2019考研高等数学一真题

声明即日起，博林考研正式并入文都教育，加入文都考研大家庭！燕郊文都考研来到你身边啦！优秀的人总是互相吸引，博林考研全心全意为学生服务，不断提高服务质量。期待以全新的身份服务每一位新同学。文都考研，大家早已耳熟能详。但小编有必要隆重介绍一下：文都集团在考研、四六级、教资、中小学、留学、医考、建考、公考等领域多元化发展。文都考研积累了丰富的教学管理经验，并建立了优秀的管理团队。以数学汤家凤老师、英语何凯文老师、谭剑波老师、政治蒋中挺、万磊老师，为核心的教师团队，深受全国各地学生喜爱。并出版了大量优质考研用书。（比如今年考研数学多数证明题是汤老师的《接力题典1800》书中原题）回归到今天的主题，给大家分享下考研真题及答案解析。回忆版真题，仅供参考，如有错误欢迎各位考生留言：2020数学一真题答案解析

十一月已经过半，相信很多研友都在忙着刷真题，但是刷真题只是简单地做一篇、然后再对着答案改一遍就完事了吗？今天小编就来告诉大家，如何更加有效地在最后一个月的时间里利用真题。一、如何复习真题这个其实很关键了，有些同学题目一做，答案抄完，然后就把试卷扔在一边，其实这是非常错误的。这种复习方式简直是在浪费时间。第一，必须严格按照考试时间和纪律做真题。完全按照考试时间来，中途不许上厕所不许玩手机不许聊天。就假设自己正在考研，找一张白纸作为答题纸，书写工整、字迹清晰、步骤明确，不得跳步越项。切忌草草了事，敷衍应付！第二，认真根据答案批改这里要先提醒一点，每年考试难度都不一样，所以不必太在意分数。更不可因为某年的试卷分数过低还怀疑自我，保持心态最重要。批改过程中要做好记录，查漏补缺。一定要按照答案要求严格批改，必须自己对自己负责。哪怕分数低点也没关系。第三，错题集有这个相信很多同学都有。其实在复习的最后阶段，我们只需要复习错题集就足够了。有了错题集、你的目标会更加明确，心态也会更加的踏实自然，可以"有的放矢";而不会明明紧张得要死，却发现"无事可做"。也就是说，错题集存在的根本原因，是为了给你提供一个复习的目的。它会很明确地告诉你，你还有哪些软肋、还有哪些知识点没掌握。会为你后面的复习提供一个目标，不至于让你太过于盲目。下面小编来根据具体学科为大家提供真题复习的范围和推荐书籍。二、高等数学这可以说是考研最大的一个门槛，无数人都挂在那颗名叫“高数”的树上。其实考研数学的命题，都是从题库中选取的题目，出题规律很明显，真题利用价值非常高，所以做真题是性价比非常高的复习方式。1、范围考研数学的真题总共有1988-2019总共32年的试卷。其中1988-1996(共5个卷种，卷1、2相当于现在的数学一，卷3相当于现在的数学二，卷4、5相当于现在的数学三)，卷面分值100分；1997-2002(数学一、二、三、四各一套试卷)，卷面分值100分；2003-2008(数学一、二、三、四各一套试卷)，卷面分值150分；2009-2019(数学一、二、三各一套试卷)，卷面分值150分。当然没有必要把这么多试卷全做了，小编这里推荐大家只需要做1997年之后的题目就可以。有些同学可能会疑惑，为什么要做这么二十年前的试卷呢？原因有两个，第一，早年的真题有一些相当经典的题目，试卷的质量也比较高，例如98和99两年的。第二，考研大纲几十年来变化一直不大，不像中学教学大纲，隔几年就改版一次。所以即使二十年前的试卷仍然有一定参考价值。2、书籍推荐这里给大家推荐两本首先是大名鼎鼎的李永乐！这位大神不多解释了，大家都懂得。这本书主要对2005以后的真题进行了详细解析，但是也附赠了1987-2005的试卷和答案。还有一位也是很多研友耳熟能详的老师——张宇！这本书收录了1987年以后所有考研真题详解，也是非常好的真题解析教材。三、英语1、范围英语真题不需要像数学那样做那么多，建议至少做到除去近三年真题外，其他年份的真题的4篇阅读都刷过一遍。得阅读者得天下。2、错题集英语的错题主要在于词汇、语法记忆不全和长难句的分析方面。因为英语归根到底还是一个需要大量记忆及背诵的科目。3、推荐书籍张剑黄皮书，这也是考研圈中非常有名的一位老师了，相必大家都不陌生。他的真题覆盖范围也比较广，解析比较透彻，是本不错的辅导书。四、专业课这是一个非常麻烦、非常需要人脉的事情。因为大多数高校是不会提供专业课的真题的。而且各个高校、尤其是自主命题的高校，对于外校考研的学生其实不是那么友好的。很多同学在考研专业课上走了很多弯路，就是因为没有真题在手，复习的特别盲目，甚至连大概难度都无法预测，最终栽了跟头。1、直接去目标院校购买虽然大部分的高校已经不提供考研历年真题，但是还有一些学校会提供上一年的考研真题。建议你去学校的研招办询问，运气好的话他们会提供一份。在院校附近的一些打印店里，会有老板卖该院校的专业课真题，不过比较贵，大概300块一份。黑心商家啊！2、找研究生学长学姐要这个方法可谓是最靠谱的了，但是非常考研你的人脉。对于那些刚考上研究生的学长学姐们，大部分都有真题、或者有渠道获得真题。而且是考上研究生的，对于真题和复试都有自己的见解，如果此刻结交了，在你进入考研复试的时候也能对你有很大的帮助！这里注意区别真假，有的骗子就是冒充学长学姐骗钱的！每年都有无辜的研友们上当受骗，这里建议线下交易。3、网上搜索现在网络比较发达，很多读研的同学会把考研真题和经验分享到网上，这个时候考生可以根据自己掌握的信息区分。考研真题哪怕是回忆版都比没有强！但是网上信息鱼龙混杂、真假难辨，各位研友要谨慎！4、多渠道购买专业课真题，因为比较难以获得，所以网上有很多电商就是卖真题赚钱的。淘宝上这类店家层出不穷，但也要小心挂羊头卖狗肉。还有一种是考研机构，他们也有自己的内部渠道能搞到真题，这种比较靠谱，因为一般人不会干砸自己招牌的事情。最后有的研友们会问，为什么没有政治的？其实政治这门课时效性很明细，真题的意义并不大，所以就不再推荐了。至于最后的模拟考试，推荐肖秀荣的四套卷和八套卷。还是和其他科目一样，完全按照考研时间和纪律来考试。

重要提醒！2019年成人高考专升本，高等数学一 真题及答案解析，需要的小伙伴们可以对答案了！以上就是成人高考，专升本的高等数学一的真题及答案解析，你考得怎么样？小伙伴们可以在评论区留言。更多成人高考的资料正在整理中，还没有看到答案的小伙伴们，不要急躁，耐心等待。小希老师会尽快为大家整理的哦！耐心等待不要着急，已经考试完了，再着急是没有任何意义的，还是心平气和的等待对答案吧！祝各位都能够顺利的通过考试哦！

文｜冷丝栏目｜丝说考研2017年的全国研究生入学考试初试，公共科目高等数学试卷中，很多所谓考研备考专家专家对一道很重要的试题解答出现错误，这也导致很多备考生跟着出错。冷丝今天想说的话题是：考研试卷除了政治和英语公共课，官方公布标准答案，其他试卷有参考答案，但均未通过官方渠道进行公布。因此，无论是文科还是理科，考研一族备考时需要找准找对资料，千万不要因此而出大的差错。研究生入学考试考场冷丝在这里友情提醒，我接下来的解释涉及很多专业性问题，很多读者可能看不懂，这个不要紧，本文主要是通过展现一些错误，让你理解：一些考试中的典型错误为什么经常出现，源于部分教材存在瑕疵，部分教师的专业素养或多或少有问题，而备考生需要瞪大眼睛辨别，敢于质疑，不要迷信，并且要学会辨别一些辅导机构、辅导教材是否权威。网上流传的错误答案被当成权威解答，典型错误具有代表性。2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《数学（一）》试题，第18题的解答，很多网站上流传的解答是错误的，据专家介绍，这种错误是高等数学教师在课堂上经常遇到的问题，也是学生经常出错的难题。原题是这样的：而网上广为流传的错误答案是这样的：从上面的解答可以看到函数F(x)需要存在3个不同的零点，而上面解答中得到了3个零点分别是0，ξ和ξ1，忽略了ξ和ξ1可能是同一个点，这样的证明是错误的。课堂教学中存在的类似问题，柯西中值定理的证明，比如，同济版本《高等数学》（第六版）中的柯西中值定理结论如下，在(a，b)内，至少有一点ξ，这样的等式才会成立：很多学生在使用这个教材是会问，能否在等式左侧的分子与分母中分别用拉格朗日中值定理？显然不行，这是为什么呢？因为，学生犯了拉格朗日中值定理中的不一定是同一个值的错误。即使是同一个值也要给出严格证明，ξ只是在(a，b)内的一个点，而在(a，b)内存在数不尽的不可数的点。同济办教材《高等数学》（第六版）习题中的习题，许多学生在用罗尔中值定理证明f’=0也是错误的。那么，这道入学考试真题的正确答案是怎样的呢？因为f(x)在[0,1]上二阶可导，所以，f(x)在[0,1]上是连续的，因此，可以这么解答：这个答案应该是很详细了，一看就明白。还有一个问题，很多学生为什么会出错呢？怎样避免错误。除了部分教材存在瑕疵之外，最重要的问题是，高等数学的学习内容不连贯，存在知识盲点。许多高校在安排学生学习同济版本《高等数学》（第六版）等教材时，没有让学生事先学习“实变函数”中实数论的相关内容，这样导致学习内容的脱节。比如，实数具有有序性——就是任何两个或多个实数之间一定可以比较大小。所以，在同一个问题中出现两个或多个实数时要有明确的大小顺序关系，学生要掌握有序性。天津市考点再如，有理数与无理数的关系是稠密的——任何一个有理点的任何小的邻域内都有不可数个无理点，反之，任何一个无理点的任何小的邻域内会有无数、但可数个有理点，即我们所说的"稠密性"。当然，还涉及有其他一些高等数学知识，你如果没有学，在考研中遇到这样的问题，肯定会出错。这些基础知识，学生没有学习，在遇到实数间的比较，区间中有理点与无理点个数的多少和它们之间的关系时，出错就是一件很正常的事情了。特别需要提出的是，部分年轻教师由于缺乏上述的基础知识，特别是对狄利克雷函数本质的理解等等，那么，他们在教学生时，就会让学生跟着他一起出错。研究生入学考试现场确认冷丝最后还想说，教师的任务责任重大，自己的一个小错或者知识盲点会导致无数个学生跟着出错。同时，无论是哪一个阶段的教材编写，也无论是什么课程，编写者要精益求精，出现错误要及时更正，否则，很多人也会跟着教材出错。（感谢：本文参考了张德存教授的观点）。多选|你觉得考研难度如何？竞争激烈，难度大试题难度大，复习辛苦考试内容多，复习难度大复习时间长，难以坚持打开百度APP进行投票

第一题，这个题是求数列极限先用海涅定理也就是归结原则，转化为求函数极限。因为数列求极限的方法很有限，数列可以看做函数的子列，极限存在的话极限是唯一的。这种拿到手先指数化，然后对于指数上的对数里面的真数部分加1减去1，就用等价无穷小替换了，后面的部分就很容易做了。第二题，可以考虑用拉格朗日中值定理。很明显可以发现，这是同一个函数在两个不同的点做减法。当看到同一个函数，在两个不同的点做减法，可以考虑拉格朗日中值定理。这个题在很多学校的考研题都出现过，在同济大学的高等数学课后习题里面也出现过。第三题，利用幂级数可以逐项求导和逐项求积分的良好性质来做，这是幂级数在收敛域内的一致收敛性所保证的。通过逐项求导或逐项积分或同时使用可以得到这个结果。这个题也是数学分析教材上的课后练习题。第四题，这个题也是华东师范大学第四版数学分析教材上的例题，在含参量广义积分的那一章。第五题，用格林公式。第六题，来自华东师范大学教材上的课后习题，定积分一章书上也有类似的问题。第七题，来自华东师范大学第四版教材课后习题。第八题，用柯西公式，并注意到连续函数在闭区间上可以取到最大值。第九题，这个题也是书上的课后习题。第十题，用泰勒公式

来源：大学答案帮手1、四川大学211翻译硕士英语2014-2015考研真题汇编2、四川大学242二外俄语2001、2003-2008、2010-2015考研真题汇编3、四川大学244二外德语2006-2008、2010-2015考研真题汇编4、四川大学245二外法语1998-2015；其中2011有答案考研真题汇编5、四川大学246二外西班牙语2010、2012-2015考研真题汇编6、四川大学331社会工作原理2010-2015考研真题汇编7、四川大学334新闻与传播专业综合能力2011-2015考研真题汇编8、四川大学335出版综合素质与能力2011-2015考研真题汇编9、四川大学344风景园林基础2010-2015考研真题汇编10、四川大学346体育综合2008-2015考研真题汇编11、四川大学347心理学专业2012-201512、四川大学347心理学专业综合2014-2015考研真题汇编13、四川大学348文博综合2011-2015考研真题汇编14、四川大学354汉语基础2010-2015考研真题汇编15、四川大学357英语翻译基础2010-2015；其中2011有答案考研真题汇编16、四川大学431金融学综合[专业硕士]2011-2013考研真题汇编17、四川大学437社会工作实务2010-2015考研真题汇编18、四川大学440新闻与传播专业基础2011-2015考研真题汇编19、四川大学441出版专业基础2011-2015考研真题汇编20、四川大学445汉语国际教育基础2010-2015考研真题汇编21、四川大学448汉语写作与百科知识2010-2015；其中2010、2013有答案考研真题汇编22、四川大学448汉语写作与百科知识2014-2015考研真题汇编23、四川大学501建筑设计（6小时）2005、2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编24、四川大学502城市规划设计（6小时）2005、2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编25、四川大学504设计表现2007、2012考研真题汇编26、四川大学510风景园林规划设计（6小时）2010、2012-2015考研真题汇编27、四川大学608高等数学1996-1998、2000-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编28、四川大学615建筑历史与技术2010-2015考研真题汇编29、四川大学616城乡规划基础2014-2015考研真题汇编30、四川大学617风景园林概论2012-2015考研真题汇编31、四川大学619土壤学2013-2015考研真题汇编32、四川大学620食品化学2004-2005、2007、2014-2015考研真题汇编33、四川大学630土地经济学2004-2007考研真题汇编34、四川大学632法学综合A（法理学、宪法学）2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编35、四川大学633人口学基础理论2012-2015考研真题汇编36、四川大学636新闻传播史论2010-2015考研真题汇编37、四川大学639基础日语2005-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编38、四川大学640俄语专业基础2005、2010-2015考研真题汇编39、四川大学642艺术学原理2004、2006-2007、2009-2015考研真题汇编40、四川大学644艺术综合2002-2004、2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编41、四川大学647民族学2005-2006、2010-2011、2013-2015考研真题汇编42、四川大学649考古学通论2006、2010-2015考研真题汇编43、四川大学650中国通史2013-2015考研真题汇编44、四川大学651世界通史2013-2015考研真题汇编45、四川大学653教育学综合2005-2006、2013-2015考研真题汇编46、四川大学662哲学通论2004-2006、2009-2015考研真题汇编47、四川大学666管理学2004-2015考研真题汇编48、四川大学667信息管理基础2001-2006、2010-2015考研真题汇编49、四川大学670战后国际关系史2002-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编50、四川大学671马克思主义基本理论2003-2007、2015考研真题汇编51、四川大学672西方政治思想史2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编52、四川大学673艺术理论基础2012-2015考研真题汇编53、四川大学674中外工艺美术史及现代设计理论研究2012-2015考研真题汇编54、四川大学690高等数学（微积分、级数）2000-2006、2014-2015考研真题汇编55、四川大学701生物综合2002-2003、2005-2006、2010考研真题汇编56、四川大学703基础医学综合2001-2006、2010、2015考研真题汇编57、四川大学705预防医学综合1999、2001-2006、2010考研真题汇编58、四川大学801生理学2002-2006、2010、2015考研真题汇编59、四川大学818医院管理学2010、2015考研真题汇编60、四川大学829有机及物理化学（含结构化学）2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编61、四川大学832量子力学1997-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编62、四川大学837建筑物理与建筑设备2010-2015考研真题汇编63、四川大学838环境学导论环境学导论2002、2006-2015考研真题汇编64、四川大学839水土保持原理2010-2011、2013-2015考研真题汇编65、四川大学840结构力学2000-2015考研真题汇编66、四川大学841环境工程2001-2003、2005-2007、2009-2015考研真题汇编67、四川大学842传热学2010-2015考研真题汇编68、四川大学844建筑设计基础2010、2014考研真题汇编69、四川大学848材料科学基础2005-2015考研真题汇编70、四川大学849材料科学与工程基础2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编71、四川大学852纳米材料与技术2010-2011、2014-2015考研真题汇编72、四川大学853计算机技术2002、2005-2007、2010考研真题汇编73、四川大学855机械设计2000-2015；其中2002-2014有答案考研真题汇编74、四川大学856计算机辅助工业设计2005、2010-2012考研真题汇编75、四川大学860工程材料学2003-2015考研真题汇编76、四川大学866高分子化学及物理学2005-2007、2010-2012、2014考研真题汇编77、四川大学867高分子物理及化学2004-2015考研真题汇编78、四川大学869电路1998-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编79、四川大学870信号与系统1997-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编80、四川大学871自动控制原理1997-2008、2010-2015考研真题汇编81、四川大学872模数电子技术2010-2011、2012、2014考研真题汇编82、四川大学874计算机科学专业基础综合2014-2015考研真题汇编83、四川大学875土力学2011-2015考研真题汇编84、四川大学876水力学2001-2002、2006-2015考研真题汇编85、四川大学883化机力学2002-2003、2005、2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编86、四川大学884化工原理2000-2015考研真题汇编87、四川大学885化工安全设计2010-2014考研真题汇编88、四川大学887物理化学2000-2005、2007-2015年考研真题汇编89、四川大学888冶金原理和工艺2005、2010-2011、2014考研真题汇编90、四川大学890有机化学1998-2003、2005-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编91、四川大学891纺织材料基础（含服装材料学）2007、2010-2014考研真题汇编92、四川大学895鞣制化学2004-2005、2010-2011、2013-2015考研真题汇编93、四川大学896微生物学1997-2003、2005-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编94、四川大学902经济学基础及应用2005-2015；其中2005-2007有答案考研真题汇编95、四川大学905法学综合B民法、刑法、诉讼法（民诉刑诉）2007、2009-2015考研真题汇编96、四川大学915现代汉语及古代汉语2006-2007、2009-2015考研真题汇编97、四川大学916新闻传播业务2005-2015考研真题汇编98、四川大学917戏剧影视文学2012-2013考研真题汇编99、四川大学918英语专业综合知识2007-2015；其中2007-2011有答案考研真题汇编100、四川大学919日语专业综合知识2007-2015考研真题汇编101、四川大学921俄语专业综合知识2010-2015考研真题汇编102、四川大学922法语专业综合知识2010-2015考研真题汇编103、四川大学923艺术思潮与流派2004-2006、2010、2012-2015考研真题汇编104、四川大学924中国美术史2000-2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编105、四川大学926中国民族史1997、2002-2006、2010-2015考研真题汇编106、四川大学927社会学概论1997-1998、2010-2011、2013-2015考研真题汇编107、四川大学929旅游学概论1999-2002、2005-2006、2010-2015考研真题汇编108、四川大学932现代设计思潮与流派研究2014-2015考研真题汇编109、四川大学934半导体物理及器件基础2005-2006、2010、2013-2015考研真题汇编110、四川大学936大学物理（电磁学、光学）2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编111、四川大学937大学化学2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编112、四川大学939生物化学历年真题1997-2013考研真题汇编113、四川大学943生态学1999-2004、2013-2015考研真题汇编114、四川大学951信号与系统2000-2015；其中2006-2009、2011有答案考研真题汇编115、四川大学952自控原理1997-2008、2010-2015考研真题汇编116、四川大学953计算机通信与网络技术2010-2012、2014-2015考研真题汇编117、四川大学961西方哲学史1997-2006、2010-2011、2013-2015考研真题汇编118、四川大学962伦理学概论2005-2006、2010-2015考研真题汇编119、四川大学963美学基础2010-2015考研真题汇编120、四川大学969公共管理综合2007-2013;2007-2008、2011考研真题汇编121、四川大学972信息资源管理方法与技术2010-2015考研真题汇编122、四川大学975运筹学2004-2015考研真题汇编123、四川大学976管理经济学2010-2015考研真题汇编124、四川大学978工业企业管理1999-2015；其中2008有答案考研真题汇编125、四川大学980国际关系理论2003-2005、2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编126、四川大学981宗教学原理1998-1999、2001-2006、2010-2015考研真题汇编127、四川大学982政治学原理2004-2007、2010-2015；其中2004有答案考研真题汇编128、四川大学984马克思主义发展史2007、2010-2015考研真题汇编129、四川大学991技术经济管理2012-2015考研真题汇编130、四川大学992旅游学概论1999-2002、2005-2006、2010-2015考研真题汇编131、四川大学经济学原理（含政治经济学（资）、西方经济学、国际经济学）考研真题汇编132、四川大学结构力学历年真题2002-2012考研真题汇编

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

最近有很多小伙伴问我如何利用好数学真题，知道做一遍不够，知道要研究真题，但是不知道如何利用好真题，今天就给大家说道说道。1、了解卷子不管是什么考试都要先知道考试的试题是怎么分布，比如：客观题多少道，占分多少；主观题多少道，占分多少；考试时间是多少分钟，用多少时间做客观题，多少时间做主观题。1.1 先了解卷子分布。知道一张卷子最基本的分布：客观题是多少，主观题是多少，各占分值多少，考试时间是多少，这里强调一点考试时间，一定要按规定的时间减去15分钟。一是涂卡，二是平复心情用。1.2 做题顺序额。考场上考的是谁拿分多，懂了吗？就是先做自己会做的，尤其是自己比较熟悉的一部分，相对简单的部分，比如：线代。2、了解自己知己知彼方能百战百胜，现在既然了解了卷子的基本情况，就要对自己有个全面的了解。2.1 现在复习的状况。先要了解到现在为止，数学复习的怎么样？第一轮基础是否打牢，如果没有打牢，赶快去补习，不要留有任何问题。如果第一轮复习完毕，第二轮该何去何从？利用做真题检验自己现在对知识的掌握情况。2.2 擅长点在哪里？是高等数学好还是线代好，明确自己的擅长的地方，方便在做题的时候一旦时间紧张有所取舍。另一方面就是做题顺序，可以迅速得分。知道哪里掌握的还可以的情况，现在趁着还有时间，赶快补足较弱的地方。不要等到上考场了才临时看两眼，其他科目行，但是数学决定不行。3、查漏补缺这里呢，主要是通过做真题了解自己对哪里的知识点掌握得还不够好，有重点地去学习。3.1 一点思路都没有。当遇见无从下手的题时，那么就要认真研究答案了，从答案中去知道考的知识点是什么，破题点是什么，解题思路是什么，如果让你出题考这个知识点怎么出题。多思考才能找到破题的地方。3.2 有思路，但解题时出现对知识点的遗忘。如果真的出现这样的情况，要分清是对知识点的遗忘还是对知识点的不掌握。遗忘就要赶快去翻书，并且记下来。不掌握就要认真学，保证对知识点的充分理解，掌握。3.3 有思路，但拿不到满分。这种情况下通常是遗漏了某些重要的步骤，导致无法拿到满分。遇到这样的情况一定要对照答案，查看到底是什么地方的知识点还需要在本题的答案中呈现出来。3.4 总结题型。把做过的真题中，自己拿不到分的地方，总结一下。将相关的破题点、方法、解题技巧、遗忘的点都总结在相关的笔记中，反复看，反复记忆。10月份做题时还可以翻阅资料，11月开始做题就不允许翻任何的资料了，严格按照考场的要求。建议留出一两套在11月初真正模拟，然后在查漏补缺。最后祝大家考出理想分数。

正所谓“不打无准备之站”，我们复习之前一定要梳理好知识点，把握重难点，做到心中有数。今天高联考研小编给大家整理了“2019考研高数 你必须知道的41个知识点！”相关内容，一起来看。一、函数极限连续1、正确理解函数的概念，了解函数的奇偶性、单调性、周期性和有界性，理解复合函数、反函数及隐函数的概念。2、理解极限的概念，理解函数左、右极限的概念以及极限存在与左右极限之间的关系。理解无穷小、无穷大以及无穷小阶的概念，会用等价无穷小求极限，掌握无穷小的比较方法。3、理解函数连续性的概念，会判别函数间断点的类型。了解初等函数的连续性和闭区间上连续函数的性质(最大值、最小值定理和介值定理)，并会应用这些性质。4、掌握利用两个重要的极限：lim(sinx/x)=1，lim(1+1/x)=e，理解连续函数的概念及闭区间上连续函数的性质。5、理解分段函数、复合函数的概念，了解反函数和隐函数的概念。重点：极限（数列、函数）的概念，两个重要极限，连续函数及其性质应用难点：极限（数列、函数）概念、用定义证明极限二、一元函数微分学1、理解导数和微分的概念，导数的几何意义，会求平面曲线的切线方程，理解函数可导性与连续性之间的关系。2、掌握导数的四则运算法则和一阶微分的形式不变性。了解高阶导数的概念，会求简单函数的n阶导数，分段函数的一阶、二阶导数。会求隐函数和由参数方程所确定的函数的一阶、二阶导数及反函数的导数。3、理解并会用罗尔中值定理，拉格朗日中值定理，了解并会用柯西中值定理。4、掌握函数单调性的判别方法，了解函数极值的概念，掌握函数极值、最大值和最小值的求法及其应用。5、理解函数极值的概念，掌握函数最大值和最小值的求法及简单应用，会用导数判断函数的凹凸性和拐点，会求函数图形水平、铅直和斜渐近线，会描绘简单函数的图形。6、了解曲率和曲率半径的概念，会计算曲率和曲率半径及两曲线的交角。7、掌握用罗必塔法则求未定式极限的方法重点：导数和微分的概念，平面曲线的切线和法线方程函数的可导性与连续性之间的关系，一阶微分形式的不变性，分段函数的导数。罗必塔法则函数的极值和最大值、最小值的概念及其求法，函数的凹凸性判别和拐点的求法。难点：复合函数的求导法则隐函数以及参数方程所确定的函数的一阶、二阶导数的计算。三、一元函数积分学1、理解原函数和不定积分的概念，了解定积分的概念。2、掌握不定积分的基本公式，不定积分和定积分的性质及定积分中值定理，掌握换元积分法和分部积分法。3、会求有理函数、三角函数和简单无理函数的积分。4、理解变上限积分定义的函数，会求它的导数，掌握牛顿莱布尼兹公式。5、了解广义积分的概念并会计算广义积分。6、掌握用定积分计算一些几何量和物理量(平面图形的面积、平面曲线的弧长、旋转体的体积及侧面积、平行截面面积为已知的立体体积、变力作功、引力、压力等。)重点：原函数与不定积分的概念及性质，基本积分公式及积分的换元法和分部积分法，定积分的性质、计算及应用。难点：第二类换元积分法，分部积分法。积分上限的函数及其导数，定积分元素法及定积分的应用。四、向量代数与空间解析几何1、理解向量的概念及其表示。2、掌握向量的运算(线性运算、数量积、向量积、混合积)，了解两个向量垂直、平行的条件;掌握单位向量、方向数与方向余弦、向量的坐标表达式以及用坐标表达式进行向量运算的方法。3、掌握平面方程和直线方程及其求法，会利用平面直线的相互关系解决有关问题。4、理解曲面方程的概念，了解常用二次曲面的方程及其图形，会求以坐标轴为旋转轴的旋转曲面及母线平行于坐标轴的柱面方程。5、了解空间曲线的参数方程和一般方程;了解空间曲线在坐标平面上的投影，并会求其方程。五、多元函数微分学1、了解二元函数的极限与连续的概念，二元函数的几何意义以及有界闭区域上连续函数的性质。2、理解多元函数偏导数和全微分的概念，会求多元复合函数一阶、二阶偏导数，会求全微分。掌握多元复合函数偏导数的求法，会求隐函数的偏导数。3、理解方向导数与梯度的概念并掌握其计算方法。4、了解曲线的切线和法平面及曲面的切平面和法线的概念，掌握二元函数极值存在的充分条件，会求二元函数的极值，会用拉格朗日乘数法求条件极值，会求多元函数的最大值和最小值及一些简单的应用问题。重点：二元函数的极限和连续的概念，偏导数与全重点是二元函数的极限和连续的概念，偏导数与全微分的概念及计算复合函数、隐函数的求导法，二阶偏导数，方向导数和梯度的概念及其计算。空间曲线的切线和法平面，曲面的切平面和法线，二元函数极值。难点：多元复合函数的求导法，二元函数的泰勒公式。六、多元函数积分学1、理解二重积分与三重积分的概念，了解重积分的性质。2、掌握二重积分(直角坐标、极坐标)的计算方法，会计算三重积分(直角坐标、柱面坐标、球面坐标)。3、理解两类曲线积分的概念，了解两类曲线积分的性质及两类曲线积分的关系;掌握计算两类曲线积分的方法;掌握格林公式并会运用平面曲线积分与路径无关的条件。4、了解两类曲面积分的概念、性质及两类曲面积分的关系，掌握计算两类曲面积分的方法。5、会用重积分、曲线积分和曲面积分求一些几何量和物理量。重点：利用直角坐标、极坐标计算二重积分。利用直角坐标、柱面坐标、球面坐标计算三重积分。两类曲线积分的概念、性质及计算，格林公式。两类曲面积分的概念、性质及计算，高斯公式。难点：化二重积分为二次积分、改换二次积分的积分次序以及三重积分计算。第二类曲面积分与斯托克斯公式。七、无穷级数1、了解级数的收敛与发散、收敛级数的和的概念。掌握级数的基本性质及其级数收敛的必要条件，掌握几何级数与p级数的收敛与发散的条件;掌握正项级数收敛性的的比较判别法与比值判别法。2、会用交错级数的莱布尼兹定理，了解绝对收敛和条件收敛的概念及它们的关系。3、会求幂级数的和函数以及数项级数的和，掌握幂级数收敛域的求法。4、掌握e的x次方、sinx、cosx、ln(1+x)，(1+x)的a次方的马克劳林展开式，会用它们将简单函数作间接展开;会将定义在[-L，L]上的函数展开为傅立叶级数，会将定义在上的函数展开为正弦级数和余弦函数。重点：数项级数的概念与性质，正项级数的审敛法，交错级数及其审敛法，绝对收敛与条件收敛的概念。幂级数的收敛半径、收敛区间的求法，将函数展成傅立叶级数。难点：求幂级数的和函数，将函数展成幂级数、傅立叶级数。八、常微分方程1、了解微分方程及其解、阶、通解、初始条件和特解等概念2、掌握变量可分离的微分方程、齐次微分方程和一阶线性微分方程的解法。3、会用降阶法解y(n)=f(x)，y″=f(x，y)，y″=f(y，y')类的方程;理解线性微分方程解的性质和解的结构。4、掌握二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程的解法，并会解某些高于二阶的常系数齐次线性微分方程。5、会解包含两个未知函数的一阶常系数线性微分方程组。6、了解差分与差分方程及其通解与特解等概念重点：微分方程的概念，变量可分离方程，一阶线性微分方程及二阶的常系数线性微分方程的解法。难点:由实际问题建立微分方程及确定定解条件。欢迎加入高联考研交流群免费答疑、领取最新考研资料19管理类学硕考研交流：141296273