2018考研心理学冲刺自测题及答案（8）

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相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。2.试卷后面附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceontheanswersheet.(20points)1.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide_____opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessfulgroupdynamics.[A]rable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple2.Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan_____thesoundfromthisradio.[A]amplify[B]enlarge[C]magnify[D]reinforce3.Underthe_____confrontingthemitwasimpossibletocontinuethestrikeanylonger.[A]surroundings[B]settings[C]circumstances[D]environments4.Wehavethesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.[A]cancelled[B]abolished[C]refused[D]rejected5.Weshallprobablyneverbeableto_____theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.[A]assert[B]impart[C]ascertain[D]notify6.Thisdiploma_____thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.[A]proves[B]certifies[C]secures[D]approves7.Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost_____onfullymasteringtheskillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.[A]restrictively[B]radically[C]inclusively[D]exclusively8.Thatsounddoesn’t_____inhislanguagesoit’sdifficultforhimtopronounce.[A]happen[B]takeplace[C]occur[D]run9.Thesecurityguard_____twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.[A]expelled[B]propelled[C]repelled[D]dispelled10.Inmostcasespoliticiansare_____astheyseldomtellthetruth.[A]credible[B]crelous[C]increlous[D]incredible11.Hesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderable_____.[A]future[B]possibility[C]ability[D]opportunity12.Britainhasthehighest_____ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.[A]density[B]intensity[C]popularity[D]prosperity13.CCTVprogramsare_____bysatellitetotheremotestareasinthecountry.[A]transferred[B]transported[C]transformed[D]transmitted14.Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget_____.[A]disposition[B]deficit[C]defect[D]discrepancy15.Thegovernmentwill_____areformintheecationalsystem.[A]initiate[B]initial[C]initiative[D]intimate16.Estimates_____anywherefrom600000to3million.Althoughthefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermater:thatthenumberofthehomelessisincreasing.Oneofthefederalgovernment’sstudiespredictsthatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.[A]cover[B]change[C]differ[D]range17.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellasinstitutional,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage_____increasing.[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity[D]faculty18.Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner’smostimportantbasic_____isthefunctionoftheparticularspace.Forexample,atheaterwithpoorsightlines,poorsound-shapingqualities,andtoofewentriesandexitswillnotworkforitspurpose,nomatterhowbeautifullyitmightbedecorated.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention19.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthose_____forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingorthesocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.[A]maintained[B]described[C]settled[D]afforded20.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly_____juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.[A]affect[B]rece[C]check[D]reflectSectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET.(20points)Healthimpliesmorethanphysicalfitness.Italsoimpliesmentalandemotionalwell-being.Anangry,frustrated,emotionally21personingoodphysicalconditionisnot22healthy.Mentalhealth,therefore,hasmuchtodo23howapersoncopeswiththeworldass/heexists.Manyofthefactorsthat24physicalhealthalsoaffectmentalandemotionalwell-being.Havingagoodself-imagemeansthatpeoplehavepositive25picturesandgood,positivefeelingsaboutthemselves,aboutwhattheyarecapable26,andabouttherolestheyplay.Peoplewithgoodself-imageslikethemselves,andtheyare27likeothers.Havingagoodself-imageisbased28arealistic,aswellaspositive,oroptimistic29ofone’sownworthandvalueandcapabilities.Stressisanunavoidable,necessary,andpotentiallyhealthful30ofoursociety.Peopleofallages31stress.Childrenbeginto32stressringprenataldevelopmentandringchildbirth.Examplesofstress-incing33inthelifeofayoungpersonaredeathofapet,pressureto34academically,thedivorceofparents,orjoininganewyouthgroup.Thedifferentwaysinwhichindivials35tostressmaybringhealthfulorunhealthyresults.Onepersonexperiencingagreatdealofstressmayfunctionexceptionallywell36anothermaybeunabletofunctionatall.Ifstressfulsituationsarecontinuallyencountered,theindivial’sphysical,social,andmentalhealthareeventuallyaffected.Satisfyingsocialrelationsarevitalto37mentalandemotionalhealth.Itisbelievedthatinorderto38,develop,andmaintaineffectiveandfulfillingsocialrelationshipspeoplemust39theabilitytoknowandtrusteachother,understandeachother,influence,andhelpeachother.Theymustalsobecapableof40conflictsinaconstructiveway.21.[A]unstable[B]unsure[C]imprecise[D]impractical22.[A]normally[B]generally[C]virtually[D]necessarily23.[A]on[B]at[C]to[D]with24.[A]signify[B]influence[C]predict[D]mark25.[A]intellectual[B]sensual[C]spiritual[D]mental26.[A]tobedoing[B]withdoing[C]todo[D]ofdoing27.[A]ablebetterto[B]abletobetter[C]bettertoable[D]betterableto28.[A]on[B]from[C]at[D]about29.[A]assessment[B]decision[C]determination[D]assistance30.[A]ideality[B]realization[C]realism[D]reality31.[A]occur[B]engage[C]confront[D]encounter32.[A]tolerate[B]sustain[C]experience[D]undertake33.[A]evidence[B]accidents[C]adventures[D]events34.[A]acquire[B]achieve[C]obtain[D]fulfill35.[A]respond[B]return[C]retort[D]reply36.[A]why[B]when[C]while[D]where37.[A]sound[B]all-round[C]entire[D]whole38.[A]illuminate[B]enunciate[C]enumerate[D]initiate39.[A]access[B]assess[C]process[D]possess40.[A]resolving[B]saluting[C]dissolving[D]solvingSectionIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(40points)Text1Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandalthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandalthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileininstrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongedecationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofalthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theinstrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraation,highschoolgraationandcollegegraationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheecationalambitionoftheindivial.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,right,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandaltprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindivialatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantaltrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainaltrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesaltresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindivialobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanalt.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointalthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.41.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerininstrialsocietiesbecause________.[A]thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged[B]theinstrializedsocietyismoredeveloped[C]moreecationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade(C)[D]ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance42.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.[A]graationsfromschoolsandcolleges[B]socialrecognition[C]socio-economicstatus(A)[D]certainbehavioralchanges43.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoythealthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.[A]elevenyearsold[B]sixteenyearsold[C]twenty-oneyearsold(C)[D]betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold44.Startingfrom22,________.[A]onewillobtainmorebasicrights[B]theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave[C]onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21(C)[D]onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety45.Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat________.[A]inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandalthoodnolongerexisted[B]noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one[C]oneisconsideredtohavereachedalthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicense(A)[D]oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmText2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproctivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,proctivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,proctivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproctivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproctivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentinecationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproctivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthantherectionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolongtermprofitability.BBDO’sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulancecashing.”46.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis________.[A]notasgoodasitseems[B]atitsturningpoint[C]muchbetterthanitseems(A)[D]neartocompleterecovery47.Theofficialstatisticsonproctivitygrowth________.[A]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle[B]fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation[C]meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople(B)[D]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy48.Theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because________.[A]hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”[B]hedoesnotthinktheproctivityrevolutionworks[C]hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading(B)[D]hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?[A]Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproctivity.[B]Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproctivity.[C]Therectionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlongtermprofitability.(A)[D]Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.50.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor’sattitudetowardstheproctivityrevolutionintheU.S.Ais____.[A]biased[B]optimistic[C]ambiguous[D]negativeSectionIStructureandVocabulary：1-5DACBC6-10BDCAD11-15CADBA16-20DCBBA16.[D]本句意思为“估计数字的范围大约从60万到300万之间”，而rangefrom…to…这一句型正是表示“在……范围之内变化”的意思，故本题选[D]。[A]cover虽然有“包含”之意，但cover表示“覆盖”的面积、大小，不表示范围，故排除。[C]differ主要强调不同，而本句并未强调不同，只是强调范围，故选择range。17.[C]capacity意为“容量”，本题中的storagecapacity指存储量。[A]ability意为“能力，才干”，指人的才智而言，强调不但聪明，而且有受过实际锻炼的才干，含义比capability强。[B]capability意为“能力，才能，手腕”。[D]faculty意为“才能，天赋，技能”，指特殊的才能。18.[B]本题[C][D]词义不符合上下文逻辑，首先排除，而care和concern虽都有“关注”的意思，但concern涉及责任(somethingyouhaveatytobeinvolvedin)，与本文讲的特定空间设计与室内设计者的任务相符，而care无此意，且与其前的importantbasic不搭配，所以选[B]。19.[B]本题测试语义搭配。句中提到在某次会议上“讲述”的试验，故选described最为贴切。[A]maintain“主张;维持”，[C]settle“解决”和[D]afford“担负得起;供给”，均不合上下文的逻辑搭配。20.[A]前文的Changesinthesocialstructure对于juvenilecrimerates自然有“影响”。[A]affect“影响，作用”，符合题意。[B]rece“减少”。[C]check“检查，校对”，也可以作“抑制，阻止”。[D]reflect“反射，反映”。SectionIIUseofEnglish答案及解析21.AAnangry,frustrated,emotionallyunstablepersoningoodphysicalconditionisnotnecessarilyhealthy.一个易怒的，情绪沮丧的，感情不稳定但是体格很好的人，未必是健康的。[A]unstableadj.(情绪)不稳定的;[B]unsureadj.没有自信的，不肯定的，不确定的;[C]impreciseadj.不严密的，不精确的;[D]impracticaladj.不切实际的;22.D要表达“并不一定”、“未必”的意思，通常用notnecessarily或notdefinitely。23.DMentalhealth,therefore,hasmuchtodowithhowapersoncopeswiththeworldasitexists.因此，精神健康，和一个人在生活中如何处理身边的事情，有很大的关系。have…(nothing,little,much,alot)todowith…：和……(没)有(很大的)关系。24.BManyofthefactorsthatinfluencephysicalhealthalsoaffectmentalandemotionalwell-being.很多影响体格健康的因素，同时也影响精神和感情的健康。[B]influence影响。例：Myteacherinfluencedmydecisiontostudyscience.我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。influence也可做名词，用法如下：(常与on连用)影响力;感化力。例：Myteacher’sinfluencemademestudyscienceatcollege.由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。Somewomenhavebadinfluenceupontheirhusbands.有些妇女对其丈夫有坏影响。上下文中also一词提示填空处需要affect的近义词。[A]signify①表示;象征;意味。②用动作表示……意思。例：Hesignifiedhiscontentwithanod.他以点头表示同意。③有关系;有重要性。[C]predictv.预知，预言，预报。[D]markvt.做标记于，打分数，标志。由also或affect一词可以轻易解此题。25.D上下文中多次出现这个词。[D]mentaladj.精神的，智力的，心智的。和physical相对。一般“精神病”被称作mentalillness。上下文中physical一词是答案信号。[A]intellectualadj.智力的，有智力的，显示智力的。作名词时意为“知识分子”。[B]sensualadj.肉欲的，色情的，世俗的，强调“通过感官感觉到的”。[C]spiritualadj.非物质的，精神的;灵魂的;宗教的;神圣的。和material相对。26.Dcapableofdoing为固定搭配。意思相当于beabletodo。27.DPeoplewithgoodself-imageslikethemselves,andtheyarebetterabletolikeothers.那些对自己的形象有积极认识的人通常很欣赏自己，也更容易欣赏其他人。tobeableto的比较级，用tobebetterableto，其他选项的词序都不对。28.AHavingagoodself-imageisbasedonarealisticassessmentofone’sownworthandvalueandcapabilities.对自己的形象有积极的认识，是建立在对自己的价值和能力的符合实际的评价基础上的。

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