2020考研英语二翻译【真题原题】It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they are not really living at all But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up t0 us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something; we can choose to look for the lesson were meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they are how we grow, and how we keep form making that same mistake again Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人生中不经历一些失败几乎是不可能的。但是,失败的美妙之处在于,如何看待失败完全取决于我们。我们可以选择把失败看作是 ”世界末日 ”,或者我们可以把失败看作是常有的的极好的学习机会。每当我们在某件事上失败的时候,我们可以选择寻找我们应该吸取的教训。这些教训非常重要,它们是我们成长的方式,也是我们避免再犯同样的错误的方法。只有我们选择放弃的时候失败才能够阻止我们。失败也可以让我们更好地认识自己,如果没有失败我们决不可能认识到这样的自己。比如,失败可以让你发现你有多么强大。在某些事情上的失败可以帮助你发现你最真诚的朋友,或者帮助你找到意想不到的通往成功的动力。-----------------------------------分割线-----------------------------------------------------对完答案,不论结果是好是坏,希望你能放松心态。人生时时都在面对考试,所谓考研,也不过是人生考试的一部分,所以,一定要坚强面对,加油!20考研已经完了,21考研的小伙伴也该准备起来了,这里给大家推荐一些考研英语专用书单:单词书:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》(按考频划了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词4类单词,重点记频考词和基础词,挺省时间的。)真题书:英一只推荐《考研真相》,英语二就用《考研圣经》(真题文章都是逐句图示细讲的,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂文章,还有就是排除干扰项,提高做题的正确率,适合基础弱的人用。)写作书:英一《写作160篇》,英二《写作宝中宝》(很适合英语基础不太好的同学,里面有总结高分词汇、基础句型,还有经典模板之类的,可以先从词、句、段、篇开始学会写作文,然后再学习书里话题、句式、模板、思路,写一些有亮点的高分作文。)
第一部分:英语一。1.There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.解析:这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈,如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道,这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。2.nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.解析:现如今,任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量,是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。3.Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant published papers.解析:人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势,比如除发表数量外,在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。as well as很多人以为这是“而且”的意思,可以代替and,as well as还可以表示“除…之外还有…”,在句子中充当定语。4.This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.解析:这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章,或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。5.If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.解析:如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的,并且可以被后人反复利用,我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。第二部分:英语二。It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.” While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.解析:英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书,我只是没时间”,这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易,做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法,他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利,这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢,但他带给世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样,他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历,但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易,在文学界的成就也不例外。总之,翻译仍然是英语的重难点,很多同学读不懂,读懂了也翻译不出来真正的意思,翻译出来也可能不会润色……看完以后真是让人头皮发麻。英语二的翻译还好吧,难度和往年也差不多,不知道考英语二的同学们做的怎么样。不过,挺就以为老师说,只要写完整就会有两分的保底分数,听到这些你们会不会欣慰一点呢?
英语一 翻译2019英语一翻译讲述医疗杂志文章质量下降这样一个现象,并分析了原因及危害,以及呼吁我们应该做什么。这和考研英语作文一样的结构——提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。我们来聊聊考察语言点的变化。首先,49题考查对虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。这是英语一1997年以来首次考查复杂虚拟语气的翻译!这表明,不能因为历年真题没有考查过就认定不会考。考生需要掌握英语所有常见语法知识点,方可应对英译汉。其次,47题考查比较结构,这是历史上第一次考查带有倍数的比较结构,并且第二比较项中的"would have done"这种带推测的动词形式在翻译中几乎没有考查过,而且也不作为阅读理解的考点。所以考生并没有予以重视,预计得分率很低。然后是词汇方面。英译汉每年都考查大量的多义词、派生词和固定用法,今年也不例外。比如46题中的多义词"lay"、复合形容词"short-lived";49题中的多义词"associates"以及固定用法"in return for";还有,50题中的派生词"reprocible"和"incentivize"。以上都会给考场中紧张的考生造句困难。杨凡达老师预计今年的英译汉难度系数会在0.35-0.4之间,与去年持平或略简单。46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.参考译文:这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈,如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道,这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。难点1:"nonsense"。直接翻译成“废话”扣分,因为在这句中不是那层意思。原文前面说每周吃超过多少克的西兰花会导致年纪大了后更容易贫血。其实我们平常在新闻中看到类似的言论有很多。作者的意思是这些都是扯淡,没有严谨的科学依据。所以这里的"nonsense"译为“无稽之谈”要好一些。难点2:短语"take up"的意思是“接受并开始做/从事某事”。意思是这些广播电台听信了这样的说法就会如何如何。难点3:"the lay press"中的"lay"是难点,不是我们熟知的“放置、铺设”等的意思。"lay"在这里做形容词,表示“非专业的,外行的”,所以"layman"这个词表示“门外汉”。这里的"the lay press"指的是非专业媒体,大概就是那种野鸡媒体。难点4:"short-lived"可根据其本身和上下文来猜测其大概含义。"short"表示短,"lived"表示活着,所以"short-lived"大概意思是“短命的”,在这里引申为“短暂的,为期不长的”。47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.参考译文:现如今,任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量,是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。难点1:处理这句话中的比较结构。通读句子,我们大概得到的信息是“A是B的两倍”,只是如何把这句话翻的通顺是需要思考的。难点2:"would otherwise have been"是后半句的难点,"otherwise"字面意思是“否则”,但如果润色到位可以不用翻译出来。但"would have done"这种特殊的谓语形式,其实很多同学会觉得比较难。这个结构表示“合理推测”,在虚拟语气中经常出现,比如"I would have been a programmer but end up being an English teacher."(我本可以成为一名程序员,结果却当了英语老师)。在这句话中,用"would have been"表示如果是十年前,本可以怎么样怎样。48)Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's published papers.参考译文:人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势,比如除发表数量外,在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。难点1:被动语态"have been made"如何处理。我在翻译课反复强调被动语态的处理方法,主要手段有将“被”字转译为其它汉子或将被动语态转为主动语态亦或者总体换一个说法。考生在考场上需要做的是用这几种方法去尝试,合理通顺即可。这一句的"Attempts have been made to …"可译为“人们已经尝试…”。难点2:"as well as"。很多人以为这是“而且”的意思,可以代替"and",但这只是它的其中一种用法。我记得我在某课中讲解过"as well as"的另一种用法——表示“除…之外还有…”,在句子中充当定语。在48题中,如果我们将"as well as"理解为第一种情况,"some measure of quality as well as quantity"的意思是“某种质量和数量的衡量标准”。好像没太明白是什么意思,对不对?上下文告诉我们,因为只看论文数量导致大家拼命写论文而导致质量下降,所以我们已经采取了一些搜段来改变这种状况,那不就是应该在数量之外引入新的衡量标准,比如论文质量。所以"as well as"在这里符合第二种情况,表示“除…之外还有…”。考生在考场上需要迅速做出这样的判断,难度比较大,所以杨老师认为这0.5分很多考生拿不到。难点3:"an applicant's published papers"。这个语言点考得很细,考查过去分词的语义。过去分词可以表“完成”或“被动”,考生需要根据语境判断。这里所说的“申请者的论文”指什么?第47句告诉我们申请者需要在申请之前发表一定数量的论文。根据这一点,我们可以断定"published"在这里表示完成,那么"an applicant's published papers"指“申请者已经发表的论文”。49)This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.参考译文:这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章,或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。难点1:如何翻译虚拟语气(非真实条件句)?简单的诸如"If I were you, I would buy the car"(如果我是你,我会买这辆车。)很好处理。但49这一题比较复杂,其核心结构是"This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that …",大致可以翻译为“如果不是因为这样一个事实,这会是合理的”。不过,因为“事实”对应的内容非常长,而且“如果…这会是…”也不太符合汉语表达习惯,所以杨凡达老师将其润色为“这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,…”难点2:"associates"为多义词,通常做动词表示“联系”,在这里做名词用表示“同事”。难点3:"similar favors"。这个短语的字面意思是“相类似的好处”。如果不结合上下文,很难明白这个短语真正想表达什么。前文说“开始引入论文质量衡量体系”,这本是件好事。但所谓道高一尺魔高一丈,研究者会利用机制漏洞继续发表低质量作文,也就是"the fact that …"之后的内容。比如,他们会在新文章中引用自己发表的文章已增加影响因子,或者和同事约定好互相引用,也就对应到原文"get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors"(让同事写论文时引用自己的文章,好处就是自己也去引用对方的文章)。50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.参考译文:如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的,并且可以被后人反复利用,我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。难点1:如何翻译"reprocible"?这是一个超纲词,但并不“犯规”。意思是,这个单词由常见词根词缀构成——"re = again + proce = make + ible = be able to"。因此,这个单词的字面含义是“可再生的,可复制的,可繁殖的”,也就是“能够再次生产”。不过我们若将"our science is reprocible"翻译为“我们的科学是可再生/复制/繁殖的”显然不妥。那么,作者到底想表达什么?我们还需要借助上下文。整篇文章说医学界论文质量大幅下降,发表的都是“垃圾”,说明这些论文一文不值,对于社会进步没有任何帮助。而好的论文应该可被利用的,比如利用论文成果开发产品改善生活质量、或者给后续科研提供理论基础等等。所以,我将其翻译为“可被后人反复利用”难点2:超纲词"incentivize"。熟悉的配方,熟悉的味道,这依然是由常见词根词缀构成的单词。"incentive"是考研大纲收入的名词,意思是“鼓励、激励”,而"ize"是常见动词后缀,那么"incentivize"理论上可理解为“鼓励、激励”这个动作,而且这也符合原文语境。总结:英语一英译汉板块依然是整张试卷最难的板块,但在这部分上拿到不错分数也并非不可能。我们需要的是方法和态度。方法指的是了解英译汉命题规律和考点,比如一直重点考查的多义词、派生词和固定用法,以及今年首次考查的虚拟语气等。那么我们在背单词阶段的态度应该有所转变。比如,我们需要积累常见词根、词缀以便结合上下文猜测出超纲词的含义,我们还需要积累常见单词的生僻含义以及单词组合起来构成的固定用法(成语)。而且我们在做这些训练的同时,提升的绝对不只是英译汉能力,同时提高的还有阅读理解能力和写作能力。英语二 翻译It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.参考译文:英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书,我只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易,做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法,他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利,这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢,但他带个世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样,他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历,但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易,在文学界的成就也不例外。【详细解析】和2018年真题类似,这一年翻译文章是对知名人物的介绍,文字难度低,通俗易懂,难度基本与2018持平。英语二翻译总体难度比英语一低,但每年得分率也不超过60%,这是因为字里行间中有一些细小的单词、短语、结构较难理解或润色,而这些点是阅卷者阅卷时的重点关注对象,也是得分或扣分的关键。从2010-2019这十年翻译真题,我们不断得出一个结论:重视英语基本功。这指的是对英语单词在特定语境中的理解、掌握常见的固定用法、以及了解英语和汉语在表达时的区别等等。英语二翻译价值15分,不容小觑,希望2020考研考生认真对待。1. It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.这句话中包含的句型"It is easy to do something"通常译为“做某事很简单”,所以这句可直译为“低谷英国作家"James Herriot"很简单”。但这不够通顺,所以我们要对其润色,比如“英国作家"James Herriot"很容易被低估”,这就好比我们会把"It is easy to learn English"译为“英语很容易学”的原理是一样的。另外"James Herriot"这个名字可以不译,也可以根据读音译为詹姆斯哈里亚特(请参考007"James Bond"的译名)。尽管这个作家在国内早已约定翻译为吉米哈利,但译为“詹姆斯哈里亚特”不扣分。2. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.前半句直译成“他有如此的令人愉悦的、可读的风格”显然不妥。首先,我们在这里讨论他的作品风格,而不是他本人性格,所以"pleasant, readable"描述他的作品而非作者,因此我们可以将pleasant润色为“讨喜”,并将"readable"译为“通俗易懂”。3. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven't the time.”词句包含直接引语,这部分独立不可分割,我们可以先译出来——我可以写书,我只是没有时间。前半句的意思是多次听人们说这样一句话,所以整句话可译为:我听过多少次人们说“我可以写书,我只是没有时间”。也可以先翻译直接引语,再总结式地翻译前半句:“我可以写书,只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。4. Easily said. Not so easily done.省略句,源自成句"easily said than done"(说起来比做起来容易),原句为"It is easily said. It is not so easily done." 因为在这篇文章中,原本的成语一分为二,翻译时也可以如此断句——说起来容易,但做起来没那么简单。5. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”这句话包含两个插入成分。首先是"contrary to popular opinion"(与大众观点相反的是),这是一个句子状语,通常放在句首,偶尔像这句话一样,放在主语和谓语之间。在翻译的时候,放在句首符合汉语表达习惯。后面的"as he put it"(就像他所说的)是一个状语从句,但插入在of和后面的直接引语之间,造句理解困难。将这个成分剥离,我们可以看到剩下部分in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”其实是一个时间状语,修饰主干成分。在翻译"as he put it"时,要考虑放在整句话哪个位置。放在原句那个位置显然不妥;其实我们根据汉语的语感,这种表达要么放句首起引领作用,要么放句尾起总结作用,但句首已经有了“与大众观点相反的是”,所以两者都放句首造成冲突。那么我们考虑将"as he put it"放句尾,但这样一来无论怎么润色都不通顺,所以我们考虑将它放句首并将"contrary to popular opinion"从而润色为“这与大众观点相反”。如此一来,整句话就通顺了。6. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.连词"while"放置于句首,多半情况下表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。从句中"natural talent"字面含义为“自然的才能”,也就是“天赋”的意思。另外,"an abundance of"的字面意思是“丰富的,大量的”,但搭配“天赋”不够通顺。冷静下来想一想,所谓的“丰富大量的天赋”不就是“才华横溢”嘛。主干部分都主语说的是他的作品。"Polished"一词原本指“经过打磨的”,但修饰作品时则表示“精彩的”。7. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.连词"but"之前的句子不太好润色。"Many disappointments and rejections"直译的结果是“多次失望和拒绝”。我们需要结合文章背景来做进一步理解:这位作家并非年少成名,而偏向大器晚成。那么一个这样的作家在早期必然经历很多挫折,比如像J.K.罗琳那样写的很多稿件被出版社拒之门外,从而无比失望了,这不就对应到"many disappointments和rejections"嘛。那么我们可以将这部分润色为“他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿/稿件被拒的失望经历”8. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.前半句考查固定用法"earn … the hard way",意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法,但根据"the hard way"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"X be no exception",意思是“X也不例外”,这个短语在阅读真题中出现过,做过相应文章的同学应该不陌生,可以轻松翻译出来。最后,祝大家圣诞节快乐。
Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they're not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible 1earning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something. we can choose to 1ook for the lesson we re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have 1earned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed .[参考译文]人的一生总要经历一些失败。有些人生活极其小心翼翼(谨慎)以至于他们那儿也没过。简言之,他们根本没生活过。但是,失败的美妙之处在于,这完全取决于我们看待方式。我们可以选择视失败为“世界末日”,或仅是我们能力不足的证明,亦或可以将其看学习经验,尽管有点让人难以置信。每次的失败,我们都能选择把它看作本要掌握的经验。这些经验十分重要,它们关乎我们如何成长以及如何避免再次犯错。只有我们允许失败阻拦我们时,它才会阻止我们前行。失败也让我们更加了解自己,而这些是我们之前从未意识到的。例如,失败让我们自己是多么强大,失败也能帮你发现真正的朋友,或者帮你发现通往成功的出乎意料的动力。真题出来了,答案对完了,心情还好吗?考研英语还是有难度的,加上考研人数年年增加,今年已经突破400万,后面的形势会越来越严峻。21考研的小伙伴要好好准备,尤其英语,每年放倒多少英雄好汉(捂脸哭)。不过还是相信人艰不拆,上岸书单送给大家:单词书《考研词汇闪过》,按照考频划重点,频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词,一目了然,清晰好记。真题书:英一《考研真相》,英二《考研圣经》,逐词逐句图解文章超详细,不用再翻工具书,英语渣的神助攻。作文书:英一《写作160篇》,英二《写作宝中宝》,高分词汇,基础句型,经典模板应有尽有,好背又好用。关注微信公众号“巨微考研英语”,获取更多备考资料!
It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they're not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world,” or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.人生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。没有经历失败的人可能生活得过于谨慎,以至于也不会有什么成就。简单地说,他们根本就没有真正地生活。然而,失败的美妙之处在于,如何看待失败完全取决于我们自己。我们可以选择把失败看作是“世界末日”,或者是我们能力不足的证明。或者,我们可以把它看作是难以置信的学习经验,它经常是如此。每当我们在某件事上失败时,我们可以选择寻找我们应该学到的教训。这些教训非常重要,它们是我们成长以及避免再次犯同样错误的方式。失败只有在我们允许的情况下才能阻止我们。失败也可以教会我们一些关于我们自己的东西,如果没有失败,我们永远也学不到这些东西。例如,失败可以帮助你发现你是多么强大。某些事情上的失败可以帮助你发现最真诚的朋友,或者帮助你找到通向成功意想不到的动力。
对于英语二翻译的技巧,我们可以结合历年的翻译考研试题来总结一下经验。根据篇章翻译这样的题型特点,建议大家在看到一篇文章之后,首先通读全文,理清篇章逻辑。因为对于一篇文章而言,主旨是非常重要的,有些篇章会很规整,中心句就是首尾句,但是很多文章则不然。因此有必要在翻译前通读全文,得出文章主旨和句间逻辑关系,逻辑关系对于驾驭文章主要内容很重要。例如:Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. 在这个句子中,我们很多同学会直译—“在第三方支付者的保护下,我们要求尽一切可能为我们做的事情,即使它是无用的。”这样翻译结果往往很悲惨,因为这句话的逻辑很明显是不通的。很多人翻译完了以后,自己都不想再看一眼,虽然是“亲生的”,但是却无比嫌弃。其实,他们忽略了要“说人话”的重要性,“说人话”的前提是用符合目的语的逻辑组织语言。在这里,需要再次强调,在抓住主旨的同时,一定要理清句与句之间的逻辑关系,这些逻辑关系往往涉及到转折、因果、总分、对比和并列,有些文章的逻辑词比较明显,理解起来比较容易,但是很多文章则不然,和中文一样需要意会。就拿这个例子来说,实际上,这里面隐含着因果关系,可以翻译为:由于有第三方支付,我们不用为自己的医疗付费,所以我们要求一切可能做到的医疗服务,即便是没用的。把逻辑理清之后,我们要做的就是找句子主干,理清句子成分。在翻译中,如果把逻辑关系看作是一座山的话,那么处理长难句则是另一座难以跨越的高峰。但是,大家不用担心,任何长难句都是纸老虎。因为无论她们有多长,都源于“简单句+修饰成分”这样的结构。因此,我们需要去找句子的主干。例如:Behaviorists suggest that children who are raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop their capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 这个句子的主干不难找,Behaviorists(主语) suggest(谓语) that(宾语从句)。除此以外,在这个句子中,我们会发现单词并不难,难的地方在于有很多从句,很多人一见到这个就头疼。实际上,处理从句也是有技巧的,在英语中,如果一个句子结构完整,他往往是由一个主语和一个谓语动词构成,如果想要用多个谓语动词,则需要用连词来连接。因此,在主从复合句中,则存在“n个动词,n-1个连词”一说。知道这个规律后,我们可以发现suggest, are raised, are, develop和will这5个动词。相应地,也会发现有that, who, where, which这四个连词。只要弄清楚修饰与被修饰的关系,这个句子也就不难了。此外,大家还需要知道,连词往往会和后面最近的动词构成从句。因此who are raised、where there are、which develop可以构成三个从句,分别修饰前面的先行词children、environment、stimuli。分析发现,这三个句子都是定语从句,用来修饰其前的先行词。最后,还剩下一个连词that和谓语动词will experience,通过分析发现它们是一家人,构成一个从句。此时,我们也就得出该句的译文:行为主义者认为,在有许多刺激因素环境中长大的儿童将有更大的智力发展。简单来说,英语二的篇章翻译的重难点就是考察大家在掌握了一定量词汇的基础上,对篇章逻辑与句子主干的分析能力,在掌握了相关技巧之后,还需要大家通过大量练习以达到熟能生巧。
考研英语二翻译We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn’t expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often e to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.◆【参考译文】我们倾向于认为朋友和家人是我们交往、欢笑和温暖的最大来源。虽然这可能是真的,但研究人员最近也发现,与陌生人互动实际上会带来在情绪和归属感方面的意外提升。在一系列研究中,研究人员让芝加哥地区乘坐公共交通工具的通勤者与旁边的人搭讪。 平均而言,遵循这一指令的参与者比那些被告知安静地站着或坐着的人感觉更好。研究人员还认为,当我们羞于与陌生人进行随意的互动时,往往是因为一种无谓的焦虑,担心他们可能不想和我们说话。然而,很多时候,这种想法是错误的。事实证明,许多人实际上非常愿意交谈,甚至可能因为能得到你的关注而感到荣幸。21考研已经结束,打算22考研的同学,可以先准备啦!搜集复习资料【考研英语】单词:《考研词汇闪过》,按考频划重点,省时间真题:英一《考研真相》(4件套)英二《考研圣经》(4件套)基础打不牢,越学越煎熬英语基础弱(比如六级低分漂过的)直接用这个书,每个句子都图示讲解的(包括每个长难句),重点单词有解释,真的能跟着它看进去书,看懂文章这样才方便下一步做题。其他真题书都个别句子讲的,你能确保你看不懂的书上刚好很巧就能讲到吗专业课资料研招网或目标院校参考书复习方法笔记、历年真题可以联系往届学长学姐或到公众号搜集
每一年的考研就是一场生死交战,因为很多学生为了考研备战已久,对于考研要知彼知己,对于考研的作文有一定的了解会更胜一筹,预祝各位考生百战百胜,以下是给大家整理的供参考2019考研英语作文必备范文及译文:成功和耐心,希望可以帮到大家Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:(1) describe the drawing briefly,(2) explain its intended meaning, and then(3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.范文:Success is always described by the old as something relevant to patience. In the picture, a man sits with a dozen of clocks around him. Beside is the subtitle saying that “success means persisting five minutes more than others”. We can infer from it that the man sets these many clocks just to remind himself that he should never give up.It is very true that success derives from persistence, for which there are several reasons. Firstly, no accomplishment can be achieved in a short time, and success asks for continuous instrious work and efforts. Secondly, when one is able to insist in stepping towards achievement, he must believe what he dedicates to. This belief is the source of persistence that paves the way to success. Thirdly, just as the saying goes, “Rome was not built in one day”, success is founded on the basis of patient pursuit that can never be impeded by temporary failures.To conclude, I would like to borrow another ancient saying that “He laughs best who laughs last”. Laughing symbolizes the confidence for success, and confidence always yields patience and insistence. Hence, I firmly believe that if everybody applies what the picture conveys into actual practice, they will surely reap lot more.译文:老人们总说成功和耐心是联系在一起的。正如这幅图所显示的那样,一个男人坐在椅子上,身边围绕着许多的钟。旁边的标题上写着“成功就是比别人多坚持五分钟”。我们可以从这幅图中推断出,这个人摆了这么多闹钟就是为了提醒自己不要轻易地放弃。确实,成功来源于坚持,关于这一点有以下几点原因。第一,没有任何成就是可以在短时间内达到的,而是需要持续的勤奋工作和努力。第二,当一个人能够坚持走到成功的一步的时候,他一定是坚信自己为之奋斗的东西的。信念是坚持不懈的动力源泉,能够为人们的成功铺平道路。第三,正如古语所云:“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”,成功是建立在耐心追求的基础上,在追求的过程中不会被暂时的失败打倒。我将用另一句古语来总结这篇文章,即“笑到最后的人笑得最好”。笑意味着对成功充满信心,信心总是能够使人们耐心地坚持。因此,我坚信如果每一人都能够把图中传达的精神落实到实际中,他们一定能够收获更多。闪光词汇及词组:persist: v. 坚持, 持续infer: v. 推断derive: v. 得自,来源于instrious: v. 勤勉的,刻苦的source: v. 源泉,来源convey: v. 传达,转达reap: v. 收割,收获万能句型:We can infer from it that…It is very true that … for which there are several reasons.Rome was not built in one day.To conclude, I would like to borrow another ancient saying that…Hence, I firmly believe that…
源自:考研红宝书—每日一句。难句I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a building-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.词汇publicizedv. 宣传(某事物)(尤指用广告)( publicize的过去式和过去分词 );publicizev.宣传;推广;宣扬;传播;much-publicized多宣传→公开宣传。resignationn. 辞职;放弃;辞职书;顺从editorshipn. 编辑的地位职位doctrinen. 主义;学说;教义;信条alternativeadj. 供选择的;选择性的;交替的n. 二中择一;供替代的选择downshiftingn. 转换低速;降低速度例子:I deserve some time off, and have intentionally been downshifting to a simpler life, one that gives me time for computer games.我需要一些时间来休息。 我主动放慢了生活节奏,使之变得简单,从而给自己留出了时间来享受电脑游戏。Jugglevt. 用…玩杂耍,边抛边接;歪曲,篡改;欺骗;失去平衡;vi. 玩杂耍;耍花招;欺骗;n. 玩杂耍;花招,骗局。phrase:Ball juggling杂耍球foot juggling蹬人juggle with搬弄Juggling one’s life 忙个不停结构分析该句主干是 I have discovered … that …;that 前的插入句中 as 指代 discover,所以完整的句子应该是 perhaps Kelsey will discover after …;that 引导的宾语从句中的主语是并列的动名词结构 abandoning … and making …;Juggling one’s life 中“juggle”原意为“耍把戏”,这里暗含“忙个不停”的意思,其意为“忙忙碌碌地生活”。难点生词;合成词的翻译;短语搭配的文化辟义;as指代的语法;插入语的翻译顺序;译文我发现,放弃那种“忙碌应对生活”的生活哲学而选择“放慢生活节奏”的生活,这样做带来的回报要比经济上的成功和社会地位的提高更多;或许凯尔西因不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后也会有这样的发现。短文阅读与翻译China Has More eSports Players Than the UK Has People译文:中国的电竞玩家比英国总人口都多。The competitive gaming phenomenon known as eSports has taken China by storm, with more players and fans than the entire population of some countries.词汇competitiveadj.竞争的,角逐的phenomenonn.现象◆take … by storm 席卷◆short for ……的简称◆video game 电子游戏◆game on ≈ be ready for something challenging to begin.准备好开始一些挑战,认为文中取此意,中国的电竞时代真的要开始了。said when the balance of a sports match or competition changes, and both sides suddenly have a chance of winning(游戏开始 各有机会 公平竞争)■Nowhere is this truer than…◆a dozen 一打◆national anthem 国歌◆bid team 投标团,申报团◆generate interest 激发兴趣◆league of legends(LOL) 英雄联盟◆tune in 观看◆spectator/audience 观众◆a huge appetite for 巨大的野心译文像电竞这样的竞技游戏席卷了中国,有着比一些国家的全体人口更多的玩家和粉丝。If you’re not familiar with the phenomenon, eSports is short for electronic sport and refers to organised, competitive video gaming events played before live audiences or broadcast over the internet.词汇:phenomenonn .现象 非凡的人或事物品refer to 参考;指的是;涉及be familiar with 对…熟悉video game 电子游戏live audience 现场观众short for ……的简称译文:或许你现在还不熟悉这一事物。电竞是电子运动的缩写,就是在现场观众面前玩或在网上播的组织性竞争性的电子游戏活动。For eSports in China, it’s really game on.Currently, there are 170 million eSportsplayers and fans in China, more than anyregular sport, a recent report byiResearch Consulting Group said.词汇:iResearch Consulting 艾瑞咨询game on 刚刚开始,某一行业迎来春天;game on详细解释:①said when one feels that a situation is about to develop in one's favour. 情况朝着对一方有利的方向发展;有好戏上演②a signal for play to begin in a game or match. 游戏/比赛开始译文:中国电竞业真的迎来了发展的春天。艾瑞咨询集团最近发布的一份报告称,目前中国有1.7亿名电子竞技运动员和粉丝,比任何普通体育项目都多。The popularity of eSports continues to grow globally, with huge numbers eitherparticipating or watching professionalscompetitively play video games.Nowhere is this truer than in China,which makes up 57% of the global eSports audience, according to an IHSMarkit research report.词汇:eitheradv.(两者中的)任何一个,各方,(用于否定词组后)也,(补充时说)而且pron.两者中的任何一个adj.两者之一的,(两者之中)随便哪一个的,两者中任何一方的conj.…还是…nowhereadv.无处,哪里都不n.无人知道的地方,没有…的地方truen.真实的;vt.装校;a.真实的;adv.真实地。truera.真的、确实的;n.校准器。truly adv.真实地★:vt→及物动词,直接加宾语;vi→不及物动词,加介词才能加宾语。make up 组成;补足;化妆;编造Nowhere is this truer than 没有比…更正确的了,无法反驳。译文:广受欢迎的电子竞技在全球范围持续走热,其专业参赛者和视频观众都有着庞大的人口基数。而据IHS研究报告,中国的电竞观众在全球占比为57%,则更加佐证上面的那句话。Recognised by the Chinese governmentas a real sport in 2003, China even has its own national eSports team. With more than a dozen players, the team will sing the national anthem before the country’s flag whilst taking part in international competitions.词汇:whilstconj.〈英〉同“ while”n.〈古〉同“ the while”national anthem 国歌翻译难点:状语的翻译顺序;译文:在2003年,中国政府承认此为一项真正的体育运动后,中国甚至拥有了自己的国家队。而在参加国际比赛时,这支拥有十二名队员的队伍将在国旗前唱国歌。In fact, eSports will be included in the programme at the 2022 Asian Games to be held in Hangzhou in China.词汇:programmen.节目,计划,【计】程序,课程(表)v.编写程序,为…制定计划,使…按安排进行★:文中做“比赛项目”之意。→:实际上,2022年中国杭州举办的亚运会项目中也有电子竞技。Asian Games 亚运会翻译难点:英语被动语句调整为汉语主动;状语在句子中的顺序;两种将来语序。译文:实际上,2022年在中国杭州举办的亚运会赛事里将会包含电子竞技。The Los Angeles 2024 Olympic bid team has also expressed an interest in eSports as a way of generating more interest in the games among young people.词汇:The Los Angeles 洛杉矶bid team 投标团,申报团generate interest 激发兴趣难点:在字形上的时态变化:现在完成时;译文:2024年的洛杉矶奥运会投标团已经表达对电竞比赛的极浓兴趣,以此作为吸引年轻人关注赛事的方法。At present, the number of professional eSports players in China has grown from a mere 50 in 2006, to 1,001 in 2016, according to data from Unibet.词汇:has grown from...to... 从…发展到…Unibet 优胜客体育,国际知名体育公司;难点:★:a meremere 是个形容词,修饰名词时,如果是单数就要在前面加个冠词a,比如He is a mere child.他只是个孩子。但用在复数前面就不用加a了,比如We are mere students.我们只是学生。a mere = only, merely例子:a mere 8 percent。译文:根据优胜客的数据表明:如今中国的职业电子竞技运动员从2006年的仅50名增长到2016年的1001名。Professionals players of eSports are playing not for fun, but for a living. In fact, some of its top players earn big money, totalling millions of dollars.According to esportsearnings.com, the highest-earning Chinese player, Li Peng,has so far earned nearly US$2 million.词汇:total 总计so far 到目前为止do sth. for a living 做某事谋生,以做某事为生难点:earn big money ;译文:电子竞技的职业选手并非为了玩乐,而是以此谋生。事实上,一些顶尖的职业玩家非常赚钱,总计百万美元。据Esport网报道,中国身价最高的职业玩家李鹏(dota,二冰)目前为止已经赚了近200万美元。One of the games to take eSports by storm is League of Legends. It’s amultiplayer online battle arena videogame played on Microsoft Windows orthe Mac. As many as 800,000 fans will tune in to watch live-streamed sessions of China’s top League of Legends eSports team when they battle online.词汇:arenan.圆形运动场,圆形剧场,斗争场所,竞争舞台,竞技场multiplayer多人live-streamed现场直播take … by storm 风靡…tune in 收听,收看,观看;译文:“英雄联盟”(League Of Legends)是款风靡的电子竞技游戏。这是一个多人在线战斗竞技场电子游戏,可在微软的Windows或Mac的操作系统上可以玩到。而当中国最顶尖的英雄联盟队员比赛时,将会有80多万粉丝在线观看现场的网络直播节目。Intense concentration and quick reflexesare needed to compete at a professionallevel. Professional eSports athletes canspend 16 hours sitting in front of acomputer every day, making the intensity and high level of skill required comparable to traditional sports.词汇:intense concentration and quick reflexes高度专注和快速的反应comparable to与...相媲美难点:被动语句。译文:专业比赛需要高度专注和快速的反应。专业的电子竞技运动员每天坐在电脑前花费16个小时进行高强度的训练,而这与传统的运动强度可相媲美。There is significant interest in watching eSports competitions, too. Live events are known to attract tens of thousands of spectators at stadiums across the world. Hong Kong staged its first eSportsfestival at the beginning of the monthand saw an attendance estimated at50,000.词汇:audience/spectator/attendance观众stage/hold a festivaltens of thousands 数以万计interestn.兴趣,利益,利息,关注v.使感兴趣,使关注译文:观看电竞比赛上存在着极大利润。在线比赛吸引着全世界的观众买票入场,而香港在月初建了第一个电子竞技舞台并且有望容纳预计50000人。Overall, China has a huge appetite for general online and mobile games, and its total number of gamers is estimated at half-a-billion. The huge number of Chinese gamers and the money spent ongaming has turned China into the world’stop gaming market, predicted to be worth US$27.5 billion this year.词汇:has a huge appetite for 有着巨大的兴趣The number of 指什么的数量,用单数a number of 指大量的什么,用复数overall = in a word 一般来说,总之难点:the number of做主语时,谓语动词用三单形式。译文:总之,中国对普通在线和移动游戏有着巨大的前景,其游戏玩家总数估计为5亿。中国人数庞大的游戏玩家和游戏投资已经使中国成为世界上最大的游戏市场,预计今年将达到275亿美元。
问题:2021考研英语二怎么复习?考研英语与大学英语考试、四六级考试最大的不同就是:考研英语中的长难句较多,且很多都是考点。虽然你有语感,但是这种东西,也并不都是万能的,所以,长难句这块儿你是逃不了的,该看的还是要看,如果你复习时间不太够的话,建议你直接在真题阅读里面复习语法。真题文章里面出现的长难句或者是句子的语法结构肯定都是经常考的,你可以把真题阅读和长难句结合起来复习,这样也比较省时间,每天练习分析5-6个历年真题中出现的长难句。分析句子的成分,知道每个词在句子中的成分和汉语意思,尝试着把句子翻译出来。关于2021考研英语二怎么复习,真题练习这块儿,你可以做最近20年的真题,从现在开始就做题,不要担心真题最后不够用,一套真题完全可以多刷几遍,我觉得至少3-5遍才不算是浪费,也就是说当你做完1遍的时候,又返回来做第2遍,以此类推,一直做到上考场。具体的遍数没有上限,你也可以根据你的实际情况来定。关于2021考研英语二怎么复习,真题选择方面建议你选择解析详细的真题书,比较好理解,我去年考研用的英语二《考研圣经》还挺不错的,你可以参考一下,里面文章解析都是一词一句详细分析的,英语基础弱都能看懂,你肯定更没问题了。英语一就用《考研真相》。就下面这种的关于2021考研英语二怎么复习,具体做真题的方法,你可以参考一下:1、先正常做一遍题,时间控制在2个半小时左右,给自己留出检查和涂卡的时间。(考研英语考试时间是3小时)2、做真题精读分析,重点看阅读文章,一词一句挨着翻译,翻译的译文写到纸上,问题和答案也要翻译出来,翻译完后,对照答案,一句句确定自己翻译得对不对,把不会的词标出来,尤其要关注解析里是怎么分析长难句的。给你举个栗子,分析下面这段话:Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.该句的主干结构是Creating a“European identity”is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。重点看!!!具体怎么提取长难句中的主干结构:先找出句子里面所有的谓语动词,然后再找出句中的所有从属连词,将从属连词和它后面紧挨着的谓语动词两两配对,剩下的谓语动词就是主干谓语动词。上面例句中剩下的谓语动词就是is和demands,是主干句子的并列部分。3、把真题解析里标出的重点词汇整理到笔记本上,重复记忆,这都是考点!!4、合上答案,自己重新分析一遍文章里的难句。你刚才看了一遍,印象可能不深,但要是再手过一遍,效果会更好。关于2021考研英语二怎么复习,英语语法、长难句还是很重要的,建议你不要轻易放弃,你可以重新调整一下你的复习规划,给英语稍微多留一点时间,毕竟每年考研,就会很大一批考研er因为英语没过国家线或者校线,最后落榜,真的挺可惜的,我舍友和我一起考的研究生,但是他第一年英语没过国家线,二战才上岸,希望你的复习都有效果,今年能一战上岸!加油!!