考研试题题

本例为2006年考研数学二、四试题中的一道考题。【例】（2006数学二、四）【分析】本题主要对带参数无穷小的阶的比较进行考查。涉及的知识点有：无穷小的比较方法，如洛必达法则，泰勒公式，等价无穷小替换等方法。可用多种方法解答。【方法一】洛必达法则是解决这类问题常用的方法，但有时计算量稍大。由题设可知，由洛必达法则，有由上式极限分母极限为0可推得，再次应用洛必达法则，故，即则由（1）（2）（3），得，【方法二】利用泰勒公式法求解此类问题是非常有效的方法，尤其是涉及的函数为简单的初等函数（基本初等函数）时。根据泰勒公式，代入到题设等式中，得，整理并比较两端系数，得解得，【方法三】泰勒公式法为了更好应用泰勒公式法（或其他方法），可对题设等式变形。题设等式可变形为由泰勒公式代入，比较系数，得，【总结】（1）无穷小的阶的比较，是考研高频考点，常用方法有：泰勒公式，洛必达法则，无穷小等价，以及分类讨论；（2）不论是极限运算、求导求积运算，运算之前化简，变形会带来简便。本题变形后，利用洛必达法则进行计算，计算量也明显变小。

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2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

有考研er们经常会问关于考研真题，特别是真题中选择题的问题：“学长，经验贴分享的都是真题练习至少刷三遍，但是我刷完一遍之后，答案就在无意识中记下来了，后面再二刷三刷，选择题答案基本上就是秒选，怎么办？”相信很多同学在复习期间练习真题的过程中也会有类似的困惑。事实上，无论是政治、英语、数学，还是专业课，通常经验贴中说的“真题非常重要，至少要刷2~3遍”，这并不是指每一遍刷题，都只是简单快速地选择个答案而已。不同的情况下，刷题的目标都是不一样的。下面我就分以下几种情况详细说明一下——一、练第一遍真题对于一份新的真题、第一遍接触的题，首要目标是选出正确的答案。这种情况下，通常是在规定时间内要完成一整套的所有题目，所以，真题的第一次练习一定要保持有序的答题节奏，注意力集中，思考要时刻在线。这样才能做到不纠结、不犹豫，不会有审题不仔细的情况。练题过程中，不着急、不拖沓，养成属于自己的正常的答题节奏，不确定的题目要做好标记，先按照自己的第一感觉选，或者直接跳过，核对完答案后再去纠正、反思、弄懂每一道题。二、练第二遍真题第一遍题目都做完了，对完了答案和分数后，在回头复盘的时候，就相当于是第二遍接触的题了。这个时候，如果这道题做第一遍的时候选对了，那么在复盘过程中，给自己足够的时间，回想一下：做这道题目的过程中，用到了哪些解题方法？除了这个方法，有没有更直接更好更快的方法？如果没有其他方法，那就看看参考答案的解题思路是否和自己的做题过程中的思路一样？那如果这道题选错了或者被瞎蒙蒙对了，先不要看答案解析，要首先对错题进行自主分析：这道题为什么正确答案是这个？选错的那个选项是哪里错了？解题的过程中哪个步骤出了问题？考查的是什么知识点？以后碰到类似的题型，我应该注意哪些问题？归根结底，这么做就是为了查漏补缺。总结出属于自己的一套方法，以后在做同类型题目的过程中可快速执行，毕竟自己分析真正弄懂了的题目，才是真正消化了的。这样分析完一遍之后，再参考答案解析，对之前总结出来的结论进行优化和完善。或者给自己试着讲错题的解题思路：题目应该怎么做？正确答案为什么对？干扰项错在哪？如果能把自己成功说服了，那这道题目就彻底弄懂了。三、练第三遍&第四遍真题以后，再碰到做过的题，第三遍、甚至第四遍，如果题目忘记了怎么做的，那可以再重复一次第二遍的做题过程；如果题目有印象选择哪个答案，那么，知道为什么选这个正确答案之后，还要重点分析干扰项：比如，归纳命题人的命题思路、设置干扰项的常用方式，同时再复盘，所有做过的题目里，哪些题跟这道题是类似的？可以试着找出来并总结出一套同类型的题惯用的出题逻辑。如果说第一遍练题是站在学生的角度快速选答案，那么第二遍就是站在老师的角度做题目、答案、选项的拆分和解析；第三遍、第四遍练题，则是站在命题人的角度，去研究和揣摩出题思路。不仅选择题可以用这种思路去刷题，其他所有的题目都可以像这样练习第一遍、第二遍、第三遍、甚至第四遍。四、寄语21级考生在真题的练习上是会花很多时间的，有的时候一套真题做完，一个上午就过去了，再对完答案，又一个下午过去了，考研备考后期的很多时间也会花在真题上。所以大家在备考前期一定要尽量把所有知识点掌握，后期练起真题来才会游刃有余。当然，这个过程必然会是很辛苦的，但是，既然选择了考研这条路，那就需要全力以赴，能努力的时候，不要放弃任何一个可以努力的机会。加油！

世界古代中世纪史第1章史前人类一、单项选择题1欧洲最著名的早期智人是德国的（）。A．斯旺斯孔布人B．布罗肯山人C．尼安德特人D．沙尼达人【答案】C查看答案【解析】尼安德特人，简称尼人，常作为人类进化史中间阶段的代表性居群的通称。因发现于德国尼安德特河谷的人类化石而得名。尼安德特人是现代欧洲人祖先的近亲，从20万年前开始，他们统治着整个欧洲和亚洲西部，但在2.8万年前，这些古人类却消失了。斯旺斯孔布人是考古学家在泰晤士河河谷发现的最早的人骨化石，他们处于直立猿人到早期智人的过渡阶段。布罗肯山人是非洲和近东发现了与欧洲尼人同时代的人类化石，被认为是尼人在其地区的代表，称为类尼人。沙尼达人是西亚旧石器时代早期智人化石之一。2直立人的化石最早是1890年由谁在印尼爪哇发现的？（）。A．荷兰解剖学家杜布瓦B．德国考古学家谢里曼C．英国考古学家柴尔德D．法国考古学家布日耶【答案】A查看答案【解析】直立人的化石最初发现于19世纪，自1890年起，荷兰解剖学家杜布瓦在印度尼西亚爪哇梭罗河边的特里尼尔附近，陆续发现了一批人类化石。3属于晚期智人时期的人类化石是（）。A．德国的海德堡人B．摩洛哥的毛里坦人C．法国的克罗马农人D．中国的北京人【答案】C查看答案【解析】法国的克罗马农人是在距今3万年前出现的一种寿命不长（平均寿命不超过40岁），智慧较高的早期人类，属于晚期智人。1868年，克罗马农人化石发现于法国多尔多涅区的莱塞济附近的克罗马农山洞。德国的海德堡人、摩洛哥的毛里坦人和中国的北京人都属于晚期猿人——直立人。二、概念题1南方古猿答：南方古猿是可以确定的从猿到人的过渡期间的生物。其化石最早于1924年在南非汤恩发现，是一个幼儿的头骨。20世纪50年代被确认属于人科。后来，在南非的其他地方又发现了一些南方古猿的化石。南方古猿的体质特征与人类比较接近，齿弓呈抛物线形，门齿和犬齿比猿小得多，犬齿部突出；拇指能与其他四指对握，显然会使用天然工具；骨盆比猿类宽，说明会直立行走；平均脑容量接近500毫升；雄性平均身高1.52米，雌性平均身高1.25米。已发现的南方古猿可以划分为几个种，如非洲种（又称纤细种）、粗壮种、鲍氏种和湖畔种等。有些学者认为只有非洲种（纤细种）的一支进化为人类。2KNM-ER1470号人类头骨答：KNM-ER1470号人类头骨是1972年在肯尼亚图尔卡纳湖东岸库彼弗拉发现的古人类头骨。发现时这个头骨已分裂为150多块碎片，经复原后按登记号码为KNM-ER1470号头骨（肯尼亚国家博物馆人类化石登记号）。该头骨定年为290万年前，脑容量约为775毫升，肢骨与现代人相似。1470号人是最早的人属的代表之一，但头骨无突出而相连的眉脊，因而它在进化系统中处于何种位置仍有争议。三、论述题简述农业革命。答：（1）新石器时代人类发明了农业和畜牧业。农业的产生是人类历史上一次巨大的革命，这被称为农业革命，又被称为新石器革命。（2）新石器时代农业革命的中心有三个地区：西亚、东亚和中南美洲。①西亚是最早的农业发源地，公元前8000年这里的居民就栽培了大麦和小麦等农作物。②东亚地区的农业中心主要分布在中国、印度和泰国等地，这里的居民，尤其是中国的先民在距今约7000年前就已经种植水稻，在距今约6000年前就种植粟。③中南美洲的墨西哥、秘鲁等地也在公元前5000年左右最早栽培了玉米、马铃薯、南瓜等作物。（3）新石器时代的农业革命具有十分深远的影响：①它使人类从食物的采集者转变为食物的生产者。②它使人类从旧石器时代游荡不定的迁徙生活逐渐转变为定居生活。③它导致了人口的急剧增长。④它极大地促进了人类文明的诞生，世界早期文明就是在农业革命的基础上产生的。麻烦大家关注+点赞，谢谢!!本文由【才聪学习网】原创，关注我了解更多考试资料！

上个周末，一年一度的考研终于结束，这是290万考研学子辛苦准备了很长时间的一场检验。在考试前，今年就被广大网友称为今年是史上考研最难的一年，报考总人数已经超过历年，考研压力可想而知。随着现在就业压力的增大，越来越多的人在本科毕业后选择了读研这条路，据不完全统计，目前很多学校的读研率高达50%以上。除了保送之外，大部分学生不得不通过考研这条路。所以事关290万人的考研公平就非常受到大家的期待和关注。而今年，注定是考研史上最不凡的一年，网友称之为“史上考研最乱的一年”。正常来说，考研跟高考一样，由于涉及面广，所以考试相对还是比较公平公正，这种级别的考试不是普通的期末考试，需要经过层层把关和审核，一般很难出现各种低级错误。然而今年却不一样。相信很多人都知道，根据最新的山东省教育厅公告，山东师范大学、青岛理工大学等2所大学，由于在考研时出现试题错将，将答案直接发给了考生，出现了这种低级错误，而且造成了大面积考生的考试受影响，这属于严重的责任事故。虽然目前，山东省教育厅已经对相关责任人进行了停职处理，下一步的调查还有进行当中。真是让人大跌眼镜，考研这么重要的考试，能够将试题装错，这恐怕是史上第一次闹这么大笑话。可见相关学校在对待考试这件事情上的态度是很有问题。无独有偶，除了山东的2所大学出现这种低级错误，网络上还曝光出电子科技大学这所985高校的考研试题《固体物理》试题出现偏差，将统一组织补考。考研试题出现错误，这将会严重影响考生的情绪，就算是重新补考，多多少少也会受到影响，这种损失谁来弥补？除了上述3所大学将试题弄错，网络上又曝出一则消息，西南大学疑似考研试题泄露。相信，我们每年都能听到这种新闻，不管是高考还是考研，总有不法分子喜欢铤而走险，将本来一场公平的考试硬生生在利益面前被打破。目前，西南大学针对这起事件，正在调查，不管真实与否，调查结果将及时向社会公布。2019年的考研，是将近300万学子实现梦想的一场考试，希望有关部门高度重视，还这场考试一个公平，还考试一个蓝天。对于2019年考研，你们有什么想说的？欢迎交流

小编今天一早起来发现一年一度的考研政治热搜又回来了，大部分人反映今年的考研政治题不难，并且非常多机构都表示压中题目，快来一起看看题目，欢迎留下你的态度。小编真的觉得政治考的绝对不仅仅是背诵的问题，是逻辑简单来说就是你好好审题以后抓住的题眼首先我们看一下真题(大题部分)。非常常规五道题，第一道题马原部分，第二道题毛中特，第三道题史纲，第四道题思修部分。34.马原马原部分我们的策略就是背好那些原理然后对应作答就可以，今年的第一道考题是实践是检验真理的唯一标准如果没记错的话，高中我们就已经学过了是不是？第二道题实践的重要性，这个问题并没有为难我们。马原部分我们的策略就是背好那些原理然后对应作答就可以，今年的时间是检验真理的唯一标准如果没记错的话，高中我们就已经学过了是不是？35.毛中特36.史纲毛中特一般是比较难的部分但是今年考的重大时政不考的宝宝们也知道今年是改革开放40周年纪念日，所以从选材上并没有为难大家；史纲属于简单部分，小编知道很多考研老师考前都会给史纲的答题模板，而且今年的考题史纲部分的题目两次飞跃，马克思给我们指明了方向都是平时大家耳熟能详的内容。37.思修思修部分第一问思想品质类，就是中华民族的传统精神品质的重要意义，第二问法律层面的讲述重要精神品质的重要性，首先得说一下社会主义法律在我国的地位吧，再联系一下为什么要用法律去保护，也就是保护了以后的意义；最后一部分时政外交，即使没有复习也能说上两句是不是？38.时政综上所诉，今年的政治之所以被大家说是简单的很大一部分原因就是材料和提问都是很老套的，就算不考研的宝宝们也熟悉的题目。对于没准备的宝宝们，只要你们逻辑清晰、言之有、结合材料、选择题好好做小编相信分数也不会很差，所以不要担心政治了大家好好准备剩余的几门。预测今年政治分数会高一些！

让不少学生紧张了好久的一年一度的考研，终于在上周落下了帷幕，不少学生纷纷表示自己终于可以歇息两天了。接近三百万的考研学生，为了这一场考试早起晚睡几个月。在考试前，这一次的考试还被评为是史上考研最难的一年，报考人数比往年多得多，可想而知压力会有多大了，但是今年却不是最难的考研年，而是最乱的考研年。按理来说，考研的重要性不亚于高考，所以每年的考试也是很公平公正的，因为这种考试跟普通的期末考试不一样，这是需要经过层层筛选和把关的，按理说是不允许出现有答案、考题泄露的，更别说连试卷都印刷错的这种低级错误了。然后今年倒好，不该出现的通通出现了 。相信刷微博的大家都知道了，前几天山东省教育厅在微博发了公告，由于考研时出现试题错误，山东师范大学和青岛理工大学不小心将答案发给了考生，造成了这种低级错误的发生，对考生造成了很大程度的影响，这属于严重的事故，虽然目前，山东教育厅已经对相关负责人停职了，但是这件事目前为止还在调查当中。考研这场考试有多重要相信大家都知道，能够将试题泄露试题印错，只能证明那个考场的学校对这件事有多么的敷衍，这恐怕可以算是考研史上第一次闹出的大笑话了，可见学校在对待考研考试的态度是很有问题的。但是你以为就山东出错了？Nonono，还有呢，网上曝出电子科技大学这所985大学也出现了《固体物理》试题出现偏差，将重新组织补考，不少考生表示自己只能在考场呆坐三小时。这种低级错误都能犯，影响考生情绪谁负责呢？就算是可以重新补考，但这件事对考生或者以后的考生造成了多大的心理负担？谁去了这所大学考试不害怕呢？这还不算完，网上再次曝出西南大学的考研试题早已泄露，每年这种新闻其实都很多，每次大型考试总有不法分子以为可以从中赚取利润，不惜铤而走险，让一场公平的考试变成利益的趋势。目前西南大学也已经发出公告，针对此事件开始着手调查，不管事情是真是假，还是希望西南大学可以将结果及时得告诉人民群众，也给所有在西南大学考研的学生一个公平的回答。这场考研是接近三百万学子实现自己学业梦想的一个考试，还是希望有关部门可以重视，还考生们一个公平，还考研一片蓝天，不过也有知情微博表示已有五所大学出现类似问题，也不知道究竟是否属实，对于今年这场考研，你有什么想说的吗？

考试是一件非常严肃、紧张、正经的事情，但是毕竟人都会犯错，有时候考官或监考老师也会出现错误，刚刚过去的考研就出现把答案当试卷发的情况，下面一起来看看考场上还出现哪些失误呢？惊呆1. 山东高校试题错装，答案当试卷发刚刚过去的考研发生了“不可思议”的错误，山东师范大学自命题科目《外语教学理论基础》考试把答案当试卷发了。后来发现是印刷封装错误，相关人员表示抱歉，然后学生要补考。网友表示“电视剧都不敢这么演”，也有网友表示同情，“太扎心了，心态崩了”。答案当试题答案当试题答案当试题2. 四六级放错4遍听力前不久，郑州某高校四六级考试上放错了听力，放的听力竟然是去年的，而且放错了4遍，让考试时间延长了13分钟，实在是影响了很多考生的心态。那些听出来错了的考生真的是厉害了，但也有网友说，听力如听天书，其实我的内心毫无波澜。还有网友说“放了一半才告诉我放错了，啥？那我前面那么有信心选的是什么鬼”。这就非常尴尬了，很扎“学渣”的心啊！放错听力3. 高考考场钟停了约20分钟高考是举国瞩目的考试，不管是考生、家长还是老师都非常看重，但是在这么重要的场合上也出现过失误--考场钟停了约20分钟（有说17分钟）。这事可大可小，很多学生都是看着时间做题的，以为时间充裕，突然就要交卷，心里不慌是假的。后续该不该延长时间也是个问题，对于考场内的学生来说，钟停走不是他们的错，理应延时，而对于考场外的学生来说，大家时间其实是一样的，延长时间不够公平。时钟停走最近流行一句话，“你只管努力，其他的交给天意”，虽然有道理，但是也要有应对突发情况的心理素质，在出现这些情况时，尽量先让自己平静下来，保持好心态，然后看监考老师的安排，一般学校是会负责的。每一场考试对努力准备的考生来说都是至关重要的，所以考场相关人员应该要做全面的检查和准备，对考生负责，出现问题也应及时补救，让考生尽量得到公平的对待。对于考场出现的失误，你有什么看法呢？你自己有没有遇到这些情况呢？惊呆了（图片来源网络，如有侵权，请联系作者删除！）