2019考研试卷试题

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2019考研人数达290万，创历年新高。12月22日，研究生考试开始，没想到状况百出，接二连三有高校被“吐槽”——山东师范大学首摆“乌龙”，被曝错将答案当成试卷发给考生；电子科技大学爆出试卷内容出现偏差；有考生发现西南大学考研试题有泄露嫌疑；山西师范大学中国史考研试题与去年大面积雷同……资料图针对考研期间爆出的问题，这几日，各学校、教育厅均作出了相应回应。考研结束了，但关于考研的话题却未退烧。山东师范大学问题：考卷变“参考答案”12月23日下午，山东师范大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目《外语教学理论基础》（科目代码908）正式开考。而此次考试中，原本应该发到考生手中的考卷变成了“参考答案”。回应：补考并报销相关费用23日晚，山东省教育厅在其官方微博对两所高校进行通报，表示真诚向考生道歉，并将认真调查、严肃追究相关责任人的责任。同时，学校将为参加补考的考生报销城市间往返交通费、住宿费及餐费，成绩将以补考为准。有考生表示收到了盖有山东师范大学研究生院公章的补考方案。方案显示，补考时间定于2018年12月27日下午2：00-5：00，补考地点在山东师范大学千佛山校区，相关考生均需参加本次补考，成绩以本次补考为准。对于此次乌龙事件的具体原因以及涉及多少补考考生，山东师范大学宣传部相关负责人表示正在核实之中，下一步会发布详细的通报。该负责人表示，“这次考试是山东师范大学研究生院自主命题，试卷的封装也是由研究生院来负责，对于研究生考试来说，各个院校基本都是这一操作流程。学校对于这一事件的具体细节还在调查，下一步肯定会认真调查并对相关责任人做出处理，但目前最重要的是先安排好补考工作。”他透露，补考会启用备用试卷。电子科技大学问题：固体物理变电路分析同样是在23日的自命题考试科目，电子科技大学《固体物理》试卷内容出现偏差。参加此次考试的考生在微博爆料称，这场名为《固体物理》的考试，发给考生的卷子考点却主要围绕“电路分析”，导致全场考生干坐在考场3个小时。回应：补考并报销相关费用24日晚，记者从电子科技大学宣传部获悉，针对电子科技大学硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目《固体物理》试题内容与考试大纲出现偏差一事，电子科大已成立调查组，将尽快出调查结果。该校研究生招生网已发布通知，向考生致歉。根据教育部《2019年全国硕士研究生招生工作管理规定》，经电子科技大学研究生招生工作领导小组研究并报上级主管部门审核，决定对该科目组织统一补考。补考时间定为2019年1月6日上午。考生参加补考产生的交通费及住宿费按相关标准由电子科大统一报销。23日晚，电子科技大学研究生院向考生发布通知称，电子科技大学2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目《固体物理》（科目代码：818），试题内容与考试大纲出现偏差，无法考核考生相应学科的真实水平，考试未能正常进行。电子科技大学在通知中向考生致歉，并表示将认真调查、严肃追究相关人员的责任。西南大学问题：考研题目疑似泄露23日晚，有网友爆料称西南大学自然地理考研试题泄露。据考生介绍，22日晚，有网友在某考研QQ群里上传了一份名为“自然地理2”的word文档，文档中罗列了一些考研知识点。没想到这些知识点全部出现在考研试题当中，尤其是名词解释这一大题的题目，与文档罗列的顺序一模一样，不禁让人怀疑有人提前将考试题目泄露出来。回应：已成立调查工作组24日早，西南大学在官方微博发布关于网传学校考研试题疑似泄露的情况通报，通报称已成立了以校长为组长，相关校领导、职能部门及学院主要负责人组成的调查工作组。对网上反映的情况，一经查实有违纪违法行为，将依法依规进行严肃处理。山西师范大学问题：考卷与去年雷同24日晚，有网友在微博上称，山西师范大学考研科目中国史卷子跟去年雷同，并表示自己收到山西师范大学研究生院的短信，通知自己26日重新考。有考生爆料，23日上午在考《中国史》科目时，发现考试题跟去年做过的考研题出现了大面积相似情况。“除了前面的选择题不知道之外，名词解释、简答题、分析题、论述题都一样，我感觉就是去年的卷子。”一名马姓同学说，因为自己做过去年的题，在拿到考试题之后自己也很惊讶，但依然考完了全程。此外，有考生反映，青岛理工大学同样也发生了装错试题的“乌龙”事件。回应：重考并报销相关费用山西师范大学目前已通知考生于12月26日下午2：30-5：30重新考试，对于外地参加考试的考生学校将统一报销住宿费及交通费。(来源:重庆晨报)

紧张的2019考研政治已经结束了，小On为大家带来了2019考研政治真题及答案汇总(主观题)，各位考研学子快来看看吧。

距离2019考研初试的日子越来近，剩余的时间里，大家更多的应该是提高应试技能，所以在考试之前一定要对要考试科目的情况熟悉，了解各题型分值，做好时间分配。1、政治政治满分为100分，分为马原、毛概、史纲、思修、当代世界经济与形势与政策五个大部分，不同的部分在试卷上所占分值比例如下图。可以很清楚的看到马原和马概两部分加起来占了试卷上54%的分数，所以大家的复习重点要放到这两大部分上。而形势与政策与当代世界经济与政治虽然只占16%，但是每年政治的题目都是与当前的时政热点密不可分的。每年选择题的材料、材料分析题的材料来源都是热点时政和重要会议的材料，所以大家复习过程中一定要结合时政来复习。另外，政治的题目分为单选、多选、材料分析三类，选择题共计50分，后面的材料分析题其实大家分数都差不多，所以政治想要考高分，选择题尤其是多选题一定要拿到高分。2、英语考研英语分为英语一盒英语二，考察的词汇和难度上略有差异，英语一和英语二在试卷结构上也有很多不同，大家注意区分。考研英语一试卷结构英语一试卷结构总体分为三大块：完形填空、阅读理解（包含选择搭配和英译汉）、写作，其中写作占30分，大家在冲刺阶段要多准备模板，阅读理解占60分，大家一定要认真做。英语二试卷结构英语二试卷结构总体分为四大块：完形填空、阅读理解、翻译、写作，与英语一不同的是，写作只有25分，翻译却占15分。重头戏还是阅读理解，想要考高分还是要靠阅读理解。3、数学考研数学分为数学一、数学二和数学三，考察的科目和分值比例也不同。虽然考察的占比不同，但是试卷上的题型是一样的：选择题(8道共32分)、填空题(6道共24分)、解答题(9道共94分)。满分是150分，考试时间为180分钟，大家一定要保证把基础题目分数拿到，尤其是选择和填空题，时间把控在50分钟到60分钟之间，分数要保证能拿到50分。这样剩下的2个小时可以做9道大题，大题一定要把会的都写上，考研数学是有步骤分的，因此要把自己能计算出来的过程都写上。由于不同专业考察专业课形式不同，这里不做说明，希望大家都把各科试卷结构了然于心，安排好时间！

来源 | 都市现场综合时间视频转载请注明来源考研路途有多艰苦，凌晨4、5点的灯火告诉你；一年800袋的咖啡告诉你；密密麻麻铺满书本的笔记告诉你。考研与高考不同，如果艰辛程度都等同于黑夜中行走，那么相比于高考的成群结队，在考研之路上注定只有你一人，能够与你同行的也是竞争对手。有的人为了笨鸟先飞，大一入学就开始筹备、计划。从酷暑到寒冬，黎明到黄昏，所有的努力都在22、23号这两天决定，就是这个决定命运的周末，考研事故不断，成为2019考研大型翻车现场。一、山东发答案、四川印错题、山西试卷雷同首先送出一血的是豪放派山东省，在23日，山东师范大学英语专业硕士研究生《外语教学理论基础》考试时，该学校直接发放答案。随后，该校研究生院发布公告称，系工作严重失误试题印刷封装出现错误。同时，青岛理工大学的考试也出现同样问题，于是两所高校手拉手决定择日补考。紧跟步伐的是婉约派四川省的电子科技大学，这一次并不是考试发答案这等好事，而是考的根本你不会！23日在全国研究生考试电子科技大学自命题科目《固体物理》的试卷出现偏差，本该考的固体物理卷子印的却是电路分析的题，几百名考生面对题目傻眼，枯坐3小时，无奈交白卷。对此电子科技大学致歉：试卷与大纲出现偏差，决定补考，后续会公布调查结果。最后送人头的是山东的兄弟省份——山西，山西没有山东放荡不羁发答案，它也没有四川的骄傲任性印错题，它选择了更为中庸的方式，用旧题！只要你好好复习了，保证考的你都会！考研高分不是梦。在24日，有网友爆出，山西师范大学2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试的中国史考卷和去年雷同，后经查证，考生反映的情况属实。25日，山西师范大学针发布通告称，考题雷同情况属实，并已通知学生于12月26日补考，考生参加补考所有交通、食宿费用由学校承担，已启动事故调查问责程序，对相关责任人作出停职处理。二、各省份考研试卷出错，谁为考生买单？考研问题年年有，但今年这么多省份试卷一起出错也算是“活久见”。以上三所高校，对于试卷出错问题的解决办法都是择日补考，那么谁该来为买单？停职补考就能解决一切？但这真的能给广大考生一个说法吗？大家都同意补考，是因为这是没办法的办法，但这并不意味着这是一场完全公平的考试。因为某部分人的不顾纪律，不够重视，最后却让无数考生来承担后果，对于考研试卷频频出错，笔者认为还是地方高校监考教育体系不完善，他们认为考研试卷不过是写有问题的纸张，但他们不知道，为了这一门考试，考生要准备多久，看多少本书，背多少理论。校方认为，出错了补考就是，但他们不知道这关乎学校名誉，这是公信力的缺失。之前都是高考是唯一一次完全靠自身的努力，最公平公正的一次选拔，现在终于懂了，原来考研也是如此的“水”。希望，在此之后对于那些犯错，坚决予以严惩，还广大考生一片公平的考试。最后祝愿所有的考生成绩理想，能被理想学校录取。

恭喜你，又看到了第一手资料！今天，中公考研网校小编将为大家分享“2019考研英语一、（二）考试真题及答案完整版”的相关内容。先来英语一、接着是英语二。英语一①真题②答案英语二①真题②答案阅读理解：21C、22B、23A、24B、25D、26D、27D、28B、29A、30C、31B、32C、33A、34D、35A、36A、37A、38A、39C、40B、以上分享结束，后续会继续给出其他各科的真题及答案，请关注我们！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

考研阅卷正在进行中，其实每个地方的阅卷还是存在一定差异的，但是请大家放心，严格的地方都严格，所以大家不用纠结这个。那么大家的试卷是怎么被批阅的呢？阅卷老师真的没空细看吗？1、网传的阅卷旱水区网友们根据各个地方批阅试卷的标准总结了一份旱水区指南，仅供大家参考，当然部分地区如北京、浙江、四川的批卷是历任被认为是非常严格的，被网友评为“玩命极旱区”也不是没有道理的。而评判的标准跟大家所在区域整体的水平也是有关系的，一线城市所在地教育资源发达，整体答卷水平比较高，阅卷老师自然会严格一点。2、阅卷分工合作，各司其职阅卷工作不仅仅是有阅卷组的老师，还包括纪检组、符合组、后勤组等，总共分为6个小组。6个小组分工合作、各司其职，一起配合完成阅卷工作。阅卷老师在阅卷之前会进行培训，然后进行试批，根据大家批阅情况来统一批阅标准，毕竟有的老师严格，有的老师毕竟和蔼，同样一个阅卷组不能执行不同的标准。阅卷完毕后会有纪检组来进行抽检，复合组主要负试卷的复核和分数登记。所有阅卷老师必须佩戴证件才能进行阅卷区，阅卷区禁止携带任何通讯设备！3、阅卷老师没空细看通过对一线阅卷老师调研反馈来看，阅卷工作的节奏非常快，阅卷老师是没有空来仔细阅读你写的是什么的，基本上是扫一眼找关键字，如果找不到那么很可能就不会给分，具体各科打分情况如下。政治阅卷：首先政治的客观题是机器扫描打分的，主题题是没有标准答案的，阅卷老师拿到的是参考答案，所以政治的答案就是见仁见智，只要你能自圆其说结合材料都不会给低分的。英语阅卷：英语阅卷主观题部分主要是翻译和作文，阅卷老师平均每天要批阅800份试卷，所以都是非常快速的，只能看一下大概，如果你把关键句子放在显眼位置那么就很容易得高分。数学阅卷：数学阅卷是采取的“按步骤给分”，即便你最后结果没有算对，但是中间步骤是对的也是有分的。专业课阅卷：专业课是邮寄到你报考院校的，通常都是组织导师们一起阅卷，导师们阅卷一般都会比较照顾的，大家只要不空着都会适当给分的。上述就是每年阅卷的基本情况，阅卷非常快，所以书写工整，要点标明的同学会占很大优势的！

考题泄露、错发答案、出错考题…… 2019考研，这些高校到底是怎么了？专家：暴露高校对研究生培养只重规模不重质量2019考研人数达290万，创历年新高。12月22日，研究生考试开始，没想到状况百出，接二连三有高校被“吐槽”——山东师范大学首摆“乌龙”，被曝错将答案当成试卷发给考生；电子科技大学爆出试卷内容出现偏差；有考生发现西南大学考研试题有泄露嫌疑；山西师范大学中国史考研试题与去年大面积雷同……针对考研期间爆出的问题，这几日，各学校、教育厅均作出了相应回应。考研结束了，但关于考研的话题却未退烧。山东师范大学问题：考卷变“参考答案”12月23日下午，山东师范大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目《外语教学理论基础》(科目代码908)正式开考。而此次考试中，原本应该发到考生手中的考卷变成了“参考答案”。回应：补考并报销相关费用23日晚，山东省教育厅在其官方微博对两所高校进行通报，表示真诚向考生道歉，并将认真调查、严肃追究相关责任人的责任。同时，学校将为参加补考的考生报销城市间往返交通费、住宿费及餐费，成绩将以补考为准。有考生表示收到了盖有山东师范大学研究生院公章的补考方案。方案显示，补考时间定于2018年12月27日下午2：00-5：00，补考地点在山东师范大学千佛山校区，相关考生均需参加本次补考，成绩以本次补考为准。对于此次乌龙事件的具体原因以及涉及多少补考考生，山东师范大学宣传部相关负责人表示正在核实之中，下一步会发布详细的通报。该负责人表示，“这次考试是山东师范大学研究生院自主命题，试卷的封装也是由研究生院来负责，对于研究生考试来说，各个院校基本都是这一操作流程。学校对于这一事件的具体细节还在调查，下一步肯定会认真调查并对相关责任人做出处理，但目前最重要的是先安排好补考工作。”他透露，补考会启用备用试卷。电子科技大学问题：固体物理变电路分析同样是在23日的自命题考试科目，电子科技大学《固体物理》试卷内容出现偏差。参加此次考试的考生在微博爆料称，这场名为《固体物理》的考试，发给考生的卷子考点却主要围绕“电路分析”，导致全场考生干坐在考场3个小时。回应：补考并报销相关费用24日晚，记者从电子科技大学宣传部获悉，针对电子科技大学硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目《固体物理》试题内容与考试大纲出现偏差一事，电子科大已成立调查组，将尽快出调查结果。该校研究生招生网已发布通知，向考生致歉。根据教育部《2019年全国硕士研究生招生工作管理规定》，经电子科技大学研究生招生工作领导小组研究并报上级主管部门审核，决定对该科目组织统一补考。补考时间定为2019年1月6日上午。考生参加补考产生的交通费及住宿费按相关标准由电子科大统一报销。23日晚，电子科技大学研究生院向考生发布通知称，电子科技大学2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试自命题科目《固体物理》(科目代码：818)，试题内容与考试大纲出现偏差，无法考核考生相应学科的真实水平，考试未能正常进行。电子科技大学在通知中向考生致歉，并表示将认真调查、严肃追究相关人员的责任。西南大学问题：考研题目疑似泄露23日晚，有网友爆料称西南大学自然地理考研试题泄露。据考生介绍，22日晚，有网友在某考研QQ群里上传了一份名为“自然地理2”的word文档，文档中罗列了一些考研知识点。没想到这些知识点全部出现在考研试题当中，尤其是名词解释这一大题的题目，与文档罗列的顺序一模一样，不禁让人怀疑有人提前将考试题目泄露出来。回应：已成立调查工作组24日早，西南大学在官方微博发布关于网传学校考研试题疑似泄露的情况通报，通报称已成立了以校长为组长，相关校领导、职能部门及学院主要负责人组成的调查工作组。对网上反映的情况，一经查实有违纪违法行为，将依法依规进行严肃处理。山西师范大学问题：考卷与去年雷同24日晚，有网友在微博上称，山西师范大学考研科目中国史卷子跟去年雷同，并表示自己收到山西师范大学研究生院的短信，通知自己26日重新考。有考生爆料，23日上午在考《中国史》科目时，发现考试题跟去年做过的考研题出现了大面积相似情况。“除了前面的选择题不知道之外，名词解释、简答题、分析题、论述题都一样，我感觉就是去年的卷子。”一名马姓同学说，因为自己做过去年的题，在拿到考试题之后自己也很惊讶，但依然考完了全程。此外，有考生反映，青岛理工大学同样也发生了装错试题的“乌龙”事件。回应：重考并报销相关费用山西师范大学目前已通知考生于12月26日下午2：30-5：30重新考试，对于外地参加考试的考生学校将统一报销住宿费及交通费。