考研究生英语考试题型

勤思学员经验：考研英语阅读题型做题方法，排除干扰选项现在这个阶段，好多同学都出现了英语阅读一错就三四个错的状况，甚至会怀疑自己背的单词到底有没有用。出现问题的时候，我们应该积极的面对问题，而不是怀疑自己的努力。当然啦，努力也应该采用正确的方法去努力，不然很容易走弯路。单词肯定是要背的，这点毋庸置疑。在背单词的基础上，我们也应该正确的总结英语阅读中不同题型的不同做法。一.细节题1.标志：(1)what,how,problem(文中出现否定、负面的回答);which... true，suggest that...，on...(2)why，because(=since/as/for)，because of，e to，contribute to，in that，intend to...等等找因果关系(3)当你无法判断是不是细节题的时候，就先判断是不是其他六种题，若不是，则为细节题。2.方法：(1)定位：把题目定位到句子是解题最为重要的依据，有时候需要结合上下句来判断逻辑，逻辑存在相反或者相同两种。(2)转折：定位到句子或者段落的时候，重点关注转折词之后!but,however等词语!可以卷子上圈出来，提醒自己重点关注。(3)比较：当纠结两个选项的时候，可以采用比较方法，选择最佳的答案，何为最佳答案?记住!文中反复出现的反复强调的主题就是重点!!!比如全文都在表达作者的观点是“夸A某人”，那在选项中有关于说A某人不好的则可以排除!(4)同义改写：其实选项中很多都是原文中句子的改写。如果词汇量够大的话，可以把握一下从句还有分词结构的同义改写。也是在尊重原文的态度基础上，去进行改写，不可以脱离文本。3. 干扰选项不只在细节题里，其他题也同样适用。在选项中出现绝对化的用词时，例如：most,only,exclusively,never,all,最高级等词语时，一般不选。注意，是一般不选，不排除出现例外的情况哦二. 词汇题1. 标志：“????”(一个词语或者一段话)most probably means?(大致也是同意替换)2. 方法：首先定位好这个单词所在的句子和段落，然后把选项ABCD的四个选项带入到句子中，判断句子的意思是否通顺，是够跟上下文存在逻辑关系。大家看到“???”中是自己不认识的单词时，一定不要惊慌，这个单词90%的可能你不认识，但是选项ABCD中的单词一定是在大纲内，若选项中还是不认识的话，就去多刷单词书吧。也可以根据逻辑关系去找同义词或者反义词。如果句首出现了but,however,in spite of,yet,(转折词);now,nowadays,before(时间线的词语时)3. 干扰选项特征：那种特别简单，一看就是同义转换的字面意思的选项，可以简单排除。三. 例证题1. 标志：by citing...,story,example,case,illustrate,demonstrate,to show,is mentioned to ..., to ..., intended to ...(为了...)2. 方法：(1)其实例子本身并不是最关键的东西，最关键最重要的是例子背后所支持的观点，观点的话一般在在提出例子的段落中，百分之八十的概率是观点是在例子前，有时候的话观点也会在例子后面。(2)注意：有时候观点和例子可以存在不同的段落(3)有时候答案也会对是对定位观点的某个一句子或者某个词组进行同义改写。3. 干扰选项：(1)就事论事--例子本身，并没有引申到定位的观点和态度。(2)讨论的其他观点，逻辑和例子做证实的态度相反。小tips：就真题的研究来看，如果能够理解并且掌握到例子内容，做题会更加精准和准确，可以帮助同学更好的理解原文。四. 中心思想题1. 标志：what this essay mainly about discuss?/ what is the best title?/what the purpose of this essay?(文章主要讲了什么?主旨是什么?)2. 方法(可以合并使用)(1)普遍方法：(串线法加排除法)首先将各段的首末句串联成一个整体，同时注意每个段落的转折处!这样就能了解全文的大概主旨了。(2)中心句法：首先看文章开头的提问，对文章中的问句回答就是中心;也可以去找文章中的独段句：一个句子单独成一个段落。一般这个句子也是文章所表达的主旨。(3)中心词：这是最直接的方式了!文章中反复出现的词语就是中心词。中心词的同义改写或者替换的词语也要重点关注!3. 排除干扰选项的方法：(1)选项中概括的中心思想过于片面。只是对原文中某一两段进行了概括，没有提炼整篇文章的中心思想。(2)选项中概括的中心细想范围太大。对原文的中心思想进行了扩大化概括，无中生有出作者没有表达的态度。五. 作者态度题1. 标志：what is author’s attitude about sth.?/Deem/ consider/ tone/ believe/hold ...2. 方法：——选项词汇归纳(1)正面态度词：positive/optimistic/approval/supportive(2)负面态度词：①　negative/pessimistic/disapproval/critical/objectionable (令人恶心的)②　doubrful/suscipious/sketical/quetionable(表示怀疑的)(3)中立态度词：netural/objective/impartial/disinterested(与个人利益无关的)/tolerance/cautiousness/3. 干扰选项——一定不选的!Uninterested(不感兴趣的)/unconcerned(不关心的)/indifferent(漠不关心的)/confused/puzzled(困惑的)/biased/prejudiced(带有偏见的)/contemptuous/subjective4. 当作者态度没有明确提出的时候：(1)方法一：串联文章的框架，即将每段的首末句串线起来，去寻找作者的态度。当作者表示支持A事件时，选项中表示负面态度词时，则一定不选。(2)方法二：关注文中的形容词和副词adj./adv. 形容词和副词也存在着褒义和贬义，可以判断出作者对某件事情以及某个人的态度。(3)方法三：关注转折词后面的内容。(4)方法四：关注情态动词后面的内容。情态动词后面一般会表达作者的态度和观点。常见的情态动词有：常用的情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would).(5)一些句型结构也会表达作者的观点：①　It is +adj. + (for)...②　There is (are)...③　This is not ...(6)少数派原则：当文中提到大多数人都支持A观点时，这个时候可能作者就是反对A观点的一方。这称为少数派原则。当文中提到只有一些人，少数人，支持A观点时，这个时候作者很有可能也是支持A观点的。关键词有：few/solely/less/rarely等小tips：文中表示怀疑A事件时，就表示否定;出现问句或者“?”，有时也表明否定。六.推理判断题1. 标志：题目中出现 infer/learn from/imply/suggest/conclude/holds that 等词语时，表明是推理判断题。2. 方法：(1)找好定位句和定位段落(2)同义改写：细节要遵循主旨!推理题一般是对某个细节长难句的推理，不要因为没读懂长难句就选择失误。一般选项会设置干扰选项会让你误判，这个时候要记住跟作者态度和文章中心相反的选项尽量不要选择，也可以利用这个方法进行筛选。(3)反向逻辑：文中出现转折词but,however时多出现推理。小tips：(1)一般正确答案往往语气缓和，标志词有：may/might/some，含有这些词语的选项一般为正确答案。注意是一般!不要过于绝对化(2)比较级，最高级等容易设置干扰选项;选项括号内的内容要读哦!掌握题型以后，我们也应该正确的把握做题的方式，不然很容易导致无法在有限时间内做完所有的题目。根据英语一阅读的总分和总时间，我们归纳出1分=1.8分钟，所以一道阅读题是18分钟，鉴于大家不同的基础，25分钟勉强可以接受。下面正式和大家聊一下做题的步骤：拿一套真题，打开，翻开一篇阅读。1. 给这篇阅读每个段落进行标号。2. 翻到这篇阅读后面，读题干，(题干的顺序基本和阅读段落的顺序一致，偶尔会有例外)3. 读完题干以后，可以根据关键词出现的多少，大概的判断出这篇文章的是围绕什么来讲的4. 再回到第一个题干，去确认第一问是问什么的5. 返回到文章的首段，带着问题去读前几段6. 当出现题干中的关键词或者中心点以后，做个标记，然后对应到题干中，寻找答案00001.后面的题目重复567即可。“得阅读者得天下”不是空穴来风，现实就是掌握阅读做题方法以后，新题型，完形填空都会变得简单起来。希望同学在做题的时候也好好总结自己做题的错因，拿个小本子记录一下。英语一80分也是可以争取的~祝大家好运连连，所有的努力都有收获~星光不负赶路人!冲鸭!

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2021考研英语大纲于9月10号新鲜出炉。英语新题型部分基本没有变化。建议同学们好好的去分析找到解题的思路和方法，尤其对于英语二的同学，若方法得当，新题型部分基本能得满分。下面文都考研小编来和大家分享新题型的复习方法（英语一和英语二都适用）。（1）考纲规定考查考生对于连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。（2）题型分类英语一新题型包含三类，小标题对应、选句填空和排序题；英语二新题型包含两类，小标题对应、多项对应题。（3）答题时长：15分钟以内（4）解题策略①小标题对应（小标题）第一步：根据direction里的about后的内容或文章大标题或者首段首末句，判断文章主旨；第二步：浏览小标题，划出关键词；第三步：阅读41-45题对应段落的首句、末句、转折句等进行匹配，选不出来可跳过，等全部做完在回来选择，确定选出的答案可划掉，以免重复选择。②选句填空题（完型填句）第一步：观察41-45题前后的特殊词、代词指代和明显的逻辑关系；第二步：精读首段或41题前面的句子，寻找文章主旨或预测下文；第三步：阅读每一个选项的前半句或者首句，寻找匹配线索；第四步：针对空格瞻前顾后，匹配答案。先易后难做题。③排序题（段落排序）第一步：首段未给出的段落，先判读首段。首段已给出的段落精读首段，寻找文章主旨或预测下文；第二步：观察各段的首尾句的代词指代和明显逻辑关系； 第三步：阅读每一个选项的首句，寻找解题线索；第三步：利用线索词，进行段落之间的排序。④多项对应（信息匹配）第一步：标记段落号；第二步：浏览答题框左侧专有名词或者定位线索词，带回原文定位；第三步：浏览答题框右侧选项，划出关键词；第四步：进行原文定位句与选项的匹配。

众所周知，考研英语对于准备考研的小伙伴来说至关重要。而考研英语满分是100分，时间是180分钟。平均下来，就是需要我们在18分钟内完成10分的题目。除去涂卡的时间，大概就是需要15分钟完成10分的题目。在考研英语这几大提醒中，阅读又占据了英语的大概半壁江山，传统阅读就占到40分。所以阅读的得分情况对于我们英语过线或者拿到高分都至关重要，我们应该非常重视阅读这一题型。那在备考过程中我们如何来快速而准确的完成我们的阅读题目，取得理想的分数呢？下面我们就考研英语阅读六种题型的解题技巧做个梳理和归纳总结。一、题型分析首先，我们应该从考研英语阅读的体裁进行分析，大部分阅读的文章属于议论文。那议论文的核心结构就是论点和论据两部分。阅读题目的题型主要有以下六种： ① 主旨大意题（对中心论点的考查）；② 段落推断题（段落论点的考查）；③ 例证题（论点和论据关系的考查）；④ 态度题（作者或者文章某人对某事物的观点态度的考查）；⑤ 词义句意题（对某个词或者句子意义的考查）；⑥ 细节题（对文章某个细节事实信息的考查）。明确了阅读题的六大题型，我们就可以针对每个题型来梳理和归纳每类题的解题思路和技巧了。二、六大题型解题思路不同的题型考查的重点不一样，所以每类题型的解题思路也会有差异。下面我们来想归纳一下该六大题型的解题技巧，给同学们的阅读解题提供思路和方法。① 主旨大意题主旨大意题识别：该题是针对文章中心的考查。我们做阅读题目的第一步永远是识别题目。主旨大意题的识别比较简单：题干中出现title,subject, mainly about/discuss/The text intends to tell us ...等这些字眼的时候，我们要能识别出来是主旨大意题；而且在题目位置的设定上，主旨大意题一般都在最后一题。解题思路：一、通过读题干解主旨大意，一共有三种方法，分别是：1）通过题干中反复出现的普通表达及同义词来解；2）首末题干解；3）题干中的态度倾向来解。二、通过文章确定答案：1）看文章开头，围绕转折寻找文章中心；2）看看是否是“抛砖引玉”引出文章中心；3）通过文章首句判断文章中心。（注：需要提醒的是这三种读题干解主旨大意题的方法是有顺序的。永远是优先考虑第一种，第一种不能有效解题的时候在再考虑第二种，然后第三种。通过读题干我们可以解出一部分主旨大意题，还有一部分主旨大意题我们不能通过读题干解出来，这时我们可以采用第二类。第二类也是遵循同样的顺序，优先考虑第一种，有无明显转折，没有转折，再看是否是抛砖引玉，最后看首句）最后定位信息和选项进行信息匹配，选出答案。② 段落推断题段落推断题识别：1）题干中infer/imply/indicate/learn from/suggest等标志词2）某段discuss/conclude....3）Which of the following is true according to Para X ?解题思路：由于段落推断题主要是对段落论点的考查，经常考查的段落论点的位置常在段落的转折处、段首和段末出现。所以我们的解题思路是：先看段落有无明显的转折，没有明显转折再看段首，段首不能解题，再看段末。最后进行定位处信息与选项信息进行匹配，那个信息匹配度最高，哪个是我们的答案。③ 例证题例证题识别： 1）题干中example/case/story.... is to show/demonstrate/illustrate...相关字眼的；2）位置识别：把题干信息放回原文，发现信息是例子，间接判断。解题思路：识别后，用题干中的例子信息进行原文定位，（既然是例证题，所以例子作为论据是证明论点的）然后在定位的例子前找例子证明的观点信息，然后把观点信息和选项信息进行匹配，匹配度最高为答案。④ 态度题态度题识别：1）题干中有attitude,view, opinion, feel等词2）选项中是四个态度词解题思路：由于考研阅读的文章大部分来自于西方权威学术议论文，这就限定了在这样的文章中作者不能随意表达自己的观点态度。有一些态度可以表达，有一些态度不可表达。可以表达的态度：1)“正”态度，即积极、正面的态度：agree/support/positive/appreciation/...2) “负”态度，即消极、负面的态度：disagree/ oppose/ negative/critical/skeptical... 3) “中”态度，即客观的态度：objective/impartial...不可以表达的态度：1）歧视类：biased/discriminate/prejudice... 2) 冷漠类：indifference/uninterested/interested/concerned... 3)不清楚：unclear/ambiguous/uncertain... 4) 情感过于强烈，肯定或否定：enthusiastic/strongly/absolutely... 5) 容忍类：tolerance/inlgent...那么我们态度题解题思路就是识别后，先排除不可以表达的态度词，然后再用题干信息定位，通过定位信息中的态度词或者论述来判断相应的态度倾向。 ⑤ 词义句意题词义句意题识别：“某个词或句子”is closest in meaning/probably means...解题思路：先用“某个词或句子”回原文进行定位，定位到信息以后，通过上下文的逻辑关系来推测词义句意。我们常考的逻辑关系可以大致分为两大类：语义的一致（包括并列、总分、论点和论据）和语义的相反（转折、让步和对比）。如果没有明显的逻辑关系，我们还可以通过定位信息的感情色彩帮助我们推测词义句意。⑥ 细节题细节题识别：排除前五大题型，剩下的就是细节题。解题思路：细节题是对文章细节信息的考查。我们的解题步骤是：1）利用题文同序进行模糊定位，缩小解题范围； 2）利用关键词进行精准定位，锁定解题信息。（注：关键词可以分为题干中关键词和选项中关键词，优先考虑题干中关键词进行精准定位，可能涉及到题干中存在唯一关键词或者多词并用作为关键词；如果题干中没有有效信息定位，我们可以通过选项中关键词来一一定位）；3）定位好信息后，把定位信息与选项信息进行匹配，哪个信息匹配度最高，哪个是答案。三、总结归纳以上就是我们针对考研阅读六大题型的识别和解题思路进行的梳理和总结。在这里再温馨提示一下：① 在做阅读的过程中，我们优先看题干有没有主旨大意题，如果有，可以先解决主旨大意题；② 在做不论哪个题型时，我们的第一步永远是识别题目。因为每种题型的解题思路都是不同的，所以我们必须先识别，再选择该题目相应的解题思路和方法； ③ 解题思路了解后，最重要的是我们利用真题进行实战演练，熟练掌握每个题型的解题技巧。希望我们总结的考研阅读的六大题型解题思路能对大家的解题提供帮助，为大家的考研梦助力，最后祝大家能够实现自己的考研梦，加油。

考研试题的题型以及分值一直都是考研人很关注的一个信息，但由于每个学校的专业课不一样、专业课需要的资料不一样、专业课试题不一样等原因，所以考研人更加在意的是考研公共课的题型以及分值。今天就跟大家说一下考研公共课的这些事情。一、政治初试题型：单项选择题、多项选择题、分析题分值：共计38道题，分别为单项选择题16分(16*1)，多项选择题34分(17*2)，分析题50分(5*10)五个科目分值比例：马原占比24分，毛中特占比30分，史纲占比14分，思修法基占比16分，形势与政策和当代占比16分。二、英语初试题型及分值：英语一：完形填空(10分，每个0.5)、阅读理解4篇文章(40分，每个2分)、新题型(10分，每个2分)、翻译(10分，每个2分)，小作文(10分)，大作文(20分)英语二：完形填空(10分，每个0.5)、阅读理解4篇文章(40分，每个2分)、新题型(10分，每个2分)、翻译文章(15分)，小作文(10分)，大作文(15分)其中，英语一中的大作文偏向于图画作文，英语二中的大作文偏向于图表作文。三、数学初试题型及分值：满分150分，考试时间为3小时选择题：8题(每题4分);填空题：6题(每题4分);解答题：9题(每题10分左右)考试科目及分值：高等数学：84分，占56%(4道选择题，4道填空题，5道大题);线性代数：33分，占22%(2道选择题，1道填空题，2道大题);概率论与数理统计：33分，占22%(2道选择题，1道填空题，2道大题)考数学二的同学们需注意一点，数学二不考概率论与数理统计，这一科的分值和试题全加到高等数学中。以上就是考研公共课题型及分值情况。最后，希望同学们在了解这些内容之后，可以根据自己的情况制定出适合自己的复习计划！考研加油！

各位考研的小伙伴们大家好，在上一节考研备考专栏中，我们一起学习了考研英语复试口语部分第一节的内容，即与个人相关的高频考研英语口语测试题目与模板。经过这几天的消化与吸收，我相信同学们一定已经背下来好几篇了，接下来我们的任务就是在考研成绩发布以前一鼓作气，将剩下的口语模板一气呵成地背诵下来。一些同学想要偷懒，私下里问我有没有万能模板，一篇背下来就可以应付所有的题目。在这里我要告诉大家，这已经是最核心、最浓缩、最精华的高频考题模板了，几乎能够覆盖所有的考官问题，只要把这两节内容的十几个英文模板背下来，拿到高分真的很轻松。凡是告诉你说只要背诵一篇英文模板就能应付所有问题的人，一定不要相信，考研复试只有一次，我们不能拿着运气去赌自己的未来！在上一篇文章中，我已经把个人相关的英语口语模板给了大家，在这一节内容中，我们继续学习与考研相关的口语问题及作答模板，和其他常考的口语问题及相关模板。加起来一共只有十几个模板，勤奋背诵的同学只需要三天的时间就能完全掌握！1、报考这所院校的原因常用提问方式：Why did you choose our university?/Please tell us the reasons that you are willing to come for us?背诵模板：Well, there are several reasons why I choose to apply for the postgraate program of this university.First of all, I was deeply impressed by the good reputation and academic atmosphere of the school. As far as I know, I bet this is probably the best place for me to broaden my horizons and deepen my knowledge. This university has a very good platform for me to develop my abilities more actively and cautiously.Besides, in my opinion, I prefer this university, because I have some personal preference. For a long time, I wished I could be there, and I even planned everything after I arrived. I believe I can make great progress here and accomplish some things I couldn't before.2、选择考研的原因常用提问方式：Why do you choose to take part in the postgraate entrance examination?背诵模板：

GRE考试分为两种，一种是general test，一种是subject test，一般考生申请只需要general test，后者通常只有在跨专业的情况下才用到。 GRE考试主要考察考生的基本英语能力和对英语各方面知识深度和广度的掌握;主要包括三大部分： （1）分析性写作，具体包括对一个问题发表个人的观点(issue task)和分析一个论点( argument task)，各30分钟，满分为6分，通常能够达到4.5就是非常不错的成绩了; （2）语文部分，内容很广泛，涉及到天文地理、人文科学、艺术、政治、历史等各个方面; （3）数学部分，考察数理的基本问题，包括几何、代数、统计图表、智力测验等方面，主要考察考生的理解判断和推理能力，对于中国考生来说，难度不大，一般只用到高中的数学知识即可。 GRE考试总耗时约3小时45分钟，外加考生中场10分钟休息时间，每一题结束后1分钟休息时间，存在加试的环节。 GMAT考试由写作、综合推理、数学和语文四个板块组成，数学37个题目，语文41个题目，没有加试，考试时间3个小时。从题量来看，GMAT题量略少，考察板块出现顺序固定且单一，不会出现交替考察的情况，对于不适合思维转换的考生来说比较好。 语文(Verbal)、数学(Quantitative)和分析性写作(Analytical Writing Assessment);分析写作满分6分，其他两项合计满分为800分。一般大学入学要求550至600分，入学标准高的学府，更可能要求650分或以上。 首先是30分钟的写作部分，然后是30分钟综合推理，一个小时考完之后，给学生8分钟的休息时间，这部分是自选时间，考生可以选择休息也可以选择继续答题。接下来就是数学考试，75分钟37道题，平均两分钟一道题，时间比较紧张，要求考生要熟练掌握知识点，数学考完也有8分钟休息时间，同上，考生可自愿选择休息还是继续考试。最后是语文考试，时间75分钟，41道题，包括语法，逻辑，阅读。

考研英语各个题型的答题时间分配参考：不管大作文还是小作文都一样的哈，差不多都是这个样子！对于以上的考研英语各题型的时间分配表，童鞋们可以根据自身的实际情况来做一个调整，以上仅仅是个参考！还有就是如果对时间把握有点不太确定的，可以在考前掐表做几套模拟题，或者是最后留几套真题，掐表做，然后看看自己的速度。这样子，你真的考试的时候就会比较熟练，对做完整个卷子的时间把把握不会有太大的偏差。还有最后一个月的时间了，坚持一下下哦！

考研是人生中的一个重要转折点，英语的重要性不言而喻。但是对于英语的复习很多同学都很头疼，今天启航考研朱老师就给大家具体分析一下英语各个题型的答题技巧。一起来看看吧！1、完形填空这个题型主要考察的是逻辑关系和词义辨析，以词汇为主。在复习的时候，要以真题为主，每套卷子都要仔细整理里面不认识的词汇。做完五六套的试题之后，你就会发现一个规律，一些单词每年的试卷上都会有。所以在做完10年的真题之后，把整理的单词进行梳理背诵和辨析区别，读懂句子，完形填空这个题型就差不多了。2、阅读理解阅读在英语考研中的重要性想必大家都知道，所占的比重非常高。想要阅读得高分，需要具备以下能力：读懂长难句、看懂关键词意、理清逻辑关系和题型分析的能力。在平常练习做题的时候，要注意文章中转折关系的词，这些词往往会是逻辑思路转折的地方。找到文章中的主题论点和作者的态度观点，理清题目中的中的问题，找准答案所在的句子定位，是作对题目的关键。对于阅读这个题型平常还要多看一些外网的文章，像The guardian、The Economic、The Atlantic等一些外刊读物，因为很多的考研阅读文章都是从这些读物中节选的。3、翻译翻译考察的是对文章信息中词和句子的理解，以及句子之间的逻辑结构的划分。翻译主要是按点给分，每句话有四个知识点，每个0.5分。知识点都写对且句子通顺就会给满分，如果句子不通顺就会扣除0.5分。翻译本质上考察的是单词和长难句，对于翻译的复习最好是每天练习一个长难句，掌握句子的翻译，最后还要定期复习。无论是英语一还是英语二都可以用英语一的知识来复习。因为英语一的难度大，会了英语一，英语二也不会有太大问题。4、写作写作是英语的第二大得分点，作文在平常也要注意练习，不要到考试前才开始复习。作文的写作可以分段练习，要注意语言的连贯性，逻辑清晰结构合理。还要注意词汇句式的多变，适当运用长难句，要避免语法的错误。对于作文要多看多背，然后自己总结仿写，仿写的时候要注意时间的把握，在规定时间内完成。