考研17年数二真题

2010-2019年 考研数学一二三真题 逐题精讲视频已出!!!考研数学真题讲解：每日一练227天一、题目二、解析考研路上，你我同行。加油！关注“泰笛牛考研数学”，一次性获得完整历年考研数学真题资料！还可以免费享受在线答疑！关注能考140+分哦~

2018年考研查分已经全面结束了，坐等分数线出来了，不出大家的意料，2018考研数学的分数跟难度很匹配，分数就是不高，致使很多同学都说自己败给了数学。有的同学花了5个月最后才50多分，有的同学平时都120分最后也才50多分。所以很多同学对数学都很绝望，所以很多报考2019的同学在选择专业的时候都重点考虑数学，有的同学甚至在考虑去考管理类联考，因为认为都是高中数学。那么我们今天来看看大家都咋看待17考研数学史上最简单、18年考研数学史上最难按照这规律19考研数学到底会怎样呢？不管最终咋样听别人的意见，和少数人讨论自己做决定。一、近三年的数学命题太不稳定了，考研命题组在干嘛？二、16数学怎么样？三、我觉着以后数学整体难度会上台阶的，有点这种趋势了，选拔人才。四、2006年的最简单，其次就是1994年和2017年。五、还是不要预测的好，认真复习，大量练习，遇到什么题都会有思路，这样不管多难都能得分。六、对于考研的人来说每年都很难。七、16只是计算量大，算不出来而已。18更难，题型偏，根本没法下笔。八、我看了均分今年没有16难，至少结果上16年分低的吓人。 九、16均分多少，那些说18比16难的，都是没考过16的，只是在下面做了一下，和考场感觉不一样的。。16老学长路过。。十、三站党，16年数一难在计算量大，数学二其实不算很难。18年数学一数学二都难，题型很偏计算量也很大。十一、奇数年数学基本偏简单。十二、明年你就发现，18年考研数学，16考研数学，15考研数学归于一样难了，然后19考研数学的最难，说到底真正好好学的没有低分的。十三、说归说15考研数学应该不能和16 18比吧，真题测试除16年120其他年份均分135以上，15年真题的做完就对16年印象深18就不说了大坑。十四、考前做的16卷子大题就两题计算量大算不出来，时间可以控制在两个半小时做完，今年18考场上做的大题就两题完全解出来，坐在位置上最后半个小时顶着空着的答题纸不知道怎么办，考个四小时我也做不出来其他的，除却考场紧张因素，感觉完全不一样。十五、根据连续年份难度跨度，我觉得98年数学最难，和前面几年相比是空前的难度。十六、数一16年最难。数二，数三都是18年最难。十七、每年的考生都会说当年是最难的，这是铁律。（17年的可不这么说）十八、大不了就是再难点，还能怎样。看了大家的讨论其实我们可以看得出来，考研数学每年都在变化，16的计算难、17年相对简单、18年的题目考查更偏一些，根据历年考研的人数来看这个还是很好理解的。那么2019年的考研数学应该不会太简单，毕竟考研是一个选拔性的考试，需要选拔高级人才。不管咋样我们给大家几点意见：第一、数学在基础复习的时候不要想到什么考什么不考，早点准备，过课本的时候都要面面俱到。第二、不要用真题来评价自己的能力，因为真题在你做其他题的时候都会涉及到一些。第三、一定要多做模拟试题，给模拟试题留充足的时间，免得在考场上自己不适应。希望对大家有帮助，我们是知了网伴随，大学生成长的趣味、高效在线学习平台，欢迎关注我们每天的原创文章，更多的考研、四六级等内容请关注我，点关注不迷路，也欢迎大家私下交流，如若认同请帮忙分享转发。

昨天谈到考研数学的做题的近几年平均分，难度值，以及易失分的部分。今天来说说关于做真题的内容。一、真题要做多少年的？从87年开始考数学开始，到今已经有33年真题了其中：1987-2002年卷面满分是100分2003-2019年卷面满分是150分①做17年真题就是03年-19年，这17年的真题难度相对趋于稳定，和现在大家要参加的20真题应该是比较有贴近的。而87年-02年真题难度系数波动大，考察内容不是很合理。所以做这17年的真题，对于归纳出题套路，有很好的模拟考察的效果。②做23年真题97年-02年真题虽然只有100分，但98年和99年两年的真题是非常经典的，计算量大，这不是16年又出现了一回，所以要有应对出这种类型的试卷的心理准备。阿呆建议可以先把03年-19年的真题先做完，后面可以继续往前做到97年，至于更早的，大家挑一些经典题型来做即可。当然了，张宇老师每年都是让从87年开始做。二、真题书如何选择？第一类是李永乐老师的真题书（05-19年）和李正元老师的真题书（05年-19年），大家现在在一些经验贴上看到“二/双李”说的就是这两位，以前他们两个是一伙的，后来分家了。两位都是考研界的泰山北斗，质量这块是可以保证的。这两套图书，应该是比较像的，前面是历年真题权威解答，后面一半是章节的真题汇总，方便大家归纳复习；这两套书的真题解析大多数都会带有多解，并且对早年的真题中的一些经典题目也列出来了，作为习题补充给大家，这个刚好弥补了让大家自己去找前面多年真题经典题目的空白。大家选择一位老师的书就可以了。第二类就是张宇老师的真题大全解，张宇老师推荐的是从87年-19今年的全做，书名叫真题大全解太正确了，全面覆盖了33年的真题，同时搭配了高昆仑老师进行33年真题大串讲。大家如果有买了张宇老师的真题大全解的，可以按照这样去做。同样汤家凤老师也是87-19年的真题全解，老师自己讲真题，分为上下册：上册（87年-99年）这部分在汤家凤老师公众号免费解析视频；下册（00年-19年）这部分是需要大家花钱买的。这两类真题图书都有套卷做题版和章节归纳版，So两类大家可以自行选择，但是不推荐那种只按照套卷出解答的真题资料，那种不方便大家第二轮做真题归纳复习。三、真题要做几遍？真题至少是要做两遍滴。第一遍：按照套卷模拟考试这样，严格按照时间来做，大家要充5分利用起来，不要做一道甚至还没做出来，只是有一个思路就开始看答案了。第一轮就可以在一个专门的本子或是有打印了答题卡上模拟做，虽然只是复习练习，也要工工整整的把解题步骤写出来，草稿纸也不要随便乱画，便于检查是哪里计算错误，这点对于选择填空题尤为重要，考卷上只要一个答案。对于错题可以整理错题本或是订正后扫描到手机制成电子版。第二遍：按照章节知识点再做一遍，做的时候建议高数线代概率同时进行，考研数学的一些知识，久了不用就会生疏的，大家有没有感觉学习考研数学很需要“背”才能不忘，不单纯是理解。最后要说下关于对答案以后分数的事情，只是一个参考，真题就是用来查缺补漏的，发现问题，解决问题才是做真题的关键。

现在对于参加考研的学生来说，最关注的就是今年的考研究竟难不难呢？因此你便会看到很多学生自从考场回到学校讨论的问题都是以今年的考研难度为主线，有的学生表示今年的考研试题是真的难，但也有一部分考生表示今年的试题还是相对来说比较容易一些，那么到底是难还是不难呢？或许我们那些二战考研的学生更加有发言权吧！据了解很多二战考研的学生表示，今年的考研试题相对于去年的考研试题来说还是要容易很多的。我想凡是关注考研的学生来说，都清楚18考研的试题难度，拿数学来说，18考研的数学试题所考察的知识点都有超纲的知识点，这难倒了诸多的考生，所以18考研数学考试结束后，是真的有很多学生便放弃了后续的考试了，选择放弃了，因为数学这一单科成绩已经是没戏了。更为重要的是在2月公布的研究生招生考试的最低分数线中，数学的最低分数线下降了非常的多，所以这足以说明18考研数学试题非常的难。但对于今年的数学试题来说，二战考研的学生表示难度不是没有但是相对于去年的考研数学已经是简单了很多了，所以他们认为今年的数学相对容易一些。此外，今年的英语试题上，虽然有几个单词考研学生表示不认识，阅读理解不会做，新题型不会做等诸多情况，但是从目前的情况来看今年的英语试题相对于去年的英语试题还是有一定的下降。二战考研的学生也表示，今年的英语试题有难度，但是绝对没有18考研的难，因为去年他们在做英语的时候不管是作文还是阅读，或者还是新题型都是非常的难，最后在所公布的英语单科国家线上也明显的体现了出来，18英语单科线相对于17年英语单科线整整下降了两分。所以，从那些二战考研的学生得出的结论是相对于去年的考研来说，今年的考研还是比较容易的，但是依然非常的有一定的难度。或许这些二战考研的学生，对于今年的考研试题会更加的有清晰的认识，毕竟参加了去年的硕士研究生招生考试，有了一定的对比，因此大致可以确定今年 的考研试题相对于去年的考研试题还是比较简单一些的。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2019公共课，考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！这是教育部考试中心整理的官方数据，而且样本容量大、分析全面，因此具有很高的参考价值。难度系数如何计算如果90%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.9，难度系数与难度成反比，即难度系数越小，难度越大。英语难度分析一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多事热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：20考研数学是一场硬仗！，必须潜心钻研！政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。目前并没有公布平均分及难度系数，但2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。公共课均分分析由以上列出的平均分以及以往的经验，我们可以简要分析一下各科公共课的特点：政治：政治的均分一般在65分左右，不管是985学校还是211学校，录取生中政治分数差别不大。因此建议大家65保底，往70+冲。当然如果专业是新闻等比较偏文科的专业，大家的政治水平都比较高，建议考到70+。英语：英语是一门你觉得大家都考65，但实际上别人个个70+的科目。因此如果你之前的目标是65的话，就请你再努努力了，65在211学校中属于一般水平，在985学校中甚至有些拖后腿了。数学：数学由于数一、数二、数三难度不同而有所差别；一般来说，985学校数学均分还是在120+的，对于211学校，数学均分也在100+的水平，看下自己有没有达到哦。需要注意的是，以上只是平均分，如果想在复试中有些竞争优势，这些分数可是不够的哦。总而言之，加油努力吧，分数越高越好!希望大家都能好好把握剩下的两个多月，争取一战成硕！

最近研招信息满天飞，前几天高教社也发布了2019公共课的考研平均分以及难度系数。考研是面向几百万考生的选拔性考试，其难度一般是有规律的，通过往年统计数据，我们可以从中预测考研的难度趋势，从而使复习进程更具针对性。今天小白就替大家作一个分析。1英语难度分析 2019考研英语真题全国平均分情况如下：英语一48.59分，难度系数0.486英语二52.66分 难度系数0.5272019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：这里为大家稍微解释一下「试题难度」。通俗地说，60%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.6，难度系数越小，代表难度越大。从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。同样地，英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：英语二的结果分析与英语一类似，只不过试卷难度增加了一丢丢，阅读理解难度与前两年基本持平，翻译和小作文难度要大一些。今年7月份公布的英语考研大纲变动不大，变化的地方仅仅是新增了30多个一带一路相关国家、地区的名称…今年考研英语的难度应该会和往年持平，不过要注意的是，如果今年的翻译出了新增地名，翻译不对肯定是要扣分的。此外，今年的考研英语作文中，「国际文化交流」、「文化之间的理解、沟通」类话题可能成为热点。总之英语的复习要始终围绕真题就对了，后期名师冲刺试卷出来了，也不需要太当回事！（小白10月左右就会推出为大家总结的超强英语真题阅读套路技巧和作文模板语料库啦，一点都不虚）2数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中小白将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化，对此宇哥的观点是：各数学卷子自己的特色题目加强，数学一高数下册、线代的向量空间做重点命题；数学二高数上册做重点命题，数学三高数上下册选取数学一二的公共部分做重点命题。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，16年平均分低出了新境界，当时可是一片骂声啊...其难度估计也是后无来者了，所以大家要辩证分析。数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：「20考研数学是一场硬仗！」，必须潜心钻研！19年数学具体到各题型的难度分析如下：数学一数学二数学三3政治70+建议比较遗憾，政治目前没有官方发布的平均分及难度系数，但近十年考研政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。今年最受关注的政治大纲已经发布，但对比往年只是微调，所以政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年，不过每年的大题热点都不同的，其得分情况取决于大家后期的掌握程度。如果考研政治目标为70+，各题型、各科目要保证如下分数：从题型上看，单选题必须拿到14分以上，多选需拿到26分以上，分析题拿到30分以上。从考试内容上看，马原拿到15分；毛中特拿到25分；史纲10分；思修法基12分；时政及当代8分以上。如果大家能够达到这个水平，考研政治70+是很有希望的！政治是回报率很高的学科，所以拿高分也不难，强烈建议大家把小白的《政治选择题考点大全》用起来，配套刷题小程序，70+妥妥滴啊！点击文末「阅读原文」即可获取哦！马上就要预报名啦，明天小白会为大家讲解预报名「填写报考信息」的步骤，大家如果有什么问题今天都可以留言哦，小白明天会进行解答，笔芯！

关注励志学生，每天更新，获取最新教育资讯！本文全网版权保护，违规转载洗稿必究！19考研：17考研学长对各科的复习建议请收下距离2019考研还有不到三周的时间了，很多同学早已经摩拳擦掌打算奋力一搏，也有的同学对自己没有信心，觉得自己还有很多知识没有学完。其实在现在的时间状况，同学们有各种心理都是正常的，我记得我17年考研的时候就是这个时间，心理也是有些崩溃的。但是同学们一定要记住的一件事就是坚持下去，因为那些没有坚持下去的人都已经为你做了嫁衣。今天励志学生，来和同学们一起说一说我当年考研的经验以及接下来对于各科的复习建议，仅个人观点哦，同学们可以根据自己的实际情况调整。决战考研一、数学数学不管现在数学一、数学二、数学三，相信同学们对于各个知识点的把握已经题目的练习都已经做得很好的，那么在接下来还有不到三周的时间要做的并不是再去学习一些新的东西，而是把自己已经学好的旧的知识去记牢，去反复练习。我们并不是要去考满分，我们要的是在考场一定的时间内去拿自己能拿的最高分，所以，能把自己会的全部作对，那你就是最棒的。同学们最好把高数、线代、概率需要背的公式，需要用到的定理、推论，以及需要自己背诵的例题，每天拿出来抽一定的时间去背，我对数学的学习看法就是，数学是需要背诵的，背过一到例题，会举一反三，那么在考场上，有些题并不需要动脑，只需默写即可，我当年也是这么做的，考的成绩也是很理想的。考研考场现场二、英语英语大家理念真题已经做了得有三四遍了吧，相信同学们对于小作文的模板、大作文的模板、完形填空的做法、阅读理解各种题型的做法，以及翻译题的做法都有了自己的方法。再接下来我不建议同学们去买一些考研老师出的预测题。因为我当年的时候就是买了一套预测题，基本上就没有对几个，这样会对自己的信心打击非常大，而且预测题和真题出入很大，我觉得没有做的必要。同学们在接下来的三周里，每天抽时间去读一读历年真题（包括完型、阅读、翻译），来培养自己的语感，而且把自己总结不会的单词，每天拿出来背一背，如果想要练习题目的话，我建议还是用历年真题练习，这样自己会一直保持对历年真题的状态。考研考场现场三、政治政治相信不用励志学生说，肯定是八套卷、四套卷了。怎么去利用八套卷和四套卷我以前的文章也是具体的说过，今天就不做过多阐述了，不知道的同学可以去看看我以前写的文章。考研加油四、专业课专业课，每个同学都是不一样的，但是有一个共同的特点就是，考试时间是一样的，考试复习资料是类似的。考试时间都是下午，所以同学们去练习专业课的时候，也要选择下午，让自己在下午的时候一直能保持做题的状态。考试复习资料当然都是每个学校的历年真题了，我相信同学们只要把报考院校的历年真题做熟，考高分肯定是没问题的。在接下来的几天里，我建议继续背诵需要背诵的，练习可以两天一套题。必须考上研究生同学们考研大战即将来临，你们做好准备了吗？励志学生陪你到最后，有什么关于考研的问题尽快问，我一定会回！本文参与打击网络侵权盗版“剑网2018”专项行动，违规转载洗稿必究！

相信考研的学生都听说考研存在大小年，也就是奇偶年，意思就是说考研奇数年容易，偶数年难。那2020年考研的同学是不是已经在风中瑟瑟发抖了呢？选专业在考研交流圈里，一直都有存在着考研大小年的话题。意思是考研一年容易一年难，具体来说是奇数年容易，偶数年难。那么说到这，2020考研的同学瑟瑟发抖了？考研存在大小年这个说法，在某种程度上是认同的，假如前一年题目难度大，则第二年难度就会小。这可以从数学考试中看出来，比如16.18年数学难，17年数学就简单。那大家所说的大小年真的存在吗？有可信度吗？从考研分数看大小年其实所谓的大小年是大家按照每一年出题的老师难度以及各个学科的分数线而推出来的一种趋势。这种趋势可以给大家一定参考，但是绝不可以100％相信。考研公共课的题目是出题人按照大纲来出题的，不会存在太偏、太难的题目，因此在备考过程中，大家只要好好准备就可以了，不要存在侥幸心理。专业课题目对于考研的专业课题目，一般都是学习自己命题，大家只要好好做学校的真题就可以了，多多研究学校出题的规律，至于大小年，大家自己心里有数就可以了。大小年只是一个说法，没有绝对意义。而存在大小年的原因也是命题老师根据以往的考生录取考生考试情况而做出的灵活变化。2020考研2020年是偶数年，那考试难度真的会增加吗？我们又应怎么办呢？其实大家不用担心，就算考试难度增加，那也是大家一起难，分数说低都是一起低，你还怕什么呢？而且考研难度和你是否能看上关系不大，考研难度和你的复习有关，如果你平时认真、踏实复习，那无论题目难易你都会考的很好！最后，预祝2020年考研的学生们顺利上岸！