2017考研《英语》基础阶段模拟试题及详解(2)

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。2.试卷后面附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceontheanswersheet.(20points)1.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide_____opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessfulgroupdynamics.[A]rable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple2.Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan_____thesoundfromthisradio.[A]amplify[B]enlarge[C]magnify[D]reinforce3.Underthe_____confrontingthemitwasimpossibletocontinuethestrikeanylonger.[A]surroundings[B]settings[C]circumstances[D]environments4.Wehavethesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.[A]cancelled[B]abolished[C]refused[D]rejected5.Weshallprobablyneverbeableto_____theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.[A]assert[B]impart[C]ascertain[D]notify6.Thisdiploma_____thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.[A]proves[B]certifies[C]secures[D]approves7.Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost_____onfullymasteringtheskillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.[A]restrictively[B]radically[C]inclusively[D]exclusively8.Thatsounddoesn’t_____inhislanguagesoit’sdifficultforhimtopronounce.[A]happen[B]takeplace[C]occur[D]run9.Thesecurityguard_____twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.[A]expelled[B]propelled[C]repelled[D]dispelled10.Inmostcasespoliticiansare_____astheyseldomtellthetruth.[A]credible[B]crelous[C]increlous[D]incredible11.Hesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderable_____.[A]future[B]possibility[C]ability[D]opportunity12.Britainhasthehighest_____ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.[A]density[B]intensity[C]popularity[D]prosperity13.CCTVprogramsare_____bysatellitetotheremotestareasinthecountry.[A]transferred[B]transported[C]transformed[D]transmitted14.Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget_____.[A]disposition[B]deficit[C]defect[D]discrepancy15.Thegovernmentwill_____areformintheecationalsystem.[A]initiate[B]initial[C]initiative[D]intimate16.Estimates_____anywherefrom600000to3million.Althoughthefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermater:thatthenumberofthehomelessisincreasing.Oneofthefederalgovernment’sstudiespredictsthatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.[A]cover[B]change[C]differ[D]range17.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellasinstitutional,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage_____increasing.[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity[D]faculty18.Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner’smostimportantbasic_____isthefunctionoftheparticularspace.Forexample,atheaterwithpoorsightlines,poorsound-shapingqualities,andtoofewentriesandexitswillnotworkforitspurpose,nomatterhowbeautifullyitmightbedecorated.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention19.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthose_____forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingorthesocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.[A]maintained[B]described[C]settled[D]afforded20.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly_____juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.[A]affect[B]rece[C]check[D]reflectSectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET.(20points)Healthimpliesmorethanphysicalfitness.Italsoimpliesmentalandemotionalwell-being.Anangry,frustrated,emotionally21personingoodphysicalconditionisnot22healthy.Mentalhealth,therefore,hasmuchtodo23howapersoncopeswiththeworldass/heexists.Manyofthefactorsthat24physicalhealthalsoaffectmentalandemotionalwell-being.Havingagoodself-imagemeansthatpeoplehavepositive25picturesandgood,positivefeelingsaboutthemselves,aboutwhattheyarecapable26,andabouttherolestheyplay.Peoplewithgoodself-imageslikethemselves,andtheyare27likeothers.Havingagoodself-imageisbased28arealistic,aswellaspositive,oroptimistic29ofone’sownworthandvalueandcapabilities.Stressisanunavoidable,necessary,andpotentiallyhealthful30ofoursociety.Peopleofallages31stress.Childrenbeginto32stressringprenataldevelopmentandringchildbirth.Examplesofstress-incing33inthelifeofayoungpersonaredeathofapet,pressureto34academically,thedivorceofparents,orjoininganewyouthgroup.Thedifferentwaysinwhichindivials35tostressmaybringhealthfulorunhealthyresults.Onepersonexperiencingagreatdealofstressmayfunctionexceptionallywell36anothermaybeunabletofunctionatall.Ifstressfulsituationsarecontinuallyencountered,theindivial’sphysical,social,andmentalhealthareeventuallyaffected.Satisfyingsocialrelationsarevitalto37mentalandemotionalhealth.Itisbelievedthatinorderto38,develop,andmaintaineffectiveandfulfillingsocialrelationshipspeoplemust39theabilitytoknowandtrusteachother,understandeachother,influence,andhelpeachother.Theymustalsobecapableof40conflictsinaconstructiveway.21.[A]unstable[B]unsure[C]imprecise[D]impractical22.[A]normally[B]generally[C]virtually[D]necessarily23.[A]on[B]at[C]to[D]with24.[A]signify[B]influence[C]predict[D]mark25.[A]intellectual[B]sensual[C]spiritual[D]mental26.[A]tobedoing[B]withdoing[C]todo[D]ofdoing27.[A]ablebetterto[B]abletobetter[C]bettertoable[D]betterableto28.[A]on[B]from[C]at[D]about29.[A]assessment[B]decision[C]determination[D]assistance30.[A]ideality[B]realization[C]realism[D]reality31.[A]occur[B]engage[C]confront[D]encounter32.[A]tolerate[B]sustain[C]experience[D]undertake33.[A]evidence[B]accidents[C]adventures[D]events34.[A]acquire[B]achieve[C]obtain[D]fulfill35.[A]respond[B]return[C]retort[D]reply36.[A]why[B]when[C]while[D]where37.[A]sound[B]all-round[C]entire[D]whole38.[A]illuminate[B]enunciate[C]enumerate[D]initiate39.[A]access[B]assess[C]process[D]possess40.[A]resolving[B]saluting[C]dissolving[D]solvingSectionIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(40points)Text1Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandalthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandalthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileininstrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongedecationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofalthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theinstrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraation,highschoolgraationandcollegegraationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheecationalambitionoftheindivial.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,right,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandaltprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindivialatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantaltrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainaltrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesaltresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindivialobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanalt.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointalthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.41.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerininstrialsocietiesbecause________.[A]thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged[B]theinstrializedsocietyismoredeveloped[C]moreecationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade(C)[D]ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance42.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.[A]graationsfromschoolsandcolleges[B]socialrecognition[C]socio-economicstatus(A)[D]certainbehavioralchanges43.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoythealthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.[A]elevenyearsold[B]sixteenyearsold[C]twenty-oneyearsold(C)[D]betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold44.Startingfrom22,________.[A]onewillobtainmorebasicrights[B]theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave[C]onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21(C)[D]onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety45.Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat________.[A]inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandalthoodnolongerexisted[B]noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one[C]oneisconsideredtohavereachedalthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicense(A)[D]oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmText2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproctivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,proctivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,proctivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproctivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproctivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentinecationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproctivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthantherectionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolongtermprofitability.BBDO’sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulancecashing.”46.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis________.[A]notasgoodasitseems[B]atitsturningpoint[C]muchbetterthanitseems(A)[D]neartocompleterecovery47.Theofficialstatisticsonproctivitygrowth________.[A]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle[B]fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation[C]meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople(B)[D]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy48.Theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because________.[A]hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”[B]hedoesnotthinktheproctivityrevolutionworks[C]hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading(B)[D]hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?[A]Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproctivity.[B]Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproctivity.[C]Therectionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlongtermprofitability.(A)[D]Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.50.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor’sattitudetowardstheproctivityrevolutionintheU.S.Ais____.[A]biased[B]optimistic[C]ambiguous[D]negativeText3MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproctsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproctthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat________.[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising52.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?[A]Securinggreaterfame.[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.[B]Providingmorejobs.[D]Recingnewspapercost.