考研词汇题

嗨，这里是小恬的第8篇文章。前几天有些感冒，于是断更。现继续跟大家分享一些内容，也是对自己的督促。今日主要内容是真题中完型和阅读一内不容易掌握的单词、短语，当然只是小恬个人经验，希望有所帮助。一、完型：it was the case事实上it was once the case在以前partaken of 吃serve up 端上来come across as 看上去像 / 听起来像 / 给人的感觉是just end up with最终只会是……结果 / 最终只会以……结束/最终只会culinary 烹饪的render呈现spurn摈弃compound化合物neurological神经学的carcinogenic致癌的cancerigenic(肿瘤)致癌的precautionary预先警示的exhortantion训道词nannying保姆的resemblance相似之处reluctantly不情愿地，勉强地二、阅读一be confined to局限在for a spell持续一阵子sought-after广受欢迎的high-profile高调的self-deceiving 自我欺骗的post-Brexit 英国脱欧后(post ……之后Br 英国；exit 出)endeavour to do竭力commit to投入于prestigious有声望的prominence突出，锋芒，高潮oynic愤世嫉俗的reinvent改造，革新speculate推测aspiration意愿，愿望nudge推动comsolidate巩固bolder大胆的skeptical怀疑的

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

网上搜集的考研英语一，2018-2020年真题各题型的词汇和词组。近三年的真题词汇哦，马住看起来！via：是花满楼啊考研初试倒计时3天，还剩最后3天了，这周过了就好了，再坚持一下下。

1. tendency[tendnsi]n趋势，趋向；倾向2. trend[trend]n倾向vi伸向3. attitude[ttju:d]n态度4. attribute[trbju:t]v归属于n属性5. thrive[θrav]v兴旺,繁荣6. contribute[kntrbju:t]v(to)贡献,捐助;投稿7. distribute[dstrbju:t]v分发;分配;(over)散布8. augment[:gment]n/v增大，增强9. authority[:θrti]n权威10. systematic[sstmtk]a(systematical)系统的,有组织的11. available[velbl]a可用到的12. occur[k:(r)]v出现;存在;想起13. occurrence[krns]n发生;事件,14. damage[dmd]v/n损害,毁坏n(pl)损害赔偿费15. dash[d]v/n突进n破折号16. dazzle[dzl]v使惊奇n耀眼的光17. decade[deked]n十年18. dedicate[dedket]vt奉献;献身于19. profit[prft]n利润v(by,from)得利20. generate[denret]vt产生,发生;生殖21. delight[dlat]n快乐v(使)高兴22. enlighten[nlatn]v启发,启蒙,教导23. deny[dna]v否认,否定;拒绝24. negative[negtv]a消极的n负数25. density[densti]n密集,密度,浓度26. dependent[dpendnt]a依靠的,依赖的,从属的27. deprive[dprav]vt剥夺,夺去,使丧失28. privacy[prvsi]n(不受干扰的)独处，自由，隐私29. private[pravt]a私人的,个人的,秘密的30. privilege[prvld]n特权v给予特权31. desirable[dzarbl]a值得做的;合意的;期望得到的32. desperate[desprt]a不顾一切的；绝望的33. amuse[mju:z]v使娱乐，使消遣34. analyze['nlaz]v分解；分析35. synthetic[snθetk]a合成的,人造的;综合的36. apart[pɑ:t]a分开的37. department[dpɑ:tmnt]n部门;系38. departure[dpɑ:t(r)]n离开,起程39. partial[pɑ:l]a部分的;偏袒的,偏爱的40. participate[pɑ:tspet]v(in)参与;分享;含有41. appeal[pi:l]v恳求，上诉；吸引42. plead[pli:d]v恳求;为…辩护;提出…为理由43. competitive[kmpetitiv]a竞争的；好竞争的；(价格等的)有竞争的44. application[plken]n申请；应用45. appraisal[prezl]n评价，估量46. appreciate[pri:iet]v欣赏，鉴赏；感激47. precious[pres]a珍贵的,贵重的48. approach[prt]v接近n途径，方法49. pursue[psju:]v追赶;继续,从事50. pursuit[psju:t]n追赶,追求;职业51. radical[rdkl]a基本的,重要的;激进的52. random[rndm]a随机的n随机53. range[rend]n范围v排列成行54. rank[rk]n社会阶层v分等级55. rate[ret]n速率v估价56. rational[rnl]a理性的,合理的57. reason[ri:zn]n原因v说服58. realm[relm]n国土;领域59. royal[rl]a王室的;第一流的,高贵的60. reckless[rekls]a,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的61. recruit[rkru:t]v补充n新成员62. reflect[rflekt]v反射,反映,表现63. reign[ren]n/v统治n统治时期64. reluctant[rlktnt]a不愿的,勉强的65. render[rend(r)]v使得,致使;提出66. represent[reprzent]v描述,代表;阐明67. request[rkwest]v/n请求,要求68. require[rkwa(r)]v需要;(of)要求,命令69. resemble[rzembl]v像,类似70. respond[rspnd]v回答,响应,作出反应71. restore[rst:(r)]v恢复;归还;修复72. reward[rw:d]n(for)报酬,赏金v(for)酬劳;酬谢73. rigid[rdd]a刚性的;刻板的;严厉的74. vigorous[vgrs]a朝气蓬勃的,精力旺盛的75. ritual[rtul]a宗教仪式的n(宗教)仪式76. robust[rbst]a强健的,雄壮的,精力充沛的77. root[ru:t]n根v(使)生根78. ruin[ru:n]v毁灭n毁灭79. sacred[sekrd]a神圣的;宗教的;庄严的80. chemical[kemkl]a化学的n(pl)化学制品81. circulate[s:kjlet]v(使)循环,(使)流通82. classic[klsk]n(pl)杰作a第一流的83. climate[klamt]n气候;风气,社会思潮84. decline[dklan]v下降;拒绝n下降;斜面85. cognitive[kgntv]a认知的，认识能力的86. collaborate[klbret]vi协作，合作；(与敌人)勾结87. corporation[k:pren]n市镇自治机关；法人；公司88. operate[pret]v操作,起作用,动手术89. operational[prenl]a操作的,运转的,起作用的90. collapse[klps]v/n倒塌；崩溃；(价格)暴跌91. combine[kmn]v联合；结合；化合n集团；联合企业92. comment[kment]n注释v(on)注释93. mental[mentl]a精神的,思想的,心理的94. material[mtril]n材料a物质的95. commerce[km:s]n商业，贸易；交际96. commercial[km:l]a商业的n广告节目97. commit[kmit]v把…交托给;犯(错误),干(坏事)98. transmit[trnsmt]vt发射vi发射信号99. commodity[kmditi]n(pl)日用品；商品；农/矿产品100. communicate[kmju:nikeit]v传达;交流;通讯101. immune[mju:n]a免疫的;有受影响的;豁免的102. comparable[kmprbl]a(with,to)可比较的,比得上的103. compare[kmp]vt(to，with)比较；(to)把…比作vi相比104. impair[mpe(r)]v损害,损伤;削弱105. complicate[kmplket]v使复杂；使难懂；使（病）恶化106. plicate[dju:plket]n复制品v复写107. explicit[ksplst]a详述的,明确的;坦率的108. implicit[mplst]a含蓄的;(in)固有的;无疑问的109. compromise[kmprmaiz]n妥协vi妥协110. promising[prms]a有希望的,有前途的111. reputation[repjuten]n名誉,名声,声望112. reveal[rvi:l]v展现,显示,揭示113. revelation[revlen]n揭示,揭露,显示114. conceive[knsi:v]v(of)设想;以为;怀胎115. concept[knsept]n概念，观念，设想116. precise[prsas]a精确的,准确的117. condemn[kndem]v谴责,指责;判刑118. contempt[kntempt]n轻视，藐视；受辱119. conct[kndkt]n行为v引导120. introce[ntrdju:s]vt介绍；引进，传入121. reproce[ri:prdju:s]v生殖;翻版;复制122. offer[f(r)]v提供n提议123. refer[rf:(r)]v参考;提到;提交124. reference[refrns]n提及,涉及;参考书目125. suffer[sf(r)]v(from)受痛苦;受损失126. transfer[trnsf:(r)]vt/n转移；转换；转让127. profession[prfen]n职业,专业,表白128. faith[feθ]n信任;信仰,信条129. definite[defnt]a明确的;一定的;意志坚强的130. conflict[knflkt]n战斗v(with)抵触131. format[f:mt]n格式vt设计132. perform[pf:m]v履行,执行;表演133. performance[pf:mns]n履行;表演;性能134. transform[trnsf:m]vt改变,变换;变压;转化;改造,改造135. confront[knfrnt]v使面临,使遭遇;面对(危险等)136. gratitude[grttju:d]n感激,感谢137. conscious[kns]a(of)意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的138. consequence[knskwns]n结果,后果;重要性139. sequence[si:kwns]n句子;判决v宣判140. subsequent[sbskwnt]a随后的,后来的141. consensus[knsenss]n(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识142. sensible[sensbl]a明智的;可觉察的,明显的143. sensitive[senstv]a(to)敏感的,易受伤害的;灵敏的144. deserve[dz:v]v应受,值得145. observe[bz:v]v观察,观测,注意到146. preserve[prz:v]v保护,维持;保存147. considerable[knsdrbl]a相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的148. prospect[prspekt]n景色;前景,前途149. retrospect[retrspekt]v/n回顾，回想，追溯[反]foresee150. suspect[sspekt]v猜想a可疑的151. conspiracy[knsprsi]n阴谋，密谋，共谋152. spirit[sprt]n精神;(pl)情绪;(pl)酒精153. constant[knstnt]a固定的n常数154. constituent[knsttjunt]n选民a组成的155. constitute[knsttju:t]vt组成；设立，建立156. institution[nsttju:n]n公共机构;协会;学校157. substitute[sbsttju:t]n代替者v(for)代替158. statute[sttu:t]n法令，法规；章程159. constrain[knstren]vt限制；克制，抑制160. restrain[rstren]v(from)抑制,制止161. consume[knsju:m]vt消耗(with)使着迷162. contact[kntkt]v/n(使)接触,联系,交往163. integrity[ntegrti]n正直,诚实;完整,完全164. temporary[temprri]a暂时的,临时的165. contradict[kntrdkt]v反驳;同…矛盾,同…抵触166. dictate[dktet]v口授;(使)听写;指令167. predict[prdkt]v预言,预测,预告168. verify[verfa]vt证实,查证;证明169. contrary[kntrri]a(to)相反的n反对170. counterpart[kantpɑ:t]n对应的人(或物)171. convey[knve]v运送;传达,传播172. coordinate[k':dnet]a同等的n同等者173. relevant[relvnt]a有关的,中肯的,相应的174. correspond[krspnd]v通信,(with)符合;(to)相当于175. criterion[kratrin]n(plcriteria或criterions)标准，尺度176. critical[krtkl]a批评的,紧要的;临界的177. criticize[krtsaz]v(criticise)批评,评论178. crucial[kru:l]a至关重要的,决定性的179. cultivate[kltvet]v耕作,栽培,养殖180. abide[bad]v遵守181. capacity[kpsti]n容量;能力;接受力182. norm[n:m]n准则,规范,准则183. normal[n:ml]a普通的;正规的,标准的184. establish[stbl]v建立;安置,使定居185. establishment[stblmnt]n建立,设立,建立的机构186. stability[stblti]n稳定,安定187. abound[band]a丰富，大量存在188. abundant[bndnt]a丰富的，充裕的189. abroad[br:d]adv宽广；在国外190. abrupt[brpt]a唐突的191. disrupt[dsrpt]vt使混乱，使崩溃，使分裂192. absent[bsnt]a缺席的193. absence[bsns]n缺席194. extract[ekstrkt]v/n拔出;摘录n抽取物195. property[prpti]n财产;性质,特性196. address[dres]n地址，演讲v处理，解决197. adequate[dkwt]a足够的，相当的198. equipment[kwpmnt]n设备,装置;才能199. equivalent[kwvlnta(to)相等的n相等物200. adhere[dh(r)]v黏贴；坚持201. coherent[khrnt]a一致的，协调的；(话语等)条理清楚的202. conjunction[kndkn]n接合，连接；连(接)词203. subject[sbdkt]n主题a隶属的204. objective[bdektv]n目标a客观的205. adjust[dst]v调整，使适应，校正206. administration[dmnstren]n管理207. admission[dmn]n承认208. adopt[dpt]v采纳，收养209. advance[dvɑ:ns]v前进210. advantage[dvɑ:ntd]n优势211. fabulous[fbjls]a极好的；寓言中的212. fade[fed]v褪色;衰减n淡入(出)213. fail[fel]v失败,不及格;衰退214. faint[fent]a微弱的n/v昏倒215. false[f:lsa谬误的,虚伪的,伪造的216. fault[f:lt]n过失,过错;缺点,毛病217. feature[fi:t(r)]n特征v以为特色218. figure[fg(r)]n数字v描绘219. fertilizer[f:tlaz(r)]n(fertiliser)肥料220. fetch[fet]v取来;接来;引出n取得221. fierce[fs]a凶猛的,残忍的;狂热的222. finance[fanns]n财政,金融v为…提供资金223. fine[fan]a美好的v/n罚金,罚款224. flaw[fl:]n裂缝;缺陷v使破裂;使有缺陷225. forecast[f:kɑ:st]v/n预测,预报226. formidable[f:mdbl]a强大的;令人敬畏的;可怕的227. frown[fran]v皱眉228. fulfill[fl'fl]v(fulfil)完成,履行,实践229. fundamental[fndmentl]a基础的n(pl)基本原则230. profound[prfand]a深刻的,意义深远的;渊博的231. generous[denrs]a宽宏大量的,慷慨的232. genetic[dnetk]a遗传(学)的n[-s]遗传学233. glamour[glm(r)]n(glamour)魅力vt迷惑234. glowing[gl]adj灼热的v发光235. gorgeous[g:ds]a华丽的；灿烂的；美丽的236. grant[grɑ:nt]v同意n授予物237. guarantee[grnti:]n保证v保证238. warrant[wrnt]v穿着，戴着n穿，戴239. safeguard[sefgɑ:d]v维护n安全装置240. guilty[glti]a(of)有罪的,内疚的241. harmony[hɑ:mni]n协调,和谐;融洽242. attract[trkt]v吸引243. attractive[trktv]a有吸引力的244. academic[kdemk]a学院的；学术的245. academy[kdmi]n学院246. excel[ksel]vi擅长vt胜过247. acceptance[kseptns]n接受248. susceptible[sseptbl]a易受影响的;易受感动的;易受感染的249. access[kses]n入口；享用权v接近250. excessive[ksesv]a过多的;过分的;额外251. predecessor[pri:dses(r)]n前辈，前任252. process[prses]n过程v加工,处理253. succession[sksen]n连续,系列;继任254. proceed[prsi:d]v进行,继续下去;发生255. succeed[sksi:d]vi成功vt接替256. precede[prsi:d]v领先(于),在(…之前);优先257. accident[ksdnt]n事故258. acclaim[klem]v欢呼，喝彩259. claim[klem]v要求n要求;断言260. accompany[kmpni]v陪伴261. accomplish[kmpl]v完成，达到目的262. accord[k:d]v一致，符合263. accordingto[k:dt]按照264. account[kant]n账目v报账；解释265. accumulate[kju:mjlet]v积累266. curious[kjris]a好奇的,求知的,古怪的267. secure[skj(r)]a(from,against)安全的v得到268. security[skjrti]n安全(感),防御(物),保证(人)269. accuse[kju:z]v谴责270. accustomed[kstmd]a习惯的271. used[ju:st]a用旧了的，习惯于…；过去惯/经常272. achieve[ti:v]v成就，成功273. acknowledge[knld]v承认274. acquire[kwa(r)]v获得，学到275. acquaintance[kwentns]n熟人，熟事276. acquisition[kwzn]n获得；获得物277. active[ktv]a积极的，活跃的278. transaction[trnzkn]n办理,处理;交易279. agenda[dend]n议事日程，待办事项280. adapt[dpt]v使适应，改编281. satire[sta(r)]n讽刺,讽刺文学,讽刺作品282. scarf[skɑ:f]n围巾,头巾,领巾283. scatter[skt(r)]v散开,驱散;散布284. scheme[ski:m]n计划,v,策划285. scrutiny[skru:tni]n周密的调查；仔细看；监视286. shame[em]n羞耻v使羞愧287. shelter[elt(r)]n庇护；避难所v保护，使掩蔽288. sincere[sns(r)]a诚挚的,真实的,诚恳的289. stuff[stf]n原料v填满290. sponsor[spns(r)]n发起人v发起291. spur[sp:(r)]n刺激v刺激292. steep[sti:p]a陡峭的vt浸泡293. stern[st:n]a严厉的n船尾294. strengthen[streθn]v加强,巩固295. strike[strak]n击v抚摸296. subsidy[sbsdi]n补助金；津贴费297. subtle[stl]a精巧的,巧妙的;细微的298. urban[:bn]a城市的,市内的299. suffice[sfas]v充足；vt(食物等)使(某人)满足300. superficial[su:pfl]a表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的301. supreme[su:pri:m]a极度的,最重要的;至高的302. tackle[tkl]n滑车；工具v解决303. vehicle[vi:kl]n交通工具;媒介,载体304. terrify[terfa]v使害怕,使惊恐305. tolerance[tlrns]n宽容；容忍；耐药力306. despite[dspat]prep不管,不顾307. detect[dtekt]v察觉,发觉,侦察308. determine[dt:mn]v决心,决定;确定309. develop[dvelp]v发展;显现;发育310. trivial[trvil]a琐碎的;无足轻重的311. previous[pri:vis]a先前的,以前的312. devote[dvt]v(to)奉献,致力313. vote[vt]n投票v表决314. indifferent[ndfrnt]a冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的315. dilemma[dlem]n(进退两难的)窘境,困境316. intelligence[nteldns]n智力;情报317. intellectual[ntlektul]n知识分子a智力的318. discern[ds:n]v发现;辨别319. disgrace[dsgres]n失宠v使失宠320. disposal[dspzl]n处理,处置;布置321. oppose[pz]v反对,使对立,使对抗322. positive[pztv]a肯定的,积极的,绝对的323. possess[pzes]v占有,拥有324. possession[pzen]n持有;所有权;(pl)财产325. obsession[bsen]n迷住,困扰326. traffic[trfk]n交通,交通327. translation[trnslen]n翻译;译文,译本328. tremendous[trmends]a巨大的,极大的329. ultimate[ltmt]a最后的,最终的;根本的330. undergraate[ndgrt]n大学生,大学肆业生331. underline[ndlan]vt在…下划线;强调332. undermine[ndman]v暗中破坏,逐渐削弱;侵蚀…的基础333. unfold[nfld]vt打开;显露;展示vi呈现;显示;展示334. union[ju:nin]n制服a相同的335. unique[juni:k]a唯一的,独一无二的336. update[pdet]v更新,使现代化337. urge[:d]vt催促n强烈欲望,338. urgent[:dnt]a急迫的，紧要的，紧急的339. vanish[vn]vi突然不见;消失340. vanity[vnti]n虚荣心,浮华341. violate[valet]vt违背;冒犯;妨碍342. virtue[v:tu:]n德行;贞操;优点343. vital[vatl]a生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的344. volume[vlju:m]n容积,体积;音量345. voluntary[vlntri]a自愿的,志愿的346. volunteer[vlnt(r)]n/v自愿(者,兵);自愿(提供)347. whisper[wsp(r)]v私下说n耳语;传闻348. wisdom[wzdm]n智慧,明智;名言349. withhold[whld]vt使停止;vi忍住350. worldwide[w:ldwad]a全世界的ad遍及全世界351. yield[ji:ld]v出产;(to)屈服n产量352. zeal[zi:l]n热心，热忱，热情353. anticipate[ntspet]v预见，期望354. advent[dvent]n到来，来临355. convention[knvenn]n大会;惯例;公约356. conversely[knv:sli]ad相反地357. reverse[rv:s]n相反a相反的358. version[v:n]n版本;译本;说法359. affect[fekt]v影响360. affirm[f:m]v断言，确认361. confirm[knf:m]v使更坚固;(进一步)证实;确认362. fluctuate[flktuetv(使)波动;(使)起伏363. influential[nfluenl]a有影响的;有权势的364. afford[f:d]v负担得起365. aggravate[grvet]v加重366. alleviate[li:viet]v减轻367. congress[kgres]n(代表)大会;(美国等国的)国会,议会368. evaluate[vljuet]v估价,评价;求…的值369. value[vlju:]n价值v评价370. avoid[vd]v避免371. bear[be(r)]n熊v忍受，支撑372. benign[bnan]a良性的373. bewilder[bwld(r)]v使迷惑，使手足无措374. bizarre[bzɑ:(r)]a奇特的，怪异的375. flourish[flr]n/v繁荣,茂盛,兴旺376. obscure[bskj(r)]a暗的,朦胧的;模糊的377. boost[bu:st]v推进，促进，提高378. bother[b(r)]v烦扰，打搅379. brief[bri:f]a短的380. browse[braz]v吃嫩枝；浏览381. budget[bdt]n预算382. bureaucracy[bjrkrsi]n官僚主义383. democracy[dmkrsi]n民主,民主制,民主国家384. democratic[demkrtk]a民主的385. demonstrate[demnstret]v论证;演示,说明386. epidemic[epdemk]a流行性的n流行病387. passion[pn]n热情,激情;激怒388. passive[psv]a被动的,消极的389. speculate[spekjulet]vi思索vt思索390. campaign[kmpen]n战役;运动391. champion[tmpin]n冠军,得胜者;拥护者392. campus[kmps]n(大学)校园393. candidate[knddt]n候选人,候补者;报考者394. career[kr(r)]n(个人的)事业；生涯，职业395. case[kes]n箱,盒;情况;病例396. category[ktgri]n种类；范畴，类型397. cater[ket(r)]vi(for/to)满足;(for)提供饮食及服务398. cause[k:z]n原因v引起399. cautious[k:s]a(of)小心的,谨慎的400. caution[k:n]n谨慎vt劝…小心401. celebrate[selbret]vt庆祝vi庆祝402. celebrity[slebrti]n名人；著名，名声403. challenge[tlnd]n挑战(书)v向…挑战404. chaos[kes]n混乱,紊乱405. characterize[krktraz]v表示…的特性;描述…特性406. charter[tɑ:t(r)]v租船,租车n宪章407. solution[slu:n]n解答,解决办法;溶解408. distinct[dstkt]a清楚的,明显的;(from)截然不同的409. disturb[dst:b]v扰乱,妨碍,使不安410. turbulent[t:bjlnt]a狂暴的,无秩序的411. doctrine[dktrn]n教条，教义；法律原则412. domain[dmen]n(活动,思想等)领域,范围;领地413. dominate[dmnet]v支配,统治;占优势414. prominent[prmnnt]a突起的,凸出的;突出的415. masterpiecen杰作,名著416. dramatic[drmtk]a戏剧的,戏剧性的;剧烈的417. rough[rf]a粗糙的,大致的;粗野的418. tough[tf]a坚韧的,棘手的;强健的419. dwell[dwel]v住,居留420. dynamic[danmk]a动力的,电动的;有生气的421. status[stets]n地位,身份;情形422. obstacle[bstkl]n障碍(物),妨碍,阻碍423. economic[i:knmk]a经济(上)的,经济学的424. eligible[eldbl]a符合条件的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的425. eloquent[elkwnt]a雄辩的,有说服力的;善辩的426. embark[mbɑ:k]v(使)上船(或飞机,汽车等);着手,从事427. embarrass[mbrs]vt使困窘,使局促不安;阻碍428. embody[mbdi]vt具体表达;包含,收录429. emotion[mn]n情绪,情感,感情430. mood[mu:d]n心情,情绪;语气431. motivate[mtvet]vt促动；激励，作为…的动机432. emphasis[emfss]n强调,重点433. empirical[mprkl]a凭经验(或观察)的,经验主义的434. theoretical[θretkl]a理论(上)的435. employ[mpl]n/v雇用;用,使用436. endeavor[n'dev]v/n(endeavour)努力,尽力,力图437. enrance[indjurns]n忍耐(力),持久(力),耐久(性)438. enre[indju]v忍受,持久,持续439. enhance[inhɑ:ns]v实施;强制;支持’440. entail[ntel]vt使承担;需要;把(疾病等)遗传给441. enthusiasm[nθju:zizm]n热情;狂热;积极性(for)442. enthusiastic[nθju:zistk]a热情的,热心的443. entitle[ntatl]v给以权利(或资格);给…称号(题名);授权444. envisage[nvzd]v想象，设想，展望445. revise[rvaz]v修订,校订;修正446. survey[s:ve]v/n眺望;调查;测量图447. visible[vzbl]a看得见的,明显的,显著的448. vision[vn]n视力;远见;幻想449. prudent[pru:dnt]a谨慎的,智慧的,稳健的450. escape[skep]n逃跑v逃跑451. essay[ese]n文章,短文452. essence[esns]n本质,实质453. essential[senl]a本质的n本质454. statistical[st'tstkl]a统计的,统计学的455. estimate[estmt]v/n估计;评估456. ethnic[eθnk]a种族的；人种学的457. evade[ved]vt逃避，回避；避开458. inevitable[nevtbl]a不可避免的,必然发生的459. revolve[rvlv]v(使)旋转;考虑;【天】公转,循环460. exclusive[ksklu:sv]a独占的;排他的;孤高的461. executive[gzekjtv]n总经理a执行的462. expertise[eksp:ti:z]n专门知识(或技能等),专长463. explode[kspld]v(使)爆炸,(使)爆发464. exploit[ksplt]v开发n功绩465. explore[kspl:(r)]v勘探,探测;探究466. routine[ru:ti:n]n常规a常规的467. approve[pru:v]v批准468. argue[ɑ:gju:]v争论；主张469. arouse[raz]v唤起470. arrest[rest]v逮捕，拘捕471. arrogant[rgnt]a傲慢的，自大的472. articulate[ɑ:tkjulet]a有关节的；发音清晰的473. artistic[ɑ:tstk]a艺术的474. descend[dsend]v下来,下降;遗传(指财产,气质,权利)475. transcend[trnsend]vt超出,超越(经验、知识、能力的范围)476. insult[nslt]vt/n侮辱,凌辱477. assert[s:t]v断言，声称478. assess[ses]v评估，评价479. asset[set]n资产480. similar[sml(r)]a(to)相似的,类似的481. eliminate[lmnet]vt除去;淘汰;排(删,消)除482. assist[sst]v协助483. resistant[rzstnt]a(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的484. associate[siet]v使发生联系485. assure[(r)]v保证486. insure[n(r)]vt保险,给…保险;保证487. detach[dtt]vt分开,分遣,派遣(军队)488. contain[knten]v包含；容忍；可被除尽489. content['kntent]n容量a(with)满足的490. entertain[entten]n事业,企(事)业单位;事业心491. maintain[menten]v维修,保养,维持492. obtain[bten]v获得,得到493. retain[rten]v保持,保留494. sustain[ssten]vt支撑;维持,经受495. attempt[tempt]v试图，尝试496. tempt[tempt]v诱惑,引诱;吸引497. exempt[gzempt]a免除的v免除498. attend[tend]v出席，参加；注意499. contend[kntend]v竞争,斗争;坚决主张500. airline[elan]n航线，航空公司501. alert[l:t]a警惕的502. alien[elin]a外国的，相异的503. allege[led]v宣称，断言504. linguistic[lgwstk]a语言的，语言学的505. alliance[lans]n结盟，同盟506. allowance[lans]n津贴，补贴；默许507. alter[:lt(r)]v变更508. amiable[emibl]a和蔼的509. amaze[mez]v使大吃一惊510. ambiguous[mbgjus]a模棱两可的，含糊的511. vague[veg]a不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的512. extravagant[kstrvgnt]a奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的513. amend[mend]v修改514. nuclear[nju:kli(r)]a核心的,中心的;原子核的515. nuisance[nju:sns]n讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事516. oblige[blad]v强迫;责成;(使)感激517. occupy[kjupa]v占用;占据;使忙碌518. odd[d]a奇数的;奇怪的;单只的519. odds[dz]n不平等,差异;机会520. upset[pset]v使…心烦意乱a难过的521. opponent[pnnt]n对手a对立的522. suppress[spres]v镇压;抑制,忍住523. stress[stres]n压力vt强调524. organic[:gnk]a器官的;有机的;有机体的525. paradox[prdks]n似非而是的话,自相矛盾的话,反论526. outrage[atred]n暴行v凌辱527. overall[vr:l]a全面的n(pl)(套头)工作服528. overseas[vsi:z]a外国的ad在海外529. overturn[vt:n]n倾覆v推翻530. palm[pɑ:m]n手掌vt与…握手,藏…于掌中531. parallel[prlel]a相同的n类似532. parcel[pɑ:sl]n包裹v打包533. pocket[pkt]n衣袋a袖珍的534. pattern[ptn]n模式;图案v仿制535. payment[pemnt]n支付536. peace[pi:s]n和平;平静,安宁537. pebble[pebl]n卵石538. specialize[spelaz]v(specialise)(in)专攻,专门研究,专业化539. specific[spsfk]a明确的,具体的;特定的540. specify[spesfa]v指定,详细说明541. permanent[p:mnnt]a永久的,持久的542. persuade[pswed]v说服,劝说;(of)使相信543. philosophy[flsfi]n哲学,哲理,人生观544. physical[fzkl]a物质的;身体的;物理的545. physician[fzn]n内科医生546. pilgrim[plgrm]n(在国外)旅游者;朝圣者,最初的移民547. plague[pleg]n瘟疫vt折磨548. political[pltkl]a政治的549. politician[pltn]n政治家,政客550. politics[pltks]n政治,政治学;政纲551. wonder[wnd(r)]n惊奇,v(at)想知道552. portray[p:tre]v描写，描述；画(人物、景象等)553. trait[tret]n特征,特点,特性554. potential[ptenl]a潜在的n潜能555. primary[pramri]a最初的,初级的;首要的556. prime[pram]a首要的n青春,全盛期557. prohibit[prhbt]v禁止,不准;阻止558. prone[prn]a倾向于,俯伏的,倾斜的559. prosper[prsp(r)]v成功,兴隆,昌盛560. protest[prtest]v/n主张,断言,抗议561. psychology[sakldi]n心理,心理学,心理状态562. purchase[p:ts]v买,购买n购买的物品563. inherit[nhert]vt继承(金钱等)，经遗传而得(性格、特征)564. hierarchy[harɑ:ki]n等级制度；统治集团，领导层565. hijack[hadk]v劫持，劫机，拦路抢劫566. honor['n(r)]n(honour)尊敬;荣誉v尊敬567. horizon[hrazn]n地平线;眼界,见识568. orient[:rient]n亚洲v为…定位569. original[rdnl]a最初的n原文570. originate[rdnet]v(in,from)起源;首创,创造571. ideology[adildi]n意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识572. illegal[li:gl]a不合法的,非法的573. legislation[ledslen]n法律(规)；立法，法律的制定(或通过)574. legitimate[ldtmt]a合法的vt使合法575. license[lasns]n(licence)许可证v准许,认可576. illusion[lu:n]n幻想，错误的观念；错觉，幻觉，假象577. illustrate[lstret]v举例说明,阐明;图解578. image[md]n形象；形象的描述，比喻579. imagine[mdn]v想象,设想,料想580. imitate[mtetv模仿,仿效;伪造581. imperative[mpertv]n命令a强制的582. indispensable[ndspensbl]a(to,for)必不可少的,必需的583. pension[penn]n养老金,年金584. indivial[ndvl]a个人的n个人,个体585. inferior[nfri(r)]a下等的n下级586. superior[su:pri(r)]a卓越的n上级587. prior[pra(r)]a优先的,在前的;(to)在…之前588. priority[prarti]n先,前;优先,重点589. initiative[ntv]a创始的n第一步590. innocent[nsnt]a(of)清白的,无罪的;单纯的591. innovation[nven]n改革，革新；新观念592. novel[nvl]n(长篇)小说a新奇的593. novelty[nvlti]n新奇,新颖,新奇的事物594. preside[przad]v(at,over)主持595. interpret[nt:prt]vt解释,说明;口译596. invalid[nvld]n伤残人a伤残的;无效的597. valid[vld]a有效的;有根据的;正当的598. prevail[prvel]v(over,against)取胜,占优势;流行599. variable[veribl]a可变的n变量600. variety[vrati]n种种,多种多样;种类601. various[veris]a各种各样的;不同的602. vary[veri]vt改变,变化;使多样化603. invent[nvent]v发明,创造;捏造604. journalist[d:nlst]n记者,新闻工作者605. justify[dstfa]v证明正当(或有理、正确)，为辩护606. senate[sent]n参议院,上院607. later[let(r)]ad后来,过后608. launch[l:nt]v发射n发射609. leading[li:d]a领导的,指导的;第一位的610. release[rli:s]v释放n释放611. reliance[rlans]n信任,信心,依靠612. religious[rlds]a宗教的,信教的,虔诚的613. liberal[lbrl]a慷慨的;富足的;自由的614. literacy[ltrsi]n有文化,有教养,有读写能力615. loyalty[llti]n忠诚,忠心616. magnificent[mgnfsnt]a华丽的,高尚的,宏伟的617. margin[mɑ:dn]n页边空白;边缘;余地618. mass[ms]n众多;(pl)群众;质量619. massive[msv]a厚实的,粗大的;大规模的620. optimistic[ptmstk]a乐观主义的621. pessimistic[pesmstk]a悲观(主义)的622. mechanism[meknzm]n机械装置,机构;机制623. metal[metl]n金属,金属制品624. miserable[mzrbl]a痛苦的,悲惨的625. misery[mzri]n痛苦,悲惨,不幸626. mobile[mbal]a可动的,活动的,运动的627. monopoly[mnpli]n垄断,专卖,专利权628. youngster[jst(r)]n小伙子，年轻人；少年629. moral[mrl]a道德(上)的n寓意,教育意义630. mount[mant]v登上n支架631. neat[ni:t]a整洁的,干净的,优美的632. nightmare[natme(r)]n恶梦；可怕的事物，无法摆脱的恐惧常见类型词1.经济：economic globalization（经济全球化）, sustainable development（可持续发展），unfair competition（不正当竞争），crack down on fake commodities （打假）， boom（繁荣）， fierce competition（激烈竞争）， credit crisis（信用危机）， stabilize prices （稳定物价），virtual economy（虚拟经济）2.文化： great and profound （博大精深的），integration and interaction（融合交汇），crash（碰撞），charming（极具魅力的），splendid（壮丽辉煌的），English fever（英语热） 　3.环保：environment- friendly（生态型的，环保的），threat of global warming（全球变暖的威胁）,　promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth（促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变），curb environmental pollution/ bring the pollution under control（治理环境污染），develop renewable resources （开发可再生资源），a low-carbon economy （低碳经济） 4.科技：science and technology（科学技术），web-addiction（沉迷网络）， computer crime（电脑犯罪）， e-commerce（电子商务）， virtual life （虚拟生活），information era（信息时代），cyber romance（网恋），surf the Internet（网上冲浪），因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)，artificial intelligence(人工智能）5.就业：applicant（申请人）， position available/ vacant position（空缺职位）， competent（能胜任的）, be qualified for（合格的）,　proficiency（熟练程度），job arrangement and benefit（工作待遇和福利）， promotion (晋升),　gender-biased（性别歧视的）， appearance-biased（相貌歧视的），提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 　6.大学生活/教育：cultivate（培养）， further one’s study （深造），quality ecation（素质教育），foster abilities（培养能力），relieve the burden on students（减轻学生负担），be occupied with so much schoolwork（忙于功课）place emphasis on（以…为重心），comprehensive（全面的，广泛的），practical capability（实际能力），ck-stuffing（填鸭式） 　　7.社会现象：enlightening（富有启发的），cause alarm and attention（引起了警惕和重视），set good example for（为…树立榜样），dedicate（做贡献）, take action （采取行动），ensure implementing activities（确保执行）， vulnerable（易诱惑的，易受影响的），be supposed to（应该） 　　8.人物特征、情感描写：strong-minded（坚强的），instrious（勤奋的）， promising（有前途的），dynamic（有生气的），responsible（有责任心的）, influential（有影响力的）， profound（渊博精深的），devoted（忠实的，投入的），warm-hearted（热心的）　

考研英语阅读理解词汇题，每年都会涉及到。那么，我们2020考研学子如何来攻克呢？接下来，北京文都考研网小编针对考研英语阅读理解词汇题解题思路，来给广大2020考研者详细告知下，内容供考生参考。Step 1：返回原文确定题干位置该步骤直接根据题干所给的段落、行等信息回原文精确定位，找到所考查词汇Step 2：根据上下文推测含义(通常即为前后句，若句子本身较为复杂，且包含相应的解释符号或是逻辑关系，则可以在句子内部解题)通常而言，词汇题所给词汇或者是超纲词，或者是简易词让考生猜测其引申义。所以，多数情况下从词汇本身难以解题，必须得“瞻前顾后”搜寻答案。但是搜寻答案有一定的章法可循，绝非胡找。考研文章中的逻辑关系无非两种：正和反，所以，词汇题的解题亦是如此，广大考生可以依据下述正反关系帮助自己解题。正：并列(并列连词and, or);解释(定义、定语从句、标点符号、同位语、因果关系);举例(for example; for instance)或列举(先总后分或先分后总)考研中常作为出题对象的标点符号及其用法如下：A. 冒号：其功能多为解释说明，起到高度概括且突出强调的作用；B. 破折号：破折号之间的内容多充当插入语，起解释说明作用，对于分解句子结构、理解句意有重要作用；C. 引号：引号通常表示引用他人观点，或者突出强调，或者反语。D. 问号：设问如果出现在第一段开头，往往是引出下文或者设问句本身就是中心思想句反：转折和否定(instead， in spite of ……)Step 3: 代入原文，确定答案利用原文中的正反关系得出答案后，广大考生还需要进行回头验证，确保自己的答案没有停留在词义的浅层，验证的时候可利用词语搭配来进行。考研英语阅读理解词汇题的难度不是很难，关键要脱离词本身或是句本身，循着上下文逻辑关系进行解题，所以代入验证这一步很是重要。以上是北京文都考研网给大家提供的词汇题的解题思路，希望大家可以勤思考，多练习，总结出适合自己的解题方法。

嗨，这里是小恬的第9篇文章。今天打算继续分享真题中阅读文本二、三的词汇和短语，尤其是较难掌握的部分。一、阅读2licence 执照，许可证monetary 金钱的（money 金钱）peer review 同行评议acquisition 采集profit margins 利润率desperate efforts 不顾一切的努力drastic 激烈的emergence 出现paywalled 收费的legitimacy 合法性，合理性charge sb fee 向某人收费cover the cost 支付成本subscription 订阅resemble 像，类似inflation 通货膨胀firm 公司免费做某事：do sth without monetary rewarddo sth for freerece 减少二、阅读3progressives 进步人士diversity 多样性通往……的道路： a path toa way tomandate 授权，任务，规定all too often 经常insincere 虚假的the privileged 特权阶层，特权人士bill 提案senator 参议员House 众议院speaker pro 议长tempore 临时的gender parity 两性均等board 董事会provide a case in point 举例来说，提一力证elite 精英impose 强迫，强制quota 配额，定额set aside 留出，拨出unconstitutional 违宪的interst 利益supreme 最高等的frown on 对……皱眉，不赞同prior 之前discrimination 歧视violate 侵害corporate 企业mirror 反映interference 干涉,干预share 份额，占有率pool 库存scoop up 捞起a variety of 各种irritate 激怒controversy 争议arbitrary 任意的，武断的tension 紧张局势

嗨，这里是小恬的第10篇文章。考研路上，我们一起修炼。今天分享一下真题阅读四、七选五中经常出现、较难掌握的词汇和短语。一、阅读4digital 数字，数码impose 征收（税款）multination 跨国公司platform 平台data 数据gross 总，总量revenue 收入outlet 出口await 等待go into effect 生效spark 引发，点燃representative 代表sanction 制裁，处罚unilateral 单向的，单方面的alphabet soup 代号语言（字母汤，含有许多符号、缩略语而复杂难懂）provision 条文，规定to name but a few 不一而足contemplate 考虑tax on 对……征税grant 赋予，授予share a view 一致认为keep up with 跟上consensus 共识reach a consensus 达成共识，达成一致a broad consensus 广泛共识raise question about 对……提出质疑follow suit 效仿cascade 瀑布a cascade of 一系列burdensome 负担重的levy 征费，征款impose a levy 征税curb 抑制trigger 扣动扳机，引发apt 容易的be apt to 很容易be likely to 很可能prompt 提示，促使redistribution 分配monopoly 垄断二、七选五fixaction 固定instinetively 直觉上antigonistic 敌对的hostility 敌意mutual 相互的complimentary 赞许的，问候的notion 概念hormone 荷尔蒙oxytocin 催产素autistic自闭症symptom 症状倾向于：tend tobe apt todominance 支配intimidation 恐吓adversarial 对抗性的，敌对的per second 每秒assemble 组装，集合perceive 感知，察觉score high 得分高neuroticism 神经质dimension 维度consciousness 知觉，意识short period of time 更短时间最后，跟大家分享一下最近发现的本子。里面有真题，旁边附有空格给大家分栏作翻译，很适合二刷三刷，还省去买几套真题的钱。感兴趣的同学可以试试哦，祝愿大家复习顺利。

上面是考研英语中历年考过超10次的词汇，最多的甚至达25次之多，所以童鞋们可以重点看看这些单词哦！ 人家反复在考，说明再考的机率还是很大的，所以一定要把上面的这些词汇做到没有一个生词。记单词这个事情是一个比较长期的过程，从你决定开始考研开始，要一直记单词到你考研初试之前，这也是考研英语最基础的一个过程。所以单词很重要，像这种常考词汇那就更不要说了，经常考你觉得之后再考的机率大不大？考研英语也是应试考试，所以是有规律的，童鞋们！搞起来啊！

考研单词分析：根据初中、高中、四级、六级、研究生五个等级为什么我背了那么多年单词，单词量还是这么少？考研单词难度怎么样？哪些单词考研试卷真题中出现的最多？考研单词在非考试情况下，日常使用频率怎么样？比如看期刊和英文小说我将考研单词分为初中、高中、四六级和研究生五个等级。直观感受上来说，初中单词最常用，也最容易记下来，对分数快速提升最有效，然后依次是高中、四六级、研究生，实际也是如此，下文将逐步分析。一、为什么我背了那么多年单词，单词量还是这么少？从纵向角度来看。市面上的单词书为了兼顾大部分人的需求，会把以前背过的单词也放入进来，使得一个本来就很熟悉的单词也被迫再看几遍。而且人本身就讨厌主动记忆难记的事物，会主动逃避没背过的单词，去背那些曾经背过的单词。是这样的评论区扣个1.举个典型例子，abandon这个单词最早是在高中出现的，但是无论是四六级考研，还是雅思托福，都能看到这个单词。大家戏称官方劝退，每次一背单词就是“放弃”，实在不是什么好的体验。不过大部分人，包括我自己还是会读一读或背一背。所以很多人虽然从小学一路背到考研，实际上大部分时间和注意力都是放在自己熟悉的单词上。从横向角度来看“三天打鱼，两天晒网”是背书最常见的一件事情必须承认的是，无论是大学以前的高考单词，还是现在的考研单词。它的数量对于基础较差的人来说，数量都是很不友好，很多。以我自己高中经历来说，我高一的时候准备半年把高中全部单词背完。计划也很明确，每天一百个单词，一个多月就能背一遍了。真实结果是，背了几天就因为各种原因断了进程，下一次继续背的时候又是从第一页开始背，一直这样循环往复。也就是说，背书没有持久且系统的计划时，会一直背着单词书的前几十页。从我和众多网友交流的经历来看，大部分人都是这样的。根据上面分析推导出的解决方法1、纵向来看，必须将单词按照熟悉程度分为几类，最简单明了的就是根据初中、高中、四六级、研究生这种类别了。2、横向来看，需要制定严格且有效的背单词计划2、考研单词难度怎么样？从单词等级角度：如下图我统计的考研考纲单词占比（考纲单词来源于考研官方发布的考纲）在所有考研单词中：初中单词1478个，占比27%高中单词1610个，占比29%四级单词1346个，占比25%六级单词842个，占比15%研究生单词203个，占比4%考研单词中初中和高中部分单词占比接近一半了，四六级总共占比40%，而真正的研究生等级单词才203个。也就是说，如果是一个一路认真准备高考、四六级的学生，考研单词基本没什么难度。想准备考研的大一大二学弟学妹们，也记得认真对待四六级考试。从单词本身背诵难度上来看：根据研究显示，大部分人瞬间能记住的无规则字母数量最多是6到7个。所以我这里按照单词长度来定义一个单词是否难背。字母数量超过6或者7的单词就是比较难背的了。首先是考研大纲单词中的初中单词，如下图所示：字母数4的数量最多，然后一路减少。1457个单词中，字母数超过7的仅仅只有两百个左右，所以可以判断初中单词是比较简单的。接下来继续看高中单词对照一下，下图是考研大纲单词中的高中单词，如下图所示：考研大纲中的高中单词总量是1610个，和初中单词数量差距不大但是高中单词明显出现了变化，字母数量最多的恰好是字母数6和字母数7,分别是276个和277个，只相差一个。高中单词从字母数7后也逐渐在减少，超过字母数7的的单词数量有500多个。这也很好解释了为什么很多人到高中后觉得单词总体变的更长更难记了。继续看四级单词，如下图所示：四级单词走势和高中单词差不多，但是超过字母数7的后半部分，下降明显更加平缓了四级单词总数是1346个，超过字母数7的单词数量恰好也是500多个。因为四级单词总数比高中少，超过的数量却差不多，也可以认定四级比高中部分又更难了一些。接下来是六级单词，如下图所示：六级单词是842个，从上图中可以看出，主要单词长度集中在6到9这个区间了。换句话说，单词大部分都是长度比较长的单词了。从实际体验来看也是这样，我第一次背六级单词的时候，就明显感觉到难度的增加了。最后是研究生单词了，如下图所示：研究生单词数量比较少，从图表上来看，字母难度介于四级和六级，这倒是挺意外的。难度总结：总的来说，从初中到考研，单词难度是一直增加的。所以如果准备从简单单词开始背的话，可以先背初中单词增加信心。考研考纲总共5500个单词，超过7个字母的单词总共1500个左右，这是很多人必须攻克的一个难关。所以，为了减少不必要的时间浪费，根据等级划分单词来进行背诵是最有效的方法。可以将自己背单词分为五个阶段第一阶段把初中最基本的单词背完，相当于英语扫盲的水平了。第二阶段把高中单词背完，至少能看懂大部分基础文章了。第三阶段把四级单词背完，这个阶段背完了，考研英语二考50-60分基本不是什么难题了。第四阶段把六级部分背完，恭喜你单词水平已经超过大部分人了。第五阶段把剩下的研究生单词背完，考研基本就只剩下超纲词不认识了。三、哪些单词考研试卷真题中出现的最多？上面的分析仅仅是考纲单词中，各等级单词的分布，真正试卷里又是怎么样的呢？会不会我背了所有考纲单词，却很多不考的呢？下面这张图是我以前统计的真题试卷中各等级单词所占比例，详情可以看我以前的分析文章。可以看出，单词等级比例基本和考纲单词中一致。所以出现的多依然是初高中和四六级这些单词。而且从我统计的历年真题单词和考纲对比中来看，基本所有考纲单词都是考过的，并不存在什么不考的单词，只能说哪些单词考的多，哪些考的少。四、考研单词在非考试情况下，日常使用频率怎么样？比如看期刊和英文小说上面的分析都是从官方资料角度分析的，也就是应试角度。那么从日常使用角度，考研单词中各部分单词使用情况又是怎么样呢？首先解释个概念，柯林斯分级词汇，以下解释来自于百度：《柯林斯》是1819年哈珀·柯林斯(Harper Collins)出版集团出版的图书。内含118000条词汇，220000条相关解释，这些词汇在图书、报纸、广播、电视、杂志、信函或演说中被使用过的例句，准确地表达出今天人们所使用的英语词汇的涵义。柯林斯从语料库中将单词在日常生活中的使用频率统计出来，按照频率的高低将单词分级，五星的就是日常生活中最常用的，星级越高越常用，依次类推。我根据柯林斯词表，统计了考研单词中各等级单词的日常使用频率，使用频率5的最常用，依次类推，使用频率1的相对最不常用。（实际上，即使是使用频率1的单词，在整个词库中也是常用的，所以这里写的是相对不常用）为了方便比较，我们将使用频率5、4、3的归为一类，认定为相对常用，2、1的归为一类认定为相对不常用。首先是考研单词中的中考单词：从上图可以看出，中考单词中，相对常用的单词占大部分，符合它这个等级所期待的功能。实际上也是这样，认识全部初中单词后，基本就能一些简答交流和看一些简单文章了。然后是高考单词：到了高中就有明显变化了，相对常用的只有一半多一点了。再看看四级单词：四级单词中，相对常用的已经不足百分之四十了，相对不常用超过了百分50.然后是六级单词：六级单词差距更加明显了，相对常用的仅仅百分之10，相对不常用的基本占据整个图表了。不出意外的话，研究生等级应该差距更加悬殊。最后是研究生单词：研究生单词相对常用的仅仅只有8%了。另外，在相对不常用的单词中，使用频率1的单词也超过了40%。从上面一路看下来，很明显，随着等级的提升，单词再日常使用中的频率也在降低。不常用的英文单词，通常翻译成中文后，这个中文在汉语中也不常用。从另一个角度来说，单词也是越来越难。所以无论是你为了考试还是以后日常英语交流，按照初中到研究生这个顺序是比较合适的。