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润滑油市场调查与分析

不知答也
幻想家
近年来,随着我国工程机械、电力、汽车、钢铁、船舶、机床行业的快速增长,装备技术的不断提升,我国润滑油需求量持续增长,已经成为全球第二大润滑油市场。需求量的增加也将推动润滑油市场竞争的升级。前瞻产业研究院发布的《2013-2017年中国润滑油行业市场需求预测与投资战略规划分析报告》显示,2002-2011年,我国润滑油消费量从409万吨增长到710万吨,年均增速为6.32%,是全球市场为数不多的一直保持增长的市场之一。2012年,受全球经济下滑的影响,国内润滑油需求下降,实际消费量较上年基本持平。我国润滑油市场在未来5年中仍将以每年5%左右的速度增长,预计到2015年,我国润滑油消费量有望超过800万吨;预计到2020年,我国的润滑油消费量会超过美国。近年来,随着我国工程机械、电力、汽车、钢铁、船舶、机床行业的快速增长,装备技术的不断提升,我国润滑油需求量持续增长,已经成为全球第二大润滑油市场。需求量的增加也将推动润滑油市场竞争的升级。前瞻产业研究院发布的《2013-2017年中国润滑油行业产销需求与投资预测分析报告》显示,2002-2011年,我国润滑油消费量从409万吨增长到710万吨,年均增速为6.32%,是全球市场为数不多的一直保持增长的市场之一。2012年,受全球经济下滑的影响,国内润滑油需求下降,实际消费量较上年基本持平。我国润滑油市场在未来5年中仍将以每年5%左右的速度增长,预计到2015年,我国润滑油消费量有望超过800万吨;预计到2020年,我国的润滑油消费量会超过美国。我这边也就这点数据,希望对你有所帮助

如何正确选择润滑油及油分析报告

待之成体
初音
机油,即发动机润滑油,被誉为汽车的“血液”,能对发动机起到润滑、清洁、冷却、密封、减磨、防锈、防蚀等作用。发动机是汽车的心脏,发动机内有许多相互摩擦运动的金属表面,这些部件运动速度快、环境差,工作温度可达400°C至600°C。在这样恶劣的工况下面,只有合格的润滑油才可降低发动机零件的磨损,延长使用寿命。 如何选择合适的机油是每个车主都应该了解的知识。根据机油类型。机油按类型区分,按其来源分传统矿物机油、合成机油、纳米陶瓷机油三类。传统机油还含有明显更大量的杂质,例如:硫、易起反应而不稳定的碳氢化合物,以及通过传统的原油精炼无法完全去除的其它无益的污染物。合成机油的润滑性比矿物机油高、摩擦阻力小、不容易氧化、清净性强。其缺点是低温流动性和耐热性较矿物机油差一些。纳米陶瓷机油就是在基础油中加入纳米陶瓷添加剂和其他添加剂复合而成,可广泛应用于车辆内燃机的润滑系统。越往后性能越好,当然价格相应的会越高。根据机油级别选择。API标准分类,以S开头,后面跟上字母E、F、G、H、G、L、M、N顺序越往后,质量等级越高,使用性能越好根据机油粘度选择。

润滑油行业未来的趋势是怎样的

辞其交游
浮之江湖
近年来,随着我国汽车、工程机械、电力、钢铁、机床行业的快速增长,装备技术的不断提升,我国润滑油需求量持续增长,已成为全球第二大润滑油市场。尽管中国润滑油消费量增长较快,但是人均消费量依然偏低,与发达国家还有明显差距,可见我国润滑油行业仍有较大增长潜力。早在2015年,中国润滑油企业就已经体会到了市场需求下滑带来的压力,未来几年,市场需求还会是进一步紧缩的趋势。投资咨询机构前瞻产业研究院估计,2020年时的市场需求将萎缩到690万吨,市场总值约260亿美元。可以预见,本土大企业未来将主攻有竞争力的中高端产品领域,并模仿跨国行业巨头,建立针对具体客户的一对一个性化销售策略和项目管理方案,而低端市场的空白则将由数量庞大的小企业加以弥补。此外,纯电商时代过去了,未来十年是新零售的时代,未来线上线下必须结合起来。结合润滑油产品本身的特殊性,“新零售”也将成为润滑油品牌渠道发展制胜的关键。

工业润滑油有哪些行业需求

天文
苍之茧
工业润滑油是基本是工厂有设备都会需要用到的,因为工业润滑油包含的范围很广,有金属加工液:切削液、冲压油、拉伸油、冲剪油、不锈钢拉丝油、电火花机油、防锈油等;设备油:液压油、齿轮油、导轨油、导热油、空压机油、循环油、压缩机油等;润滑脂等。所以是生产的工厂都会用到设备,设备一般都会需要用到油品的,所以涉及的行业很广。

润滑油市场很大,为什么生意却难做

三净
爱长城
这个一定要考察好,看看你的人际关系圈子怎么样,市场调研就是当地汽修厂主要销售的产品,价位,特色,然后这对这些进行你自己想代理的润滑油选择,你的关系够硬,你简简单单就可以赚钱,你没关系,就要辛苦了,另外还有根据目前的形式,以后养护品方面绝对是未来发展的趋势,你选择合作的企业要求有养护品,而且自己生产,有自己的科研团队,去厂家考察时一定要看实验室,这个才是一个润滑油企业的根本,我也是做代理的,我做的品牌有壳牌(经销商进货,不怎么推,也不赚钱的,目的跟汽修厂建联容易)、福斯(大牌子,但是也不好做,打算放弃了)、今年年初做了雅士(国产的),还可以,价格不是优势,质量好,按效果找大客户,我叫厂家的经理给你打电话,我是保定的,3个多月卖了150多万了,有时间可以来我这里参观。

废旧机油再生行业分析报告

山楂
不然
去百度文库,查看完整内容>内容来自用户:柏华美废旧机油再生行业分析报告废机油是指从各种机械﹑车辆﹑船舶更换下来的废润滑油。其产生过程是由于润滑油在使用过程中受外界污染产生大量胶质、氧化物从而降低乃至失去了其控制摩擦、减少磨损、冷却降温、密封隔离、减轻振动等功效而不得不更换。润滑油广泛用于汽车﹑船舶的发动机、变速器、齿轮和涡轮传动装置淬火、润滑,水箱及冷却系统,自动波箱,齿轮油(手动波箱用),刹车及离合系统,曲轴箱,电力系统的变压器和各种机械的传动部位等等,使用范围十分之广。所谓废机油,一是指机油在使用中混入了水分、灰尘、其他杂油和机件磨损产生的金属粉末等杂质;二是指机油逐渐变质,生成了有机酸、胶质和沥青状物质。废机油的再生品,就是用沉降、蒸馏、酸洗、碱洗、过滤等方法除去废旧机油里的杂质,然后经过裂解、蒸馏等程序最终得到的不同品质的产品。(1) 在废弃油品原料中加入特制催化剂,在中温下进行催化裂解,废弃油品和各种矿物油品均能达到裂解效果:(2) 裂解后得到的气体组分在固定床中进一步催化裂化,得到油品蒸汽;(3) 油品蒸汽进行分馏,分别收集汽油、柴油馏分;(4) 汽油、柴油馏分分别进行精制,从而得到高质量油品。国内废润滑油再生市场中的废润滑油主要有以下3种产品(一)工艺选择经过几套装置的实验,此工艺投资较低(主要设备投资部分设备自己改造,比如高温真空下循环泵是最难选择的,市场上高温泵真空则不能运行,高真空下能运行的泵则不耐

工业润滑油这个行业发展前景怎么样?

卡拉斯
我爱你
  工业设备只要运转就得用油用脂,所以市场的需求是源源不断。但是因为设备工况不同 如果油脂使用不当 不仅达不到润滑保护的效果反而会变本加厉的对设备造成损害 同时附着润滑油脂的高消耗 ,环境污染。时代发展 人们追求的高效率 高质量 衍生出了各种精密的工业设备,这些个设备 运转速度快 用工少 生产成本节约,但是无论是多么精密 多么高档的设备都需要养护检修让它时刻保持精密,保持运转正常,如果油脂使用不当,节约的生产成本却消耗在了检修 更换上。这样就违背了更换高档设备的初衷。  社会发展很快,各种针对性很强的润滑油脂都出现了,琳琅满目,但是批量生产的东西往往是针对了大部分类似应用工况来做的。没有多少能够绝对的适合,他们只能是尽可能的降低设备养护成本。而且如果长期使用同一款产品就可以得到这款产品到底能够减少多少养护成本。一直没有更好的解决办法,所以 用户 跟生产厂家 甚至经销商 都很被动。因为他们之间没有直接的联系。他们并不知道到底怎么样才是最好的,客户不知道生产厂家能否做出自己需要的产品,生产厂家也不知道自己生产的东西是否真的适合自己的客户,一家人都在求一个稳定,差不多的办法。这也是长期磨合的一种结果,但并不是很理想。  油脂的高端化已经成为一种趋势,新老设备更替却还要经历一个痛苦的蜕变期,剩下的是人的思想转变问题,现在处于蜕变期,过于超前 或者过于落后都不行,这个阶段有很多的经营者会毙掉 ,因为他们不合时宜。  你需要什么 我销售什么,这样不会再被动,但是在过程中一定要让客户跟我们都要了解 客户到底需要什么 这个过程就是引导最后的结果是 你需要什么 我给你做什么 你的问题 我来解决 这个长期的优化过程不经意中就节约了生产成本。同时也节约了能源 节约了劳动力。  设备润滑养护的发展趋势 如果归纳成一句话就是 : 节约。

哪个行业润滑油用得最多

而似无能
发电站

大家知道润滑油行业的专业术语吗?

催眠者
红苹果
Acid Number(AN) Milligrams Of KOH requirdd in tests tO neutralize all the acidic constituents present in a lg sample Of a petroleum proct.Also formally called the Neutralization Number,this property is often used tO indicate the extent of con-tamination or oxidation Of used oils.酸值(AN) 也称中和值,指中和1克油品试样中所有酸性物质所需氢氧化钾的毫克数。该性能指标通常用于表示已用过的油被污染和被氧化的程度。Additive Any material that is incorporated into a proct at relatively low concentration tO impart new properties Or enhanceexisting properties.添加剂 以相对较低的浓度加入某一产品中,从而赋予该产品某种新的性能,或者增强其现有性能的任何材料,均称为添加剂。Aniline point the minimum temperature for complete miscibility Of equal volumes Of aniline and the sample under test.Procts containing aromatics or naphthenes have lower anilinc points than procts containing paraffins.苯胺点 指相同体积的苯胺与试样达到完全混溶所需的最低温度。含有芳烃和环烷烃的产品比含有石蜡的产品的苯胺点相对要低。Antiwear(AW) Agent Additive that is active in preventing damage caused by occurrence Of solid phase welding between sliding surfaces without local surface melting.抗磨(AW)添加剂 相互滑动的表面因发生相互摩擦会造成损坏。抗磨添加剂就是能有效防止这类磨损,同时又不会令发生滑动的表面熔化的添加剂。APl Service Classification —A system Of letter designations agreed On by APl,SAE and AStM tO define broad classes Of engine service.Also a system Of service classifications for automotive gear lubricants.APl适用级别分类 由API、SAE和ASTM共同商定并使用的一套英文字母代号,用以确定发动机油的主要适用级别,以及汽车变速箱润滑油的适用级别。Aromatic A hydrocarbon derived from,or characterized by the presence of the benzene ring芳烃 由苯环衍生出的、或因含有苯环而具有其特性的烃化物。Bactericide Chemical compotmd which has the property of killing bacteria杀菌剂 具有杀死细菌作用的化合物。Base Number(BN) Quantity of hydrochloric(ASTM D974)or percldoric(ASTM D2896)acid expressed in mil ligrmns of KOH equivalent that is required to neutralize all the basic constituents of a l g sample of a petroleum proct.This property is uscd to indicate the capacity of an oil to counter the corrosive effects of acidic procts of combustion.碱值(BN) 中和存在于l克油品试样中全部碱组分所需要的盐酸(ASTM D974)或高氯酸(ASTM D2896)的数量,以相当的氢氧化钾毫克数表示。该性能用于表示油品抵抗酸性燃烧产物腐蚀作用的能力。Bright Stock Refined,high viscosity lubricating oil usually made from resial stocks by suitable treatment,such asa combination of acid treatment or solvent extraction with dewaxing or clay finishing.光亮油 通常由渣油经加工处理而制成的精炼、高粘度微个个润滑油。加工处理的方式包括:酸处理(或溶剂萃取)与脱蜡(或粘土精制)相结合。Carbon Resie Standardized test which measures the amount of carbon left behind after pyrolysis under standard conditions.残炭 用于在标准条件下,测定油品裂解后剩余碳量的标准化测试方法。Cleveland Open Cup(Oc)Tester Apparatus used to detemine the flash and fire points of most petroleum proctswith flash pemks above 79℃。克利夫兰开口杯(COC)测定器 用于测定闪点高于79℃的大多数油品闪点和燃点的装置。Cloud point Temperature at which a moticea ble cloud of crystals or other solid material appears when a sample is cooled ender prescribed conditions.浊点 在规定条件下,当油样冷却至产生明显雾状时的温度。(产生雾状是由于有晶体形成或其他固态物质生成)Complex Grease A lubdcating grease thickened by a complex soap consisting Of a normal soap and a comPlexmg agent.The use Of soap complexes gives procts which have higher dropping points than similar lubricants made from normal soaps.复合润滑脂 指用复合皂(即由普通皂与复合剂组成)进行稠化制成的润滑脂。使用复合皂制成的润滑脂与使用普通皂制成的同类润滑脂相比,具有更高的滴点。Defoamants(Foam lnhibitor) Additiveused used in lubricating oilst to assist the collapse Of surthce layers Of foam caused by agitation Of the release of entrained Or entrapped air.抗泡添加剂(泡沫抑制剂) 加入到油品中、并令其产生的气泡表层破裂的添加剂。(润滑油内部气泡的形成。或由于搅拌、或由于其本身所夹带或滞留的空气被释放出来。)Demulsibility Property of a lubricant tO separate from water.抗乳化性 指润滑油与水分离的能力。Density The mass Of liquid per unit Of volume Of substance at 15℃.密度 在15℃的温度条件下,单位体积的某种物质所具有的液体质量。Detergency Property Of a lubricating oil to rece or prevent deposits formed under high temperature conditions Or as a re-suit Of the action on the oil of acidic contaminants.清净性 指润滑油在高温条件下或在酸性污染物作用下,阻止或减少生成沉淀的能力。Dielectric Strength A measure Of the insulating value Of an electrical insulating medium.The value depends to some ex—tent on the test method used.0绝缘强度 指对一种电绝缘介质绝缘能力的量度。该数值在一定程度上取决于所使用的测量方法。Dispcmancy Property Of an oil to disperseand suspend potential deposit—forming materials sO that they Can be removed from the system when the oil is drained.分散性 油品所具有的分散和悬浮可能形成沉淀的物质、并在油品被抽出时将该物质带出系统的能力。Dropping point —The temperatuer at which the first drop Of liquid separates when a grease is heated under prescribed conditions.滴点 在规定条件下,将润滑脂加热至第一滴液体滴下时的温度。Emulsion Intimate mixture Of two Or more materials which are immiscible Or partially miscible with each other.In most emulsions, one material is aqueous and the other is an oil.乳化液 两种或两种以上互相不能溶混或仅能够部分溶混的物质所形成的完全混合物。Extreme Pressure(EP) Additive —Chemical compound imparting extreme pressure characteristics tO a lubricant with the objecfive Of recing wear under conditions where rubbing or sliding accompanies high contact pressures,as in heavily loaded gears,particulars Of the hypoid type.极压(EP)添加剂 在伴随着高接触压力的摩擦和滑动的情况下(如:在重载齿轮,特别是准双曲面型齿轮中),能够赋予润滑油抗极压性能,以达到减轻磨损目的的化合物。Film Srength Ability of a film Of lubricants tO resist rupture e tO load,speed and temperature.油膜强度 润滑油油膜抵抗因负荷、速度和温度而造成破裂的能力。Floc Point The lowest temperature at which vapors rising a sample will ignite momentarily On application Of a flame under specified conditions. 闪点 在规定条件下,油品加热后所逸出的蒸气与火焰接触发生瞬间闪火时的最低温度。Flash Point The temperature at which a flocculent collection Of wax crystals first appears when a solution Of freon in oil is cooled under prescribed conditions.絮凝点 在规定条件下,当把氟利昂的油溶液冷却到第一次出现蜡晶体的絮凝物时的温度。FZG Load Stage The load which can be transmitted by a pair of gears under the conditions Of test and temperature in the FZG gear machine.FZG 负荷试验 在FZG齿轮机器的测试条件和温度下,一对齿轮能够传递的负荷。KOH Chemical symbol fOr the alkdine Compound pstassium hydroxide.KOH 氢氧化钾碱性化合物的化学符号。Load Garrying capacity A quantitative term to describe the ability Of a lubricant tO resistr film rupture and protect agaimt wear and surface destruction under conditions of high speeds, high loads,high temperatures Or combinations Of these.承载能力 描述在高速度、高负荷、高温或这些因素同时作用的情况下,润滑油抵抗油膜破裂、抗磨损以及保护表面免受损坏的能力的定量参数。Load一wear index An index Of the abiliLy Of a lubricant tO prevent wear under applied loads as determined in the Four—Ball EP Tester.负荷 —磨损指数是衡量润滑油在四球极压试验中所施加的负荷下所表现出的抗磨能力的一项指数。M1L Prefix designation for U.S Military Specifications.MIL “美国军方标准”的英文词头缩写。Molybdenum Disulfide Chemical compound Of molybdenum and sulfur which has exceUent properties as a solid lubricant e to the type Of moleeular structure Of the particles.二硫化钼 钼和硫形成的化合物,由于其粒子的独特分子结构,因而成为性能卓越的固体润滑剂。Multigrade see Multiviscosity.多级别 见“多级粘度”。Multipurpose Grease A lubricating grease suitable fOr a variety Of applications such as chassis, wheel bearings, univer—sal joints and water pumps On automotive equipment.多用途润滑脂 指适合多种用途的润滑脂,如:车辆设备中的底盘、车轮轴承、万向节和水泵等的润滑。Multiviscosity An Oil that meets the low temperature viscosity limits Of one 0f the SAE W numbers as well as the 100℃ viscosity limits Of,the non—W numbers.多级粘度 既能达到SAE W前边的数字(如:5、10或15等)的低温粘度极限,同时又能达到SAE W后边的数字(如:30、40或50等)100粘度极限的油品。Naphthenic having the characteristics Of naphthense,which are saturated hydrocarbons containing molecules with at least one closed ring Of carbon atoms.环烷烃 具有环烷特性的、至少包含一个碳原子闭链的饱和烃。NLGI Classficat Numbers A series Of numbers used tO classify the consistency(hardlless)Of a grease, based On a standard ASTM cone penetration test.NLGI级数 根据ASTM针入度测试,用于划分润滑脂稠度(硬度)的——系列数字。NLGI Service Classification System A system Of letter designations to define class Of automotive chassis and wheel bear-ing greases.NLGI用途分类体系 用于定义机动车底盘和车轮轴承润滑脂分类的字母代号体系。Oxidation Stability Ability of alubricant to resist oxidation and deterion resulting from high temperatues and/or ex—posure to air.氧化稳定性 润滑油抵抗因高温和/或空气作用而氧化或变质的能力。Paraffinic Having the chametefisties()rparaffins,saturated hydroeartx,nsOfopen(,hatn structure.石蜡族 具有石蜡的特性、具开放式结构的饱和烃。Penetration Consistency,expressed as the distance that a stanthtrd needle or cone penetrates vertically into a sample of the material under prescribed conditions Of loading,time and temperature针(锥)入度 在规定的负荷、时间和温度等条件下,以标准化的针或锥垂直进入产品试样的深度来表示的稠度值。Pour point lowest temperature at which aliquid petroleum proct will flow when it is cooled under the conditions of the standant test methed.倾点 在标准测定方式所规定的条件下,液体石油产品在被降温的过程中能维持流动的最低温度。Pour Point Depressant An additive which lowers the pour pointroleum petroleum procts contmnlng wax by recing the tendency Of the wax tO collect into a solid mass.降凝剂 通过抑制石蜡聚集成固体物质的趋向,从而降低含有石蜡的石油产品之倾点的一种添加剂。Rust and Oxidation(R&O) Additives usd to enhance the rust and oxidation resistance Of oils and greases.锈蚀和氧化(R&O) 用于提高润滑油和润滑脂的防锈和抗氧化能力的添加剂。SAE Grade Grade indicating the viscocity range of a crankcase,transmission Of rear axle lubricant,according tO the sys—tems designed by SAE.SAE级别 按照SAE设定的体系,表明用于车辆曲轴箱、变速箱和后轴的润滑油粘度范围的级别。 (SAE为“美国汽车工程师协会”的英文词头缩写)。Shear Stability ability of a lubricant such a grease or VI improved Oil to withstand mechanical shearing without being degraded in conslstency or viscosity.剪切稳定性 润滑产品(如润滑脂或高粘度指数油品)抵抗机械搅拌而不发生稠度或粘度降低的能力。Soap General term for the“salt”of a fatty acid.Ordinary washing soaps are those Of sodium and potasstum.the soaps (of lithium,sodium,cadcium,barium and aluminum are the principal thickeners used in grease,making.皂基 对脂肪酸盐的一般性称呼。普通洗涤皂是脂肪酸的钠盐和钾盐。而锂、钠、钙、钡和铝皂,则是生产润滑脂所用的主要稠化剂。Solvent Neutral Oil(SNO) Base oil manufactured from solevt refined parafllnic lube distillates.溶剂中和油(SNO) 利用石蜡油蒸馏得到的溶剂而生产出来的基础油。Solevnt Refined A refining technique to improve the quality Of based oils using selective extraction Of undesirable compo-nents by means Of solvents.溶剂精制 —利用溶剂作为手段(利用溶剂方式?),有选择性地萃取不需要的组份,进而提高基础油质量的一种精制工艺。Spindle Oil Low viscosity oil intended for the lubricatio of high speed spindles such as those used in textile mills.锭子油 用于高速锭子(如纺织机械上的锭子)润滑的低粘度润滑油。Straight Mineral —Oils which do not contain compounds or“additives'’.纯矿物油 不含化合物或添加剂的油品。Salfated Ash Resie that remains aftera sample Of oil has been oxidized under prescribed conditions and the resulting resie resed to a constant weight by heating with sulfuric acid. Used as a measure Of the amount of metallo—organic ad-difivas present in new oils.in used oils the determination may be affected by the presence Of incombustible contaminants such as lead alkyls,st and wear metals.硫酸盐灰分 油品试样在规定条件下经氧化形成残渣,并与硫酸一起加热,直至残渣重量降低到恒定值,此时的残渣被称为硫酸盐灰分。硫酸盐灰分被作为一种测定新油品中金属有机物添加剂数量的方法。在用过的油品中,这种测定方法的精确度会由于有不燃烧污染物(如:铅的烷基化物、灰尘以及金属磨屑)的存在而受到影响。Thermal Stability The property Of alubricant which indicates its ability to resist cracking and decomposition on prolonged exposnre to elevated temperatures. 热稳定性 表明润滑油在长期高温环境中抵抗裂化和分解能力的指标。Thickener The solid particles which are unformly dispersed to form the structure Of a lubricating grease in which the liquid lubricant is held.增稠剂 指加入到润滑油中以形成润滑脂的固体颗粒物。这种固体颗粒物在润滑油中以未成形状态分散,形成润滑脂的结构,从而将液体润滑油容纳进这种结构中。 Timken OK Load Maximum loada lubricant will withstand without failure e to breakdown Of the lubricant film, as determined On the Timken EP Lubricant Tester.Timken OK负荷 在Timken EP测试仪上测定的,润滑油所能承受的、不会因油膜破裂而失效的最大负荷。Typical Test test results which are characteristics Of a proct,normally mean values obtained from analysis Of a number of proction batches Of that proct.典型测试 表明一种产品特性的试验结果,通常是对该产品的多个生产批次进行化验分析所得到的平均值。Viscosity Measure Of the resistance to flow,or intemal friction,Of a fluid.Viscosity changes with temporature so the temperature at which the measuremem was made must always be specked.运动粘度 表明一种流体抵抗流动或者说是内部摩擦的能力的度量值。运动粘度会随温度变化而变化,因此,在给出运动粘度的数值时,通常必须注明其测试温度。viscosity index(VI) An arbitary scale used to show the relative magnitude Of viscosity changes with temperature.Higher VI oils have less change in viscosity with temperature.粘度指数(VI) 表明粘度随温度变化相对程度的经验量值.粘度指数越高的油品,其粘度随温度的变化量就越小.Worked Penetration The penetration of a sample of lubricating grease immediately after it has been brought to 25℃and Worked 60strokes in the ASTM grease Worker.工作锥入度 在ASTM润滑脂工作机上,润滑脂样品在温度达到25℃并工作60冲次后立即测得的锥入度,即为工作锥入度Acid Number(AN) Milligrams Of KOH requirdd in tests tO neutralize all the acidic constituents present in a lg sample Of a petroleum proct.Also formally called the Neutralization Number,this property is often used tO indicate the extent of con-tamination or oxidation Of used oils. 酸值(AN) 也称中和值,指中和1克油品试样中所有酸性物质所需氢氧化钾的毫克数。该性能指标通常用于表示已用过的油被污染和被氧化的程度。 Additive Any material that is incorporated into a proct at relatively low concentration tO impart new properties Or enhanceexisting properties. 添加剂 以相对较低的浓度加入某一产品中,从而赋予该产品某种新的性能,或者增强其现有性能的任何材料,均称为添加剂。 Aniline point the minimum temperature for complete miscibility Of equal volumes Of aniline and the sample under test.Procts containing aromatics or naphthenes have lower anilinc points than procts containing paraffins. 苯胺点 指相同体积的苯胺与试样达到完全混溶所需的最低温度。含有芳烃和环烷烃的产品比含有石蜡的产品的苯胺点相对要低。 Antiwear(AW) Agent Additive that is active in preventing damage caused by occurrence Of solid phase welding between sliding surfaces without local surface melting. 抗磨(AW)添加剂 相互滑动的表面因发生相互摩擦会造成损坏。抗磨添加剂就是能有效防止这类磨损,同时又不会令发生滑动的表面熔化的添加剂。 APl Service Classification —A system Of letter designations agreed On by APl,SAE and AStM tO define broad classes Of engine service.Also a system Of service classifications for automotive gear lubricants. APl适用级别分类 由API、SAE和ASTM共同商定并使用的一套英文字母代号,用以确定发动机油的主要适用级别,以及汽车变速箱润滑油的适用级别。 Aromatic A hydrocarbon derived from,or characterized by the presence of the benzene ring 芳烃 由苯环衍生出的、或因含有苯环而具有其特性的烃化物。 Bactericide Chemical compotmd which has the property of killing bacteria 杀菌剂 具有杀死细菌作用的化合物。 Base Number(BN) Quantity of hydrochloric(ASTM D974)or percldoric(ASTM D2896)acid expressed in mil ligrmns of KOH equivalent that is required to neutralize all the basic constituents of a l g sample of a petroleum proct. This property is uscd to indicate the capacity of an oil to counter the corrosive effects of acidic procts of combustion. 碱值(BN) 中和存在于l克油品试样中全部碱组分所需要的盐酸(ASTM D974)或高氯酸(ASTM D2896)的数量,以相当的氢氧化钾毫克数表示。该性能用于表示油品抵抗酸性燃烧产物腐蚀作用的能力。 Bright Stock Refined,high viscosity lubricating oil usually made from resial stocks by suitable treatment,such asa combination of acid treatment or solvent extraction with dewaxing or clay finishing. 光亮油 通常由渣油经加工处理而制成的精炼、高粘度微个个润滑油。加工处理的方式包括:酸处理(或溶剂萃取)与脱蜡(或粘土精制)相结合。 Carbon Resie Standardized test which measures the amount of carbon left behind after pyrolysis under standard conditions. 残炭 用于在标准条件下,测定油品裂解后剩余碳量的标准化测试方法。 Cleveland Open Cup(Oc)Tester Apparatus used to detemine the flash and fire points of most petroleum proctswith flash pemks above 79℃。 克利夫兰开口杯(COC)测定器 用于测定闪点高于79℃的大多数油品闪点和燃点的装置。 Cloud point Temperature at which a moticea ble cloud of crystals or other solid material appears when a sample is cooled ender prescribed conditions. 浊点 在规定条件下,当油样冷却至产生明显雾状时的温度。(产生雾状是由于有晶体形成或其他固态物质生成) Complex Grease A lubdcating grease thickened by a complex soap consisting Of a normal soap and a comPlexmg agent. The use Of soap complexes gives procts which have higher dropping points than similar lubricants made from normal soaps. 复合润滑脂 指用复合皂(即由普通皂与复合剂组成)进行稠化制成的润滑脂。使用复合皂制成的润滑脂与使用普通皂制成的同类润滑脂相比,具有更高的滴点。 Defoamants(Foam lnhibitor) Additiveused used in lubricating oilst to assist the collapse Of surthce layers Of foam caused by agitation Of the release of entrained Or entrapped air. 抗泡添加剂(泡沫抑制剂) 加入到油品中、并令其产生的气泡表层破裂的添加剂。(润滑油内部气泡的形成。或由于搅拌、或由于其本身所夹带或滞留的空气被释放出来。) Demulsibility Property of a lubricant tO separate from water. 抗乳化性 指润滑油与水分离的能力。 Density The mass Of liquid per unit Of volume Of substance at 15℃. 密度 在15℃的温度条件下,单位体积的某种物质所具有的液体质量。 Detergency Property Of a lubricating oil to rece or prevent deposits formed under high temperature conditions Or as a re-suit Of the action on the oil of acidic contaminants. 清净性 指润滑油在高温条件下或在酸性污染物作用下,阻止或减少生成沉淀的能力。 Dielectric Strength A measure Of the insulating value Of an electrical insulating medium.The value depends to some ex—tent on the test method used.0 绝缘强度 指对一种电绝缘介质绝缘能力的量度。该数值在一定程度上取决于所使用的测量方法。 Dispcmancy Property Of an oil to disperseand suspend potential deposit—forming materials sO that they Can be removed from the system when the oil is drained. 分散性 油品所具有的分散和悬浮可能形成沉淀的物质、并在油品被抽出时将该物质带出系统的能力。 Dropping point —The temperatuer at which the first drop Of liquid separates when a grease is heated under prescribed conditions. 滴点 在规定条件下,将润滑脂加热至第一滴液体滴下时的温度。 Emulsion Intimate mixture Of two Or more materials which are immiscible Or partially miscible with each other.In most emulsions, one material is aqueous and the other is an oil. 乳化液 两种或两种以上互相不能溶混或仅能够部分溶混的物质所形成的完全混合物。 Extreme Pressure(EP) Additive —Chemical compound imparting extreme pressure characteristics tO a lubricant with the objecfive Of recing wear under conditions where rubbing or sliding accompanies high contact pressures,as in heavily loaded gears,particulars Of the hypoid type. 极压(EP)添加剂 在伴随着高接触压力的摩擦和滑动的情况下(如:在重载齿轮,特别是准双曲面型齿轮中),能够赋予润滑油抗极压性能,以达到减轻磨损目的的化合物。 Film Srength Ability of a film Of lubricants tO resist rupture e tO load,speed and temperature. 油膜强度 润滑油油膜抵抗因负荷、速度和温度而造成破裂的能力。 Floc Point The lowest temperature at which vapors rising a sample will ignite momentarily On application Of a flame under specified conditions. 闪点 在规定条件下,油品加热后所逸出的蒸气与火焰接触发生瞬间闪火时的最低温度。 Flash Point The temperature at which a flocculent collection Of wax crystals first appears when a solution Of freon in oil is cooled under prescribed conditions. 絮凝点 在规定条件下,当把氟利昂的油溶液冷却到第一次出现蜡晶体的絮凝物时的温度。 FZG Load Stage The load which can be transmitted by a pair of gears under the conditions Of test and temperature in the FZG gear machine. FZG 负荷试验 在FZG齿轮机器的测试条件和温度下,一对齿轮能够传递的负荷。 KOH Chemical symbol fOr the alkdine Compound pstassium hydroxide. KOH 氢氧化钾碱性化合物的化学符号。 Load Garrying capacity A quantitative term to describe the ability Of a lubricant tO resistr film rupture and protect agaimt wear and surface destruction under conditions of high speeds, high loads,high temperatures Or combinations Of these. 承载能力 描述在高速度、高负荷、高温或这些因素同时作用的情况下,润滑油抵抗油膜破裂、抗磨损以及保护表面免受损坏的能力的定量参数。 Load一wear index An index Of the abiliLy Of a lubricant tO prevent wear under applied loads as determined in the Four—Ball EP Tester. 负荷 —磨损指数是衡量润滑油在四球极压试验中所施加的负荷下所表现出的抗磨能力的一项指数。 M1L Prefix designation for U.S Military Specifications. MIL “美国军方标准”的英文词头缩写。 Molybdenum Disulfide Chemical compound Of molybdenum and sulfur which has exceUent properties as a solid lubricant e to the type Of moleeular structure Of the particles. 二硫化钼 钼和硫形成的化合物,由于其粒子的独特分子结构,因而成为性能卓越的固体润滑剂。 Multigrade see Multiviscosity. 多级别 见“多级粘度”。 Multipurpose Grease A lubricating grease suitable fOr a variety Of applications such as chassis, wheel bearings, univer—sal joints and water pumps On automotive equipment. 多用途润滑脂 指适合多种用途的润滑脂,如:车辆设备中的底盘、车轮轴承、万向节和水泵等的润滑。 Multiviscosity An Oil that meets the low temperature viscosity limits Of one 0f the SAE W numbers as well as the 100℃ viscosity limits Of,the non—W numbers. 多级粘度 既能达到SAE W前边的数字(如:5、10或15等)的低温粘度极限,同时又能达到SAE W后边的数字(如:30、40或50等)100粘度极限的油品。 Naphthenic having the characteristics Of naphthense,which are saturated hydrocarbons containing molecules with at least one closed ring Of carbon atoms. 环烷烃 具有环烷特性的、至少包含一个碳原子闭链的饱和烃。 NLGI Classficat Numbers A series Of numbers used tO classify the consistency(hardlless)Of a grease, based On a standard ASTM cone penetration test. NLGI级数 根据ASTM针入度测试,用于划分润滑脂稠度(硬度)的——系列数字。 NLGI Service Classification System A system Of letter designations to define class Of automotive chassis and wheel bear-ing greases. NLGI用途分类体系 用于定义机动车底盘和车轮轴承润滑脂分类的字母代号体系。 Oxidation Stability Ability of alubricant to resist oxidation and deterion resulting from high temperatues and/or ex—posure to air. 氧化稳定性 润滑油抵抗因高温和/或空气作用而氧化或变质的能力。 Paraffinic Having the chametefisties()rparaffins,saturated hydroeartx,nsOfopen(,hatn structure. 石蜡族 具有石蜡的特性、具开放式结构的饱和烃。 Penetration Consistency,expressed as the distance that a stanthtrd needle or cone penetrates vertically into a sample of the material under prescribed conditions Of loading,time and temperature 针(锥)入度 在规定的负荷、时间和温度等条件下,以标准化的针或锥垂直进入产品试样的深度来表示的稠度值。 Pour point lowest temperature at which aliquid petroleum proct will flow when it is cooled under the conditions of the standant test methed. 倾点 在标准测定方式所规定的条件下,液体石油产品在被降温的过程中能维持流动的最低温度。 Pour Point Depressant An additive which lowers the pour pointroleum petroleum procts contmnlng wax by recing the tendency Of the wax tO collect into a solid mass. 降凝剂 通过抑制石蜡聚集成固体物质的趋向,从而降低含有石蜡的石油产品之倾点的一种添加剂。 Rust and Oxidation(R&O) Additives usd to enhance the rust and oxidation resistance Of oils and greases. 锈蚀和氧化(R&O) 用于提高润滑油和润滑脂的防锈和抗氧化能力的添加剂。 SAE Grade Grade indicating the viscocity range of a crankcase,transmission Of rear axle lubricant,according tO the sys—tems designed by SAE. SAE级别 按照SAE设定的体系,表明用于车辆曲轴箱、变速箱和后轴的润滑油粘度范围的级别。 (SAE 为“美国汽车工程师协会”的英文词头缩写)。 Shear Stability ability of a lubricant such a grease or VI improved Oil to withstand mechanical shearing without being degraded in conslstency or viscosity. 剪切稳定性 润滑产品(如润滑脂或高粘度指数油品)抵抗机械搅拌而不发生稠度或粘度降低的能力。 Soap General term for the“salt”of a fatty acid.Ordinary washing soaps are those Of sodium and potasstum.the soaps (of lithium,sodium,cadcium,barium and aluminum are the principal thickeners used in grease,making. 皂基 对脂肪酸盐的一般性称呼。普通洗涤皂是脂肪酸的钠盐和钾盐。而锂、钠、钙、钡和铝皂,则是生产润滑脂所用的主要稠化剂。 Solvent Neutral Oil(SNO) Base oil manufactured from solevt refined parafllnic lube distillates. 溶剂中和油(SNO) 利用石蜡油蒸馏得到的溶剂而生产出来的基础油。 Solevnt Refined A refining technique to improve the quality Of based oils using selective extraction Of undesirable compo-nents by means Of solvents. 溶剂精制 —利用溶剂作为手段(利用溶剂方式?),有选择性地萃取不需要的组份,进而提高基础油质量的一种精制工艺。 Spindle Oil Low viscosity oil intended for the lubricatio of high speed spindles such as those used in textile mills. 锭子油 用于高速锭子(如纺织机械上的锭子)润滑的低粘度润滑油。 Straight Mineral —Oils which do not contain compounds or“additives'’. 纯矿物油 不含化合物或添加剂的油品。 Salfated Ash Resie that remains aftera sample Of oil has been oxidized under prescribed conditions and the resulting resie resed to a constant weight by heating with sulfuric acid. Used as a measure Of the amount of metallo—organic ad-difivas present in new oils.in used oils the determination may be affected by the presence Of incombustible contaminants such as lead alkyls,st and wear metals. 硫酸盐灰分 油品试样在规定条件下经氧化形成残渣,并与硫酸一起加热,直至残渣重量降低到恒定值,此时的残渣被称为硫酸盐灰分。硫酸盐灰分被作为一种测定新油品中金属有机物添加剂数量的方法。在用过的油品中,这种测定方法的精确度会由于有不燃烧污染物(如:铅的烷基化物、灰尘以及金属磨屑)的存在而受到影响。 Thermal Stability The property Of alubricant which indicates its ability to resist cracking and decomposition on prolonged exposnre to elevated temperatures. 热稳定性 表明润滑油在长期高温环境中抵抗裂化和分解能力的指标。 Thickener The solid particles which are unformly dispersed to form the structure Of a lubricating grease in which the liquid lubricant is held. 增稠剂 指加入到润滑油中以形成润滑脂的固体颗粒物。这种固体颗粒物在润滑油中以未成形状态分散,形成润滑脂的结构,从而将液体润滑油容纳进这种结构中。 Timken OK Load Maximum loada lubricant will withstand without failure e to breakdown Of the lubricant film, as determined On the Timken EP Lubricant Tester. Timken OK负荷 在Timken EP测试仪上测定的,润滑油所能承受的、不会因油膜破裂而失效的最大负荷。 Typical Test test results which are characteristics Of a proct,normally mean values obtained from analysis Of a number of proction batches Of that proct. 典型测试 表明一种产品特性的试验结果,通常是对该产品的多个生产批次进行化验分析所得到的平均值。 Viscosity Measure Of the resistance to flow,or intemal friction,Of a fluid.Viscosity changes with temporature so the temperature at which the measuremem was made must always be specked. 运动粘度 表明一种流体抵抗流动或者说是内部摩擦的能力的度量值。运动粘度会随温度变化而变化,因此,在给出运动粘度的数值时,通常必须注明其测试温度。 viscosity index(VI) An arbitary scale used to show the relative magnitude Of viscosity changes with temperature.Higher VI oils have less change in viscosity with temperature. 粘度指数(VI) 表明粘度随温度变化相对程度的经验量值.粘度指数越高的油品,其粘度随温度的变化量就越小. Worked Penetration The penetration of a sample of lubricating grease immediately after it has been brought to 25℃and Worked 60strokes in the ASTM grease Worker. 工作锥入度 在ASTM润滑脂工作机上,润滑脂样品在温度达到25℃并工作60冲次后立即测得的锥入度,即为工作锥入度