2020考研大纲英语二

2021联考英语大纲已经新鲜出炉，很多考生担心着大纲变动对自己的备考产生影响。特别是对自己的英语底子还不够自信的考生来说，大纲发布，焦虑又叠加一层。这不，智圆君带着大纲解析及翰章老师的百日高分备考指导来了！01、完型部分涛声依旧350词左右，十分。预计难度会和2017及2020年持平，话题非常有可能考应对全球危机。完型的阅读难度要小于阅读理解的阅读难度，但对微观细节的考察更多。每周两篇，保持节奏，做完英语二真题后做英语一的。积累搭配，注重逻辑，保持手感。02、阅读A依旧是四大题型阅读part a依旧会是细节题，主旨题，态度题，推断题四大天王。字数规定依旧是1500词左右，题材依旧会是经济，法律，心理学，社会，行业发展，家庭，工作等常见题材。注意大纲中的一个表述：选出正确或是最合适的答案。正确的答案就是说另外三个明显有逻辑上的瑕疵，只有这个是对的。最合适的答案就是说四个都不太对，但有一个最合适或四个中有两个都对，但有一个是非最优选项，就像2012--38中的移民生活将会有更大的负担那个答案。备考建议：将听课后的笔记好好复习一遍，将2010--2020年每道题彻底搞清楚。对你得知道它是同义替换还是近义改写，是抽象变具体还是具体变抽象，是正面切入还是反面切入，是原词照抄还是词性改写，是点点对应还是综合概括。错你得知道它犯了哪种错，是无中生有还是偷换概念，是针锋相对还是答非所问，是信息拼凑还是非最优选项。将十一年44篇文章做到无一句有生词，无一句不会翻译，无一题不会做。外刊阅读方面，继续保持一周三篇的量。模考题，只做靠谱的。保持到考试时，你的成绩就不会错。03、阅读新题型，送分题，必拿2011，2012，2014，2017，2019考了多项对应。2013，2015，2016，2018，2020考了小标题。今年多项对应和小标题概率各是百分之45，另外需要提防小标题加多项对应的组合。04、翻译无变动依旧是150词左右的一段或几段话。啥都不会编花篮，五分。围绕着文章来翻，但译文质量吓人，八分。一半做到了流畅，另一半我心飞翔，十分。全文流畅，偶有不流畅，但不超过三处且问题不大，十二分。所有译文流畅，间或性的美感，十三或十四分。翻译建议听完课后每周练习两篇，一直保持到上考场，手热才能有好状态。2010--2020真题加上外刊翻译，量足够了。05、小作文无变化依旧是私人或公务信函，备忘录和报告。从十一年真题来看，除了2015年的通知，其余十年均属于信函。将备考重点放在信函，捎带备忘录，通知和报告，尽量要全面准备。将称谓，落款，格式，每种小作文的首段和三段先背下来，将能拿到的分数拿到，然后开始背每种小作文的二段，然后开始每周练习一两篇，保持手感即可。06、大作文：图标绝对是主流大作文根据大纲，依旧给出了三种，图画，图表和文字。但我们知道，英语二图表绝对是主流，十一年全部为图表作文。准备时，图表为主，漫画和文字提纲式作文稍稍准备即可。大作文14=一分主题词加+一分同义词替换+四分首段数据精确描述+四分二段原因充分得体+四分三段深度评价。将写作笔记好好复习一遍，然后开始每周写一两篇，保持到上考场。07、总结作为一门已经非常成熟的考试，英语二的大纲不大可能进行翻天覆地的改变。找到靠谱的机构，跟定专业的老师，制定合理的计划，修订错误的思路，大家一定能取得优异的成绩。

2021年管理类联考考试大纲已经发布，很多考生担心大纲变动对自己的备考产生影响，在这里小编告诉大家，不要担心，英语（二）考试大纲与去年相比主要是词汇以及词缀的变动，对于考生而言总体上没有实质影响，大家按部就班的按照华是老师的上课复习进程即可。预祝大家联考金榜题名！2021考试大纲英语词汇和词缀变化附录 1 中的考研英语大纲词汇表由原来的 5497 个增加到了 5522 个，其中新增词汇 81 个，删减词汇 46个，同时还将 144 个词汇根据拼写和意思整合为 140 个词汇。新增词汇中增加了与新冠疫情、无人机、算法等相关的词汇，并删减一些词频较低的词汇，体现了考纲的与时俱进和灵活性。具体变化如下：1. 新增词汇词汇变化附录二中的常见前缀和后缀总数由原来的 116 个增加至 140 个。其中，前缀有 81 个，与 2020 年大纲相比增加 19 个；后缀有 59 个，与 2020 年大纲相比增加 6 个。且 2021 年大纲对于前缀的英文释义进行了扩充解释，而对个别的后缀也进行了整合，并替换或增加了一些前后缀的部分例词。具体变化如下：1. 新增词缀2.变动词缀MBA英语名师马红、查国生等老师编著的《英语高分突破》和《真题解析与模考套卷》华是学院英语名师 马红老师给考生上课的精彩场景华是学院英语名师查国生教授给考生上课的精彩场2021年考研英语（二）考试大纲I. 考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。MBA管理类联考英语名师马红、查国生等老师等编著的《真题解析与模考套卷》III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。(二)考试内容试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。第一部分 英语知识运用主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。第二部分 阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。A节(20小题)本部分为多项选择题。共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。每篇文章设5题，共20题。每小题2分，共40分。B节(5小题)本部分有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。备选题型包括：1)多项对应本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。2)小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。MBA管理类联考英语名师马红、查国生等老师等编著的《高分突破》第三部分 英译汉考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。共15分。第四部分 写作该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共2题，25分。A节考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。B节要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。共15分。02:12MBA管理类联考英语马红老师，精彩授课中备考择校详情可登录华是学院网站了解。

说到考研，最重要的复习资料莫过于考研大纲，因为考研初试所有的题目均要在大纲框定的范围中出。对于考研人来说，大纲就相当于考试画出的重点，超纲的不用看，大纲划定的都可能会考！上个月就传出2020考研大纲会提前公布的消息，今年提前至7月中旬，那么究竟是哪一天呢？2020考研大纲7月13日上午9点发布！自从高教社上个月丢出大纲发布提前的重磅消息后，很多人都在密切关注着具体发布日期。近日登录官方网站发现，“高教考试在线”公布了2020考研新大纲发布会时间，时间定在7月13日上午9点。这也就意味着2020考研大纲的公布时间最终确定了！想必看到这个消息后，有不少考研人都能够再松一口气，不用再傻傻的等了，也不用担心自己复习的内容不考的问题了，静静等待新大纲发布就好了。要不要购买新大纲？在学霸君看来要不要购买新大纲完全要看你个人，根据我的经验，有不少考研人虽然关注大纲但是却没有认真去翻看大纲。每年大纲发布之后，都会有很多机构和老师出来，给大家讲解新旧大纲的对比，告诉大家新增了什么，删除了什么，修改了什么。另外，有很多同学买了考研大纲也很少有时间会去看，因为大纲写的都比较简单，只是框定了范围，具体到怎么复习，还需要大纲解析才能看得明白。而且作为学生，要读懂大纲也需要花时间，所以不如直接购买大纲解析的资料复习来的快！大纲发布后要注意什么新大纲发布后，大家首先要关注的就是新旧大纲的变化，这个每年都会有视频和文章解读，到时候学霸君也会发布相关的文章，大家要密切关注。此外，要重视大纲解析，根据最新大纲的变化来弥补遗漏的知识点，如果大纲调整比较大，那么整个复习方向都是需要去调整的。最后，大家要注意大纲中细节的变化，大纲里面的每一个字、每一句话都不是废话，有一年英语二的大纲就比往年多了一句话，结果很多人不重视，在考试的时候就体现出来了。大纲公布后，大家要根据口碑和实用度，选购性价比好的复习资料！2020年考研大纲发布日期敲定了，终于可以安心复习啦！

问题：一战失败，打算二战，考研英语二怎么复习？回答：看到这个题目，佩服你的勇气的同时，也挺为你感到可惜的，毕竟辛辛苦苦努力了一年，到头来却没有达到自己想要的结果。生活就是这样，不确定的事情太多，你永远不知道下一秒会发生什么。但是，“人不可能第二次给别人留下相同的印象”，我相信选择“二战”的你一定可以所向披靡，重登极境。下面，就来回答你一下你的问题，考研二战，考研英语二怎么复习？决定要二战，那么首先就得分析：一战为什么会失败？找到自己的问题出在了哪里？在之后的复习过程中有针对性的复习，避免再次踩雷。情况一：通过了报考院校的初试，但是复试却被刷。考研复试主要包含专业课笔试、专业课面试、英语口语和听力，需要仔细分析到底是哪个方面出了问题。如果是因为专业课没发挥好，需要在平时准备初试科目时，留出一定的时间给专业课，这个时间在初试之前不用太多，保证每天有一至两个小时即可，特别是对于跨专业的学生，专业课学习不容忽视。情况二：基础没问题，平时学习成绩也挺好，考出来的成绩却不理想，以至于没通过初试。这种情况是因为心里素质太差，考研初试考核的是综合能力，不仅要求基础知识过硬，还要有很好的处理试卷的能力，一旦一科的做题时间掌控不好，将会影响整套试卷的发挥。因此在二战复习时，一定要注意提高整套试卷的处理能力。就拿考研英语来说，考试时间一般是在下午的2点到5点，三个小时内需要完成1篇240~280词的完型，4篇1 600词左右的阅读理解，1篇500~600词的选择搭配，1篇400词左右的翻译，两篇作文写作。（大作文和小作文）时间还是非常紧张的，因此在平时练习时就要严格按照考试时间来做题，习惯了这种做题的紧张程度，考场上就不会慌乱了。情况三：基础不好，导致考试成绩不理想。一般来说，可能是本来自己的基础就不好，在初次复习的时候可能由于学习方法不当，复习时完全照自己的想法来，没有一个系统完整的复习计划，导致学习成绩不理想。因此在二战时，需要纠正自己的学习方法，对于考研政治来说，一般大家都会在大纲出来之后再去复习，由于复习时间紧张，许多同学都会直接从真题开始上手，导致基本概念混淆，答题分不清主次，从而失分。所以，在复习考研政治时建议，先花上两到三周把大纲上的基础知识过一遍，再去做题。这样做题速度和正确率就会提高很多。其次，决定要二战，那么必须要做好复习计划。不管是哪门科目的复习，前期复习都是要从基础开始的，千万不要以为自己对某个知识点已经很熟悉了，就对这个知识点不重视了，不要有这种浮躁心理，还是要踏踏实实的好好复习，解决2020考研英语二怎么复习这个问题。一般来说，考研复习大概分为以下几个阶段：（1）基础复习阶段：从现在起—6月，主要做以下工作：1.学英语学习2小时。主要任务是背单词，学语法，读外刊文章。2.数学学习1-1.5小时。看本科期间的基础教材，同济高数、清华大学线性代数、浙大概率与数理统计。寒假前都看完，做相应的课后复习题。（2）强化复习阶段：7—9月，主要做以下工作：1.英语2-2.5小时。可以开始做真题了，一开始接触真题确实比较困难，可以慢一点，两天做一套题都是可以的。推荐《考研圣经》/英语一可用《考研真相》，逐词逐句精解，真题中的每个句子都有讲解，词汇和长难句也都有注解，专门针对基础薄弱的。2.数学2-2.5小时。狂刷真题，每天一套，做完及时的对答案，记录错题。3.专业课开始学习。只看参考教材。（3）冲刺复习阶段10—12月，主要做以下工作：1.英语2小时，重心转移到作文训练，兼顾真题。每天练习作文，写完之后及时找人修改，及时改正自己的问题。2.数学2小时，真题解析研究，解题训练。3.专业课1.5-2小时，看扩展教材。4.政治40分钟，背大纲，做练习题。（4）考前两周主要做以下工作：1.英语考前每天坚持写作文，每天一篇大作文，一篇小作文。2.数学整理错题、公式全部演练一遍。保持做题手感。3.政治看看大题的答题思路，翻一翻政治课本，再去回顾一下知识点。最后分享一份考研辅导资料，一份好的复习资料对复习的帮助也是功不可没的。你可以先看一下，选择对自己有用的。英语一真题试试《考研真相》吧，一句话一句话详细解析真题，陌生的单词都会把一起翻译出来，简直不要太好，很适合基础薄弱的人。力量总是来源于自身，即使“二战”，也希望你能稳定心态、踏实复习，用最好的状态迎接挑战。加油！

2020考研英语大纲的变化不太大，值得庆幸，考研英语词汇表没有增加新词。主要变化如下：（英语一和英语二一样）除此之外，大纲没有任何变化！我们的复习按部就班！以上变化可能引起的变化：1.翻译题中出现这些国家和地区的名字。2.阅读材料出现和这些地区相关的内容。所以我们不需要记得拼写。只需要知道单词和汉语的对应就好了！考研大纲的分向标如此，我们要看看相关一带一路的文章，中国传统民俗等也可以去了解一下。也许会在考试中涉及到。有备无患嘛，最新的考试资讯也可以第一时间去微博文都大班长那里去了解，资料也会发布。

文：大学老班长2020年考研大纲已经发布了，考研大纲是备考的重要参考工具，不得不引起重视。每年大纲都会有新的变动，弄懂搞清楚了大纲，你的考研之路就成功了一半。有章可循，有据可查，不会再手忙脚乱，也相当于给考生们吃了一颗“定心丸”，可以安下心来学习。相信大部分同学已经进行到二轮复习了，现在可以根据新大纲进行查漏补缺。公共科目变化解析主要分析一下数学、英语、政治等科目的变化。数学大纲内容没有变化，数一、数二、数三正常复习就行。英语科目有所变动，先来看英语一，增加了新样题与新真题，词汇有了新的标准与要求，更加注重单词所在语境的含义，命题有了新的方式。单词涉及国家（地区）的范围扩大，变为名称及相关信息，新增了30多个一带一路沿线国家的名称(Afghanistan等)，英国、澳大利亚的称呼变了；七大洲和四大洋的名称变化。比如英国由Britain变为the United Kingdom.再来看英语二，除了英语一的变化外，还有新增了八个语法知识。包括名词、代词的构成及其用法；动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；虚拟语气的构成及其用法等。对于政治大纲的改变见怪不怪，每年跟紧肖大就没问题了。政治考点变动了58个，马原变动了1处，“关于马克思主义的特性”；毛中特变动17处，主要是新时代的生态文明建设原则、全面建设小康社会的六个原则等。总结就是，几乎没变化。抓住新大纲，重点学习大纲是最好的参考书，大家可以先听一下考研名师对大纲的分析，然后自己以对比的形式分析新大纲与大纲，分析变化就能洞悉考试的重点方向。变动的地方很有可能就是考试的重点，大家需重点关注，不仅了解知识，更了解知识背后的来源依据等。比如英语新增加了30多个一带一路沿线国家的名称，考试是不是会着重考察一带一路背后的经济和文化交流呢；政治新增加的都是这两年的时事政治热点，肯定是必考的。虽然我们用的参考书就是依据大纲编写的，可老班长觉得我们很有必要根据大纲一条一条的把知识过一遍。踏踏实实的过，打牢基础，再进行多轮复习的时候也相对容易了。考研之旅需要坚持在通往成功的道路上总是充满了很多荆棘，考研注定是一场孤独的旅程，有多少同学还没到站就放弃了。老班长见过两个同学，一个很早在大二下就报了考研的培训班，然而大三下就放弃了，每天的日常变成了看剧；还有一个大三的暑假说回家准备考研，然后大四开学就说不考了，发现自己不适合学习，但是也没有好好找工作，毕业时却又想考研了。以上两种人注定是很难成功的。一旦选择了考研，就要把心沉下来，不要被外面的诱惑所打扰，坚持到最后也是一种胜利。未来还很长，我们做的每一次选择都不知对错，只要跟着自己的内心走就没有错。

2020考研新大纲已发布，比往年来得早了2个月。那么，2020年考研大纲有哪些新变化呢？做为2020年考研的“考研党”们，又改如何应对呢？我们一起来看一下~重大变化：增加了三十个国家的名字稍有变动：1. 新增大纲样题，但题型未变2. 重点提出对于词汇和语法的应用。新大纲词汇解析复习备考建议：1.刷真题！刷真题！刷真题！2.长难句减少，注重短句。但也不要觉得短句简单，也可能会出现复杂语法现象。3.词汇很重要。要注意词汇的1.①本身含义；②词性；③熟词僻义；④同义替换。4.2014年以后《经济学人》的文章减少，基本不考，取而代之的是比较小众的文章。5.在冲刺阶段，不管考英语一还是英语二，对于图画作文和图表作文都要进行大致了解，小作文还是要重点复习应用文（告示也要复习）。6.在写作中，要提高用已经学会的单词描述不会的单词的能力。7.整篇文章进行逐句翻译——积累真题词汇、短语。8.暑假阶段要打牢基础（词汇、语法），才能在秋季中加速提高。9.不要忽视虚拟语气等语法点，结合英语一，二的考研语法点中，会更多强调了各个语法点的用法，比如插入语，倒装句的用法。10.翻译题目的复习注意事项：a.理解。理解句子中的词汇、短语。b.表达。影响表达的因素有译者对英语原文理解的深度、译者自身汉语修养的程度、译者对英汉两种语言文化的掌握程度，译者尽量摆脱原文束缚。c.校对、检查。这步要求比照英语原文和汉语译文检查句子是否准确、通顺。调整汉语的顺序让整个句子读起来舒服通顺。以上就是本期学姐的分享，想了解更多考研干货的小可爱们请关注我哦！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试大纲7月8日（今天）正式发布，真的是让人措手不及。高教考试在线刚开始发布消息说是今年考研大纲将于7月中旬公布，后来有了确切的时间7月13日，再后来就是7月8日正式发布上市。考研大纲发布的时间一再提前，2020考研er也成为了近些年最早公布考研大纲的一届。现在考研大纲已经发布，那么我们应该如何查找考试大纲、最新考试大纲主要有哪些变化，是20考研er目前最关心的事情。今天，惠园教育小编就针对这些考研er比较关心的事情做一个全方位的解析。一、大纲的类别大纲主要分为公共课考试大纲和专业课考试大纲。其中公共课就是政治英语数学。专业课分为三类，分别是教育部统一公布、各大高校及学院公布以及不公布三种类型。其中由教育部统一公布的大纲有：二、考研大纲的作用1、考研大纲非常重要，它是规定当年考研相应科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等内容的权威，当然了，也是官方发布的唯一权威考研指南和命题的唯一依据。2、考研大纲可以理解为是给考研初试划重点，大纲里明确说的不考什么，是绝对不会出现在考题里的（特指政治），但有的内容，比如超纲单词，这个大纲不会明确说明，但绝对是个别的。三、考研大纲的下载渠道1、教育部教育部是主管教育事业和语言文字工作的国务院组成部门，公共课考研大纲和统考专业课考研大纲由教育部统一公布。2、招生信息网站一些招生信息网站，例如考研网上报名的研招网、考研信息等网站都有更新考研大纲的相关信息，在考研大纲公布后考生们可以登录这类网站去寻找自己所需要的大纲。3、报考学校官网每年这个时候，学校就会发布招生简章和考生大纲，所以对于目标院校的官网一定要时刻关注，在这里下载的考研大纲最新切准确度高，这是大部分同学都会选择的一个途径。4、社交平台下载随着网络的不断发展，现在信息获取渠道也变得更加丰富，一些微博、论坛、贴吧之类的社交平台，通过资料分享就可以查看考研大纲，不需要自己去寻找，缺点则是不如官方渠道正规，可信度相对一般。所以需要同学们在官方通知的大纲变动内容基础上，擦亮眼睛，认真辨别。5、考研资讯网站作为专门为考研的小伙伴提供资讯服务的网站，通常会以较快的速度更新考研相关信息、考研大纲相关原文，并且还会同步进行大纲的解析直播。 昨天，由“高教考试在线”联合“微博教育”进行了关于考研大纲的全网直播！各位考研er可以直接查看相关名师关于大纲的解析。四、各科大纲的变化和往年相比今年的考研大纲并没有出现任何“反常”的变化，一切都还在可控的范围之内，大家可以放下心复习备考啦！1、政治：微调“马原”和“中国近代史纲要”这两门课属于轻微调整，基本没有大幅度变化。“毛中特”和“形势与政策”这两部分政治大纲有较大的变化，对于“毛中特”部分，主要是加入了“新中国”思想以及“新中国特色社会主义”理念，这两个新理念是符合当前发展潮流的主流思想，因此“毛中特”的大纲有较大的调整。至于“形式与政策”部分，这一块不用多说，调整幅度是最大的，因为“形式”时刻在变，而“政策”也并非一成不变，因此“形式与政策”的具体考点，还需要细看考研大纲，掌握最新动态。具体关注点如下：马克思主义基本原理概论：重点关注第一章中关于马克思主义鲜明特征知识点的调整。毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论：从考研大纲变动来看，毛中特变动不大，但回归到考试大纲解析中，一些具体的说法还是有变动的，很明显的体现了中央新精神、新思想。中国近代史纲要：重点关注以下几个调整点：新文化运动、中国共产党成立的意义。对于纲要的复习要重点关注整数纪年事件。思想道德修养与法律基础：要重点关注人生态度、人生矛盾的描述，关于社会主义核心价值观的评价，关于道德修养的描述，关于依法治国和以德治国相结合的描述，关于法律权利与法律义务的关系的描述等等。形势与政策以及当代世界经济与政治：形势与政策考查2019年1月到2019年12月国内、国际的重大时事，特别要重点关注领导人在中外各种场合的重要讲话。2、数学：不变张宇老师很干脆的一点，考研数学大纲没有变化。之前有数学二会增加内容的消息引起考数学二考研er的恐慌，下面给各位考研e吃一颗定心丸：数学大纲不变！考数二的同学们放心吧！而且从这几年的平均得分来看，2020考研数学又是艰难的一年，大家一定要有心理准备。具体关注点如下：注意线性代数的复习强调整体性与连续性，考试考察的时候会和其它知识点结合起来进行考察。3、英语：不考听力，增加单词英语大纲每年都有把过去一年最新的真题和解析补充进去，而且样题也会做更新，这都是每年出版考试大纲的常规操作，可以说跟大家关系不大。 总的来说，英语大纲约等于没变化，只是在局部微调，对于考研备考几乎没有影响，主要改动的是词汇部分，新增了30多个一带一路友好国家、地区名称，这种变动表现出国际文化交流主题需得到重视。如果今年的翻译里面出来了这些地名，则一定要会翻译，否则要扣分。同时，今年的考研作文可以多关注下【国际文化交流】、【文化之间的理解、沟通】之类的话题。具体关注点如下：附录部分的国家名和洲名处有所调整，需要同学们引起注意！五、读懂考研大纲关键词在研读大纲的时候并不是漫无目的的读一遍，而是要注意一些字眼，比如了解、理解、掌握、会用等，从这些字眼就可以看出命题人考试的关键所在。1、了解对这样的概念或者理论，只要知道它的基本概念和公式理论就够了，不需要知道它是怎么来的，用它怎样解决什么样的实际问题的。这个可能应该在以后的问题来讨论，对了解只是知道这个概念它是怎么样的概念，这个公式是怎样的公式，这样的理论是什么样的理论就够了。2、理解这要比了解高一个层次了，不仅要知道这个概念，而且要知道它的来源，这个概念为什么要提出来，从哪一个方面提出来的，这是一个方面，再一个方面对这个概念提出了之后将来要解决什么，要利用这个概念能够解决什么样的问题。3、掌握是所有要求中级别最高的，不但要知道这个概念、公式或定理，而且要知道它们的来龙去脉，如何推倒出来的，对于这些概念、公式或定理应该不但知道将来能解决什么问题，而且在出现不同题型考察这个知识点时要回灵活运用，达到熟练解决问题的程度。4、会用这样的词出来之后，这主要是对于某一个概念会用，也就是而不用管它的来源，只用知道它的使用方法就可以了。知道是要在什么情况下使用它，比方说这个公式只要会用了，可以拿它解决问题就可以了，至于它的来龙去脉不需要太清楚。六、如何使用大纲1、紧盯变化考点,用练习落实考纲新大纲公布出来后，我们应该拿旧大纲对比，找出新大纲变化的内容。其中一些删除了的考点大就可以不用管了。像把考点合并或者拆分的知识点不需要花费太多时间，因为内容大概一致，大家对这些知识点已经复习过了。所以同学们最关注的应该是新增考点。从知识点名称的变化到内容变化，都要认真看清楚，因为这些新增考点很有可能成为考场上的试题。建议考生们多关注对新增知识点的深度解析，有助于加深理解，扩宽知识点外延。2、重视使用顺序大纲作为考试的指挥棒，在阅读的使用顺序上也要讲究方式方法。一定要首先明确考研会考什么内容、有什么样的规律，做到心中有数才能制定正确的复习计划，为走向成功奠定良好的基础。一般来说，放在前面的知识点都是近几年来出现过多次，考得比较频繁的知识点。考生要结合自身的学习情况，根据自身的学习规律来使用考纲。3、用考纲制定策略，用练习落实考纲新大纲发布之后的复习策略，一定要建立在充分熟悉考纲的基础之上。并且一定要落实到具体的练习中，用练习检测自己的考习状况。通过练习来找出忽略的、没完全弄懂的，或者理解错误的知识点，让自己的复习效果达到最优。七、后面如何复习1、政治罗天老师：789三个月不碰大题，跟课程听知识点，整理笔记，比如说土地政策。做选择题，先做真题，再做模拟题，考研英语重基础轻冲刺，政治重冲刺轻基础，政治相对容易突击，大家不要对政治太害怕。2、数学张宇老师：第一，按照大纲要求知识点，点点吃透，偏的知识点，每年都有，今年要引导大家全面复习知识点，不能只看重点，偏的点就不看，每个点好好看第二，知识点是散的，一盘散沙，所以第二条要求大家科学的知识结构，把知识点串起来，知识点之间的联系和构成，形成良好的数学素质和学科的科学体系第三，熟悉套路，当你有了知识体系之后，命题的思路和套路要熟悉，知道命题老师要怎么出题，知识点之间怎么综合起来出题，这都是今年要强调的部分，反反复复扎扎实实念念不忘必有回响，对于陌生的东西都要反反复复做，不要第一遍第二遍不会就放弃了，第三遍再反复就会了第四，对于考试复习，明白两个环节，数学的学习必须要有闭关修炼的阶段，集中大量时间和精力攻克难点的过程，从量变到质变，然后是细水长流，每个人都会遗忘，后面复习英语政治不能遗忘数学，不能学下然后扔掉。看完教材看完书，然后做题，通过每天坚持做习题的好习惯，保持知识点，知识结构和套路，始终让知识点在大脑中重复，一直坚持到考试当天，保障考场的发挥。尤其要避免冲刺阶段背政治背英语而忽视了数学，几天不动笔算算题手就生了。3、英语宫东风老师：第一个是单个单词在短语和句子中意思的考察，而不是单词本身意思的考察；第二个是在阅读理解中最近大家都在研究长难句，考研题目也将侧重短句的考察；第三个是通过题干很难在原文中找到对应的原文，而更倾向于句间逻辑的判断。这几句说的看似高深，其实还是一方面英语基本功扎实，另一方面，对阅读本质更加深入的理解，也属于正常要求。在考试大纲具体的变动上面，宫东风老师也做了一些提示，主要是涉及到大纲词汇的变化，关于大纲词汇方面，英语一和英语二词汇要求是一样的。从今年开始，遇到国家名称，你要会翻译出来，一带一路友好国家名字都在新增的这些词汇这里面，今年的作文也可能考到国际文化交流等相关话题，渗透着教育部考试中心的意志，这个变化是值得深思的。最后，惠园教育小编做一个简单总结：【数学】请继续，复习不受大纲影响，但难度强度暑假要上去【英语】样题真题做参考，单词短语阅读逻辑还是要自己去研究。【政治】大部分同学应该暑期才开始复习政治，政治老师随后应该都会根据大纲对习题体系做一些增补或者修改，大家也是跟着学就可以了。2020考研大纲已公布，希望各位考研er都可以利用好暑期这一黄金备考期，圆梦目标院校。