2017年环境化学专业课考研测试题及答案(3)

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一、单项选择题1.大脑皮层上的枕叶是()中枢A.听觉B.视觉C.言语D.感觉运动2.当铃声由中性刺激物转化为食物的信号刺激，意味着动物建立了()A.反射B.反射弧

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相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Manyprofessionsareassociatedwithaparticularstereotype.The1imageofawriter,forinstance,is2aslightlyeasy-lookingperson,lockedinanattic,writing3furiouslyfordays4.Naturally,hehashisfavoritepenandnote-paper,orabeat-uptypewriter,5whichhecouldnotproceareadableword.Nowadays,weknowthatsuchimages6littleresemblancetoreality.Butarethey7false?Inthecaseofatleastonewriter,itwouldseemnotDameMurielSpark,who880inFebruary,inmanywaysresemblesthisstereotypicalsitter.Sheiscertainlynotcrazy,andshedoesn'tworkinanattic.Butsheisrather9aboutthetoolsofher10.She11writingwithacertaintypeofpeninacertaintypeofnotebook,whichshebuysfromacertain12inEdinburghcalledJamesThin.Infact,so13isshethat,ifsomeoneusesoneofherpens14,sheimmediatelythrowsitaway.Andsheclaimsshewouldhaveenormousdifficultywritinginanynotebook15thosesoldbyJamesThin.Thiscouldsoonbeaproblem,astheshopnolonger16them,andDameMuriel's17of72-pagespiralboundisnearlyfinished.Aswellasher18aboutwritingmaterials,MurielSpark19oneothercharacteristicwiththestereotypicalwriter：herworkisthemostimportantthinginherlife.Ithasstoppedherfrommarrying;20_heroldfriendsandmadehernewones,anddrivenherfromLondontoNewYorktoRome.TodayshelivesintheItalianprovinceofTuscanywithafriend.1.[A]historic[B]antique[C]senior[D]classic2.[A]in[B]of[C]with[D]for3.[A]away[B]off[C]on[D]down4.[A]onfinish[B]onfinal[C]onend[D]onstop5.[A]except[B]without[C]beyond[D]on6.[A]bear[B]stand[C]hold[D]keep7.[A]extremely[B]thoroughly[C]likely[D]com??pletely8.[A]observed[B]entered[C]saw[D]turned9.[A]particular[B]specific[C]peculiar[D]special10.[A]business[B]trade[C]vocation[D]career11.[A]persistsin[B]insistson[C]keepson[D]inlgesin12.[A]grocer[B]chemist[C]stationer[D]baker13.[A]mysterious[B]conventional[C]superstitious[D]traditional14.[A]byfortune[B]byaccident[C]onpurpose[D]bycoincidence15.[A]muchas[B]ratherthan[C]suchas[D]otherthan16.[A]piles[B]stores[C]stocks[D]conceals17.[A]supply[B]provision[C]supplement[D]addition18.[A]devotion[B]preoccupation[C]worship[D]obsession19.[A]shares[B]agrees[C]sides[D]possesses20.[A]spent[B]cost[C]exhausted[D]tiredSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1ForthousandsofCanadians,badserviceisneithermake-believenoramusing.Itisanaggra??vatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.Acrossthecountry,betterbusinessbureausreportalengtheninglitany,ofcomplaintsaboutcontractors,cardealers,andrepairshops,movingcompanies,airlinesanddepartmentstores.Thereisalmostanadversarialfeelingbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.Expertssaythereareseveralexplanationsforillfeelinginthemarketplace.Oneisthatcus??tomerservicewasanearlyandinevitablecasualtywhenretailersrespondedtobrutalcompetitionbyreplacingemployeeswithtechnologysuchas1~800numbersandvoicemail.Anotherfactoristhatbusinessgenerallyhasbegunplacingmoreemphasisongettingcustomersthanonkeepingthem.Stillanotheristhatstrident,frustratedandimpatientshoppersvexshopownersandmakethemevenlesshospitable—especiallyabusiertimesoftheyearlikeChristmas.Onbothsides,simplecourtesyhasgonebytheboard.Andforamultitudeofconsumers,servicewentwithit.TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.Peoplecomplainaboutbeinginsulted,havingtheirintelligenceandintegrityquestioned,andbeingthreatened.OnewillhearaboutpeoplebeinghauledalmostbodilyoutthedoorbysomebodysayingthingslikeIdon'thavetoserveyou!orthisisprivateproperty,getoutanddon'tcomeback!Whatcancustomersdo?Ifthebureau'sarbitrationprocessfailstosettleadispute,acustomer’sonlyre??courseistosueincallclaimscourt.Butbecauseofthecostsandtimeittakes,relativelyfeweverdo.Thereisalotofsupportforthenotionthatservicehas,inpart,fallenvictimtogenerationalchange.Manyyoungpeopleregardretailingasjustabead-endjobthatyou'rejustgoingtodotemporarilyonyourwaytoarealjob.Youngclerksoftenlackbothknowledgeandcivility.Employershavetotrainyoungpeopleinsimplemannersbecausethatisnotbeingdoneathome.Salespeopletoday,especiallytheyoungerones,havegrownupinatelevision-computersocietywherethey’veinteractedlargelywithmachines.Oneofthebiggestcomplaintsfrombusinessesaboutgraatesisthelackofinter-personalskills.Whatcustomersreallywantisaccess.Theywanttogetthroughwhentheycall,theydon'twantbusysignals,theydon'twantinteractivesystemstellingthemtoposhoneforthisandtwoforthat—theydon'twantvoicemail.Andifcustomersdonotgetwhattheywant,theydefect.Somepeoplegobacktolocalsmallbusinesses：theAsiangreengrocer,aGreekbakerandaGreekfishmonger.Theydon'twearnametags,butonegetstoknowthem,allbyname.21.Atabusinessplaceofbadservice,theworstonecangetis__________[A]indifferenceandrudeness[B]nakedhostilityandphysicalviolence[C]havingintelligenceandintegrityquestioned[D]beinginsultedandthreatened22.Oneofthereasonsforsuchillfeelinginthemarketplaceisthat[A]shoppersareusuallystrident,frustratedandimpatient[B]shoppersoftentakebusinessestocourttosettlethem[C]businessesusenewtechnologyinsteadofemployees[D]businessesarekeenonkeepingcustomers,notgettingthem23.WhathaschangedatVancouverBetterServiceBureauinthepastfiveyears?[A]Moreeffective.[B]Lessbureaucracy.[C]Morebusiness.[D]Betterstaff.24.Youngclerksoftenlackinterpersonalskillschieflybecausethey_______________.[A]areskilledindealingwithmachinesnotpeople[B]arenottrainedinsimplemannersathome[C]fallvictimstogenerationalchange[D]takeretailingtobeatemporaryjob25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsbusinessesandbadserviceis_______________them.[A]attacking[B]understanding[C]regretting[D]warningText2TheUnitedStatesistheUnitedNations'biggestdeadbeat.ConservativesinCongress,ledbySenatorJessieHelms,stoppedWashingtonfrompayingitsesuntiltheUNreceditsas??sessmentandmadeotherchanges.Now,thankstothehardworkRichardHolbrook,America’sUNrepresentative,andforpeacekeeping.Mr.Helms,whohaspraisedthedeal,shouldreleasetheeshehasbeenholdinghostage—$582millionofthe$1.3billiontheUNsaysitisowed.ThenewformulawouldrecetheUScontributiontothegeneralUNbudgetto22percentfromthecurrentlevelof25percent—asymbolicdifferenceofonly$34millionayear.Washing??ton,whichhasbeenpayingjustover30percentofthepeacekeepingbudget,wouldnowpay27percent—adifferenceof$80millionto$120millionayear—andthatpercentagewilldropfur??ther.Whilepoorcountrieswouldnotpaymore,theesofotherwealthynationswouldriseun??derthenewsystem.TheagreementwouldprobablynothavebeenreachedwithouttheinterventionofthemediamagnateTedTurner,whoisalreadycontributing$1billiontoUNprogramsover10years.Mr.Turnergave$34milliontocovertheone-yeargapringwhichothernationspreparetoraisetheircontributions.HisoffershouldembarrassCongress,whichforceddiplomatstowastetheirinfluenceattheUNinmonthsofnegotiationstosaveasumthatismodestbyfederalbudgetstan??dards.USdebtsrecedtheUN'sabilitytoreimbursenationsthatcontributedpeacekeeperstoUNmissionsworldwide.Pakistan,Bangladesh,JordanandotherpoorcountriesessentiallymadeupfortheabsenceofUSfinancialsupport.SinceWashingtonbenefitsfrompeacekeepers,whichdampdownconflictswithoutUStroops,Itshouldnotbediscouragingnationsfromsendingthem.Washington'snaturalalliesattheUNwereconcernedthattheUSwantedinfluencewithoutmeetingitstreatyobligations.SomeofthemwithheldsupportforUSproposals.Mr.Helmsshouldalsoendhisholdonanadditional$244millioninbackes,whosereleasehehasconditionedonarectioninUSesforspecializedUNagenciessuchasUNICEFandtheUNrefugeeorganization.Theseagenciesneedfullsupport.SwitchbyMr.Helmswouldhelpthein??comingBushadministration,whichwouldreapthebenefitsoftherestorationofAmerica’sfullin??fluenceattheUnitedNations.26.SenatorJessieHelmsstoppedtheUSgovernmentfrompayingitsestotheUNbecausehewants.[A]othercountriestopayasmuchastheUS[B]Washingtontomakeassessmentsandchanges[C]theUN'sgeneralbudgettobetrimmed,[D]theUStoshareasmallerpartoftheburden27.ThenewformulahasadjustedtheassessmentandwillsavetheUSgovernmentatleastayear.[A]$114million[B]$154million[C]$200million[D]$234million28.Afterthebudgetreassessment,thegapleftbytheUSwillbecoveredby______________.[A]TedTurner[B]peacekeepingcountries[C]allmembernations[D]otherwealthynations29.TheauthorbelievesthatRichardHolbrook'snegotiationsattheUNwere______________.[A]Amoney-savingsuccess[B]Aneye-catchingembarrassment[C]AwasteofUSinfluence[D]AdefenseofUSinterest30.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat_____________.[A]TheUScontributiontotheUNhasbecomeahugeburdentoWashington[B]ThenewformulahasnotsolvedallproblemsconcerningtheUSes[C]ThedisputeovertheUSeshasbeendeliberatelymadepolitical[D]Tedturner'sinterventionsavedtheUSadiplomaticdisasterText3Withitsclusterofhigh-risesknownastheFrankfurterManhattan,itsbigbanksanditsbustlingairport,thisisatownwithpretensions.PetraRoth,themayor,seesitasaglobalcityprovidinghubfunctionsfortheContinent,aplacethatshouldbeascosmopolitanasNewYork.Frankfurtisnotjustthecityofforeigncompanies,butitisalsohometo8000Muslims,mostofthemTurksofmodestmeans.Foreigners,includingalargecontingentfromtheformerYugoslavia,makeup30percentofthepopulation;oneofthehighestratiosforanycityinEuropetroubledbyimmigration.Butthereisnobloodonthestreets.QuietlyflowstheMainRiverbe??neaththatmock-NewWorldskyline.AsGermanygoesthesedays,sogoesEurope.AndifFrankfurt,theheadquartersforEurope'snewCentralBankandsothecapitalofEurope'snascentsharedcurrency,theeuro,iscomfortablebeingapart-Muslimcitywith27mosques,perhapstheso-calledNewEuropeofonemoneyandblurredborderscanbeamoretolerantplace.XenophobiaisveryunusualinFrankfurt,SAIDFrancescoRenaldo,anItalianbanker.Perhapsit'sthe300foreignbanks,orthevastairport,orthelongAmericanpresence.Notuntil1994did30000Americantroopspackupandgohome—theColdWarendedand,sopeopleheresay,thecityshapedinthesoldiers’open,can-dospirit.Butevenhere,attheheartofAmerican-influencedEurope,farfromthestrainedpsycheofaformerEastGermancitylikeEsau,whererightiststhisyearkilledanAfricanimmigrant,theghostofxenophobiaisnotentirelyabsent.ForFrankfurt—likeGermany,likeEurope—isstrug??glingtodefineashiftingidentity.AsthedepartedUSsoldierssuggest,thiscityisnolongerpartofaColdWarcountrylivingwhatSaferSeneca,aGermanintellectualofTurkishdescent,hascalledaquasia-nationalexis??tenceundertheumbrellaoftheWest.Farfromit,thisisnowthefinancialcenterofastrongGermanyseekingtodefineandexpressanewnationalpride.ButFrankfurtisalsothecapitalofauniqueexperimentinabolishingthenation-statethroughthevoluntaryabandonmentofsovereigntyinvolvedingivingupnationalcontrolofmonetarypoli??cyandadoptingacommoncurrency.SotheContinent'slargeststate,onrebornonlyin1990,yetalsoonethatisbeingabolished,veers,thiswayandthatinitsmood,oneminutenostalgicforaproudFatherland,thenextinthevanguardofwhatForeignMinisterJoshuaFischer,himselfachildofFrankfurt,callsapost-nationalera.31.FrankfurtisreferredtoasaglobalcitylikeNewYorkbecauseof______________[A]theforeignbanksandbusinesses[B]thenumberofforeignersinthecity[C]the80,000Muslimsandmosques[D]therefugeesfromformerYugoslavia32.QuietlyflowstheMainRiverbeneaththatmock-NewWorldskylineprobablymeansthat.[A]Thenewcentralbankhadalargeinflowoffunds[B]Thecitylifegoesonquietlywithoutracialconflicts[C]Thepopulationmovesquietlyinthestreetofthecity[D]Theforeignerscometothecitylikeaflowofriver33.Thewordxenophobiaprobablymeans____________.[A]fearofwar[B]psychologicalnervousness[C]hatredofforeigners[D]open,can-dospirit34.WiththeendoftheColdWar,Germanyisexpectedto_____________.[A]remainundertheumbrellaoftheUS[B]assumeanewnationalpride[C]becomethefinancialcenterofEurope[D]havesurgesofrightistkillings35.TheuniqueexperimentofEuropeanUnionrequiresGermanyto_____________.[A]enterapost-nationalera[B]returntotheoldproudFatherland[C]abandonsovereigntyandgovernment[D]seekashiftingidentity模拟试题答案：1-20DBACBADDABBCCBDCADAB21-40BCCADDADCBABCBA

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