持到了考完最后一场考试。一念之间，就注定了完全不同的结局，因为，结果大家都猜到了，那就是我考上了研究生，而过早放弃的那些同学，压根都没有机会体验成功。那么，我为什么会考上研究生呢？不是我运气好，更不是发挥好，而是题目太难，直接导致了分数线普遍下降，所以说，从初试成绩出来，到分数线公布，再到复试分数线公布，每一个关卡都好像有如神助，初试成绩排名倒数第二进入复试，复试结束，依旧以倒数第二被成功录取。所以，通过这一次考研经历，我坚信，无论什么时候，无论碰到什么情况，无论考场上的题目有多难，只要不放弃，胜率的曙光终究会照耀到你头上。最后，在2020年考研到来之际，真心希望每一位考生，都能够坚持考完每一门考试，一定不要放弃，只要能够坚持到最后一刻，你就已经成功了一半。在此，真心祝福每一位2020年考研的同学，大家一定要相信自己，因为，所有的汗水都不会白流，所有的挑灯夜战，都会有所回报的。感谢您的阅读，喜欢文章就点赞转发吧！

2021年考研数学（一）题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】第一部分历年真题2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 第二部分　章节题库 高等数学 第一章　函数、极限、连续 第二章　一元函数微分学 第三章　一元函数积分学 第四章　向量代数和空间解析几何 第五章　多元函数微分学 第六章　多元函数积分学 第七章　无穷级数 第八章　常微分方程 线性代数 第一章　行列式 第二章　矩　阵 第三章　向　量 第四章　线性方程组 第五章　矩阵的特征值和特征向量 第六章　二次型 概率论与数理统计 第一章　随机事件和概率 第二章　随机变量及其分布 第三章　多维随机变量及其分布 第四章　随机变量的数字特征 第五章　大数定律和中心极限定理 第六章　数理统计的基本概念 第七章　参数估计 第八章　假设检验 第三部分　模拟试题 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（一） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（二） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（三） 更多资料2021年考研数学（一）考试大纲解析2021年考研数学（一）全套资料2021年考研数学（一）考前冲刺班找学习资料就上畅学苑学习网，助您乘风破浪一次通关！

The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.超市的设计目的是吸引顾客在超市内尽可能长时间的停留。The reason for this is simple:原因很简单The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy.你在店里待的时间越长，你看到的东西就越多，你看到的东西越多，你买的东西就越多。And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.超市里有很多东西。The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.根据食品营销协会的数据，平均每家超市有大约44，000种不同的商品，而且有很多超市有比这多数万件。The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.可供选择的数量之多足以使购物者陷入信息过载的状态。According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.根据脑部扫描实验，如此多的决策要求使我们很快承受不了。After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,在大约40分钟的购物之后，大多数人不再挣扎于理性的选择，and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.而是开始冲动性购物，在这时候，我们把50%从来不打算买的东西放进购物车里。

今天，大多数学校的考研初试成绩均已出分，对考研的学生来说，每次查分都是“几家欢乐，几家愁”，正所谓，难者不会，会者不难，考研结束后，一部分考生抱怨数一太难了，但是今天分数一出来，照样有很多学霸考出了130分以上的好成绩，惊呆众人。不过，学霸的世界毕竟异乎常人，今年的考研数一难也是被考研学子深深地吐槽过的，曾一度登上微博热搜。很多学生表示，不仅大题难，仅选择题的难度就令人崩溃。一考研二战的考生称，自己去年数一考了117分，而去年的平均分与18年的平均分持平，都在65分左右，而今年又努力了一年，数学刷了很多题，但却连对答案的勇气都没有。当然，还有考研当天就忍不住被数学难哭了的女考生们。从历年考研数学来看，数一不仅考察范围广，且难度也高于数二、数三，从最近十年的考研中，数一平均分最高的是2012年，数一80.11，平均分最低的2016年，平均分数一60.65其次是2018年，数一65.13，今年数一的平均如何，有数学考研方面的知情人士称，有可能会比去年整体拉低5－10分。但是今天成绩出来，我们看到网上晒成绩的很多考生，都考出了130以上的好成绩，不得不让人羡慕，当然也有表示自己数一考砸，勉强仅过国家线的，更惨的是盼着降分过线的。网上有很多数一考得好的考生分享自己的经验，没考好的同学也可以借鉴一下别人的经验，今年上不了岸还可以二战。其实，数一考得好的考生的经验都大同小异，一考132的考生在分享经验时称，今年的数学确实很难，自己也一度懵圈，但最后冷静下来，最终只错了一个选择和一个半大题，得了132高分。在复习过程中，他推荐数学基础差的学生要“笨鸟先飞”，在5月份之前，听一听张宇的课，打好基础。5月份后，再看视频就来不及了，一定要刷题，总结，做好错题记录，什么张宇的高数18讲，还是概率论九讲，以及李永乐的线性代数等都刷起来，从7月到9月刷上1000道，数学水平达到一定水平后，10月以后再接着刷真题卷，平均分要做到135分以上，才算达到水准。相信大家看了这个学霸级考生的分享，也不得不服，考研总归是一分耕耘，一分收获，考不好，除了自身能力有限，努力不够外，也怨不得别人。无论如何，考研本身就是一场选拔性考试，各科在设题时要有一定的区分度才能为不同的院校选拔出合格的人才。最终考生们拼的还是自己的实力。即使数学难一点，只要过了国家线和各大院校的自主划线，还是有机会上岸的。