2017考研《英语(一)》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析(一)

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Whenanyoneopensacurrentaccountatabank,heislendingthebankmoney.Hemay1therepaymentofthemoneyatanytime,either2cashorbydrawingacheckinfavorofanotherperson.3,thebanker-customerrelationshipisthatofdebtorandcreditorwhois4dependingonwhetherthecustomer'saccountis5creditorisoverdrawn.But,in6tothatbasicallysimpleconcept,thebankanditscustomer7alargenumberofobligationstooneanother.Manyoftheseobligationscangive8toproblemsandcomplicationsbutabankcustomer,unlike,say,abuyerofgoods,cannotcomplainthatthelawis9againsthim.Thebankmust10itscustomer'sinstructions,andnotthoseofanyoneelse.11,forexample,acustomeropensanaccount,heinstructsthebanktodebithisaccountonlyin12ofchecksdrawnbyhimself.Hegivesthebank13ofhissignature,andthereisaveryfirmrulethatthebankhasnorightor14topayoutacustomer'smoney15acheckonwhichitscustomer'ssignaturehasbeen16.Itmakesnodifferencethattheforgerymayhavebeenavery17one:thebankmustrecognizeitscustomer'ssignature.Forthisreasonthereisno18tothecustomerinthepractice,19bybanks,ofprintingthecustomer'snameonhischecks.Ifthis20forgery,itisthebankthatwilllose,notthecustomer.(254words)1.[A]acquire[B]deposit[C]demand[D]derive2.[A]for[B]through[C]as[D]in3.[A]However[B]Primarily[C]Moreover[D]Presumably4.[A]which[B]what[C]how[D]that5.[A]on[B]with[C]in[D]for6.[A]support[B]contrast[C]regard[D]addition7.[A]owe[B]commit[C]attribute[D]embark8.[A]purpose[B]rise[C]priority[D]thought9.[A]loaded[B]offended[C]discriminated[D]directed10.[A]conform[B]comply[C]obey[D]abide11.[A]Unless[B]Although[C]Since[D]When12.[A]respect[B]charge[C]line[D]place13.[A]specifics[B]signs[C]symbols[D]specimens14.[A]reputation[B]prestige[C]authority[D]impact15.[A]by[B]on[C]with[D]for16.[A]printed[B]confirmed[C]forged[D]justified17.[A]delicate[B]skillful[C]unusual[D]unique18.[A]risk[B]guarantee[C]fault[D]benefit19.[A]engaged[B]intended[C]adapted[D]adopted20.[A]contributes[B]facilitates[C]results[D]leadsSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAWhenDr.JohnW.Gofman,professorofmedicalphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaandaleadingnuclearcritic,speaksof“ecocide”inhisadversaryviewofnucleartechnology,hemeansthefollowing:AlargenuclearplantlikethatinKalkar,theNetherlands,wouldproceabout200poundsofplutoniumeachyear.Onepound,releasedintotheatmosphere,couldcause9billioncasesoflungcancer.Thiswasteproctmustbestoredfor500,000yearsbeforeitisofnofurtherdangertoman.Intheanticipatedreactoreconomy,itisestimatedthattherewillbe10,000tonsofthismaterialinWesternEurope,ofwhichonetable-spoonfulofplutonium-239representstheofficialmaximumpermissiblebodyburdenfor200,000people.Ratherthanbeingbiodegradable,plutoniumdestroysbiologicalproperties.In1972theU.S.OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationruledthattheasbestoslevelintheworkplaceshouldbeloweredto2fiberspercubiccentimeterofair,buttheeffectivedateoftherulinghasbeendelayeduntilnow.TheInternationalFederationofChemicalandGeneralWorkers'Unionsreportthatthe2-fiberstandardwasbasedprimarilyononestudyof290menataBritishasbestosfactory.ButwhentheworkersattheBritishfactoryhadbeenreexaminedbyanotherphysician,40—70percenthadX'rayevidenceoflungabnormalities.Accordingtopresentmedicalinformationatthefactoryinquestion,outofatotalof29deathsthusfar,sevenwerecausedbylungcancer.AnaverageEuropeanorAmericanworkercomesintocontactwithsixmillionfibersaday.“Wearenow,infact,findingcancerdeathswithinthefamilyoftheasbestosworker,”statesDr.IrvingSelikoff,oftheMountSinaiMedicalSchoolinNewYork.Itisnowalsoclearthatvinylchloride,agasfromwhichthemostwidelyusedplasticsaremade,causesafatalcanceroftheblood-vesselcellsoftheliver.However,thehistoryoftheresearchonvinylchlorideis,insomeways,moredisturbingthanthe“Watergatecover-up.”“Therehasbeenevidenceofpotentiallyseriousdiseaseamongpolyvinylchlorideworkersfor25yearsthathasbeenincompletelyappreciatedandinadequatelyapproachedbymedicalscientistsandbyregulatoryauthorities,”summedupDr.SelikoffintheNewScientist.Atleast17workershavebeenkilledbyvinylchloridebecauseresearchoverthepast25yearswasnotfollowedup.Andforover10years,workershavebeenexposedtoconcentrationsofvinylchloride10timesthe“safelimit”imposedbyDowChemicalCompany.(422words)Notes:plutonium钚。asbestos石棉。polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯。21.By“ecocide”theauthormostprobablymeans[A]wasteutilization.[B]ecologicalbalance.[C]radioactivereaction.[D]massivebio-destruction.22.Accordingtothetext,theauthormentionsplutoniuminparagraph1to[A]estimatetheamountofnuclearmaterialinEurope.[B]exemplifyoneofthepossiblecausesoflungcancer.[C]highlightthemeasuresneededtopreventlungcancer.[D]showthedestructivepropertiesofinstrialwastematerials.23.Thestyleofthesecondparagraphismainly[A]factual.[B]sarcastic.[C]emotional.[D]argumentative.24.Accordingtoparagraph3,someworkershavebeenkilledbyharmfulpollutantsinthat[A]proctioncouldnotbehalted.[B]theyfailedtotakesafetymeasures.[C]researchwasnotpursuedtoasolution.[D]safetyequipmentwasnotadequatelyprovided.25.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorbelievesthat[A]nationwideapplicationofanti-pollutiondevicescanfinallypreventcancer.[B]toughlegislationisneededtosetlowerlimitsofworkerexposuretoharmfulchemicals.[C]moreresearchisrequiredintothecausesofcancerbeforefurtherprogresscanbemade.[D]instrializationmustbesloweddowntopreventfurtherspreadofcancercausingagents.Text2Thetopicofcloninghasbeenapoliticallyandethicallycontroversialonesinceitsverybeginning.Whilethemoralandphilosophicalaspectsoftheissuesareentirelyuptotheinterpretationoftheindivial,theapplicationofcloningtechnologycanbestudiedobjectively.Manyinthescientificcommunityadvocatetheuseofcloningforthepreservationandsupportofendangeredspeciesofanimals,whichasidefromcloning,havenootherpracticalhopeforavoidingextinction.Thegoaloftheuseofcloningtoavoidextinctionisthereintroctionofnewgenesintothegenepoolofspecieswithfewsurvivors,ensuringthemaintenanceandexpansionofgeneticdiversity.Likelycandidatesforthistechniquearespeciesknowntohaveveryfewsurvivingmembers,suchastheAfricanBongoAntelope,theSumatranTiger,andtheChineseGiantPanda.InthecaseofGiantPanda,someartificialtechniquesforcreatingoffspringhavealreadybeenperformed,perhapspavingthewayforcloningasthenextstepintheprocess.Withtheestimatedpopulationofonlyabout1000GiantPandasleftintheworld,theurgencyofthesituationhasledtodesperatemeasures.OnepandawasbornthroughthetechniqueofartificialinseminationintheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates.“HuaMei”wasbornin1999afterherparents,Hsing-HsingandLing-Ling,hadtroubleconceivingnaturally.TheplantoincreasetheGiantPandapopulationthroughtheuseofcloninginvolvestheuseofaspeciesrelatedtotheGiantPanda,theAmericanBlackBear.EggcellswillberemovedfromfemaleblackbearsandthenfertilizedwithPandacellssuchasthosefromLing-LingorHsing-Hsing.Thefertilizedembryowillthenre-implantedintotheblackbear,whereitwillgrowandmature,untilanewpandaisdeliveredfromtheblackbearhost.Criticsofcloningtechnologyarguethattheemphasisoncloningasamethodbywhichtopreservespecieswilldrawfundingawayfromothermethods,suchashabitatpreservationandconservation.Proponentsofcloningcounterthatmanycountriesinwhichmanyendangeredspeciesexistaretoopoortoprotectandmaintainthespecies'habitatsanyway,makingcloningtechnologytheonlypracticalwaytoensurethatthosespeciessurvivetofuturegenerations.Theissueisstillhotlydebated,asbothsidesweighthebenefitsthatcouldbeachievedagainsttherisksandethicalconcernsthatconstantlyaccompanyanyargumentontheissue.(402words)Notes:ethically道德上。genepool基因库。inseminationn.受精。fertilize使受精。embryo胚胎。proponent支持者，拥护者。weighAagainstB权衡A和B的利弊。26.Theauthorraisestheissueofethicalconsiderationincloninginparagraph1inorderto[A]identifytheissuesthatwillnotbeaddressedinthetext.[B]revealanareaofinterestthatwillbeexploredlaterinthetext.[C]identifyoneofthemainissuesaffectingthecloningcontroversytoday.[D]drawthereader'sattentiontoasensitiveissuethatbearsconsiderationinthetopicofcloning.27.Theauthordirectsattentionto“HuaMei”,thebabypandabornintheSanDiegoZoo,inorderto[A]showthatcloningasanartificialbirthtechniquehassucceeded.[B]arguethatpandasareaparticularlylikelycandidateforcloning.[C]showthatartificialbirthtechniquesotherthancloninghavesucceeded.[D]demonstratethenecessityofcloningandotherartificialbirthtechniquestothesurvivalofcertainspecies.28.Paragraph4iswritteninorderto[A]detailtheprocessbywhichcloninginthepandapopulationhasbeenexecutedinthepast.[B]guidethereadertoconsiderthepossibilityofcloninginrestoringthepandapopulation.[C]demonstratethattheuseofcloningtorepopulatethepandaspeciesisafeasiblegoal.[D]informthereaderofhowcloningwouldbecarriedoutinthepandapopulation.29.Themainpurposeofthelastparagraphisto[A]argueinfavorofonesideonaparticularlycontroversialtopicofcloning.[B]displaybothsides'argumentsonanothercontentiousissueincloning.[C]redirectthereaders'attentiontothepreviouslyraisedissueofethicsincloning.[D]providefurtherrelevantinformationtotheevaluationofcloningasapreservationtechnique.30.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationgiveninthetextthatthebestcandidateforcloningwouldbe[A]GiantPandas.[B]anendangeredspecieswithmanylivingrelatedspecies.[C]thespeciesinwhichprevioustechniquesofartificialreproctionhavebeensuccessfullyapplied.[D]thoseforwhichcloningistheonlyfeasiblemethodbywhichtoreprocethespecies.Text3Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisanexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguage,butfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthis,someobvious,someperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydoisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounce,andconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskill,onethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkind,andonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.Ithinkeventeachersoflanguage,whilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodaccent,tendtoneglect,intheirpracticalteaching,thebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.SothefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachershouldbepreparedtodevotesomeofthelessontimetothis,andbyhiswholeattitudetothesubjectshouldgetthestudenttofeelthathereisamatterworthyofreceivinghiscloseattention.SothereshouldbeoccasionswhenotheraspectsofEnglish,suchasgrammarorspelling,areallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.Apartfromthisquestionofthetimegiventopronunciation,therearetwootherrequirementsfortheteacher:thefirst,knowledge;thesecond,technique.Itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Thiscangenerallybeobtainedfrombooks.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofthemechanicsofspeech,andofwhatwecallgeneralphonetictheory.Itisalsopossibleinthiswaytogetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguages,betweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthose,say,ofyourstudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapicture,anycommentshemaymakeonhisstudents'pronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuse,andlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbetime-wasted.Butitdoesnotfollowthatyoucanteachpronunciationsuccessfullyassoonasyouhavereadthenecessarybooks.Itdepends,afterthat,onwhatuseyoumakeofyourknowledge,andthisisamatteroftechnique.Nowthefirstandmostimportantpartofalanguageteacher'stechniqueishisownperformance,hisabilitytodemonstratethespokenlanguage,ineverydetailofarticulationaswellasinfluentspeaking,sothatthestudent'slatentcapacityforimitationisgiventhefullestscopeandencouragement.Theteacher,then,shouldbeasperfectamodelinthisrespectashecanmakehimself.Andtosupplementhisownperformance,howeversatisfactorythismaybe,themodernteacherhasathisdisposalrecordings,radio,televisionandvideo,tosupplytheauthenticvoicesofnativespeakers,or,iftheteacherhappenstobeanativespeakerhimselforspeaksjustlikeone,thentovarythemethodofpresentingthelanguagematerial.(537words)Notes:setabout着手，试图。articulation发音。latent潜在的，不明显的。atone'sdisposal供某人任意支配使用。31.Whatdoesthewriteractuallysayaboutpronouncingforeignlanguages?[A]Onlyafewpeoplearereallyproficient.[B]Nooneisreallyanexpertintheskill.[C]Therearen'tmanypeoplewhoareevenfairlygood.[D]Thereareevensomepeoplewhoaremoderatelyproficient.32.Thewriterarguesthatgoingabouttheproblemofpronunciationinthewrongwayis[A]anobviouscauseofnotgraspingtheproblemcorrectly.[B]afundamentalconsequenceofnotspeakingwell.[C]aconsequenceofnotgraspingtheproblemcorrectly.[D]notanobviouscauseofspeakingpoorly.33.Whatisitthatteachersaresaidtobeinclinedtoforget?[A]Thepracticalteachingoflanguages.[B]Theimportanceofagoodaccent.[C]Theprincipleofphonetictheory.[D]Theteachingofpronunciationintheclassroom.34.Thevaluethestudentputsoncorrectspeechhabitsdependsupon[A]howcloselyheattendstothematter.[B]whetheritisEnglishthatisbeingtaught.[C]histeacher'sapproachtopronunciation.[D]theimportancenormallygiventogrammarandspelling.35.Accordingtothetext,inrelationtosomeoneteachinghisownlanguagetoforeigners,audio-visualaidscan[A]completelyreplacehisownteachingperformance.[B]providealternativesamplesofnativespeech.[C]helptoimproveteachingqualitytoagreatextent.[D]provideaperfectmodelforlanguagestudentstofollow.PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutstress,followedbyalistofarguments.ChoosethebestargumentfromthelistA—Gforeachnumberedsubheading(41—45).Therearetwoextraargumentswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)41.Twotypesofstress:Therearebasicallytwotypesofstressplacedonhumanbeings—physicalandmental.42.Effectsofstress—physicaloremotional:Whetherphysicaloremotionalinorigin,stresscausesthebodytoreactinthesameway.43.Guilty—useful,thoughmostharmful:Probablythemostharmfulofallthestressesisguilt.44.Instances—noneedtofeelguilty:However,manyofusaschildrenlearnedrulesthatwenolongerneed.Nooneisperfect:Guiltandtheworrythatoftenaccompaniesthismajorstressaredifficulttoeradicate,butpeoplesubjecttoexcessiveguiltfeelingsshouldrealize,assimpleasitsounds,thatnooneisperfect.Peoplecannotalwaysbecheerfulandhelpfultoeveryonetheymeet.Anothergoodlessonisthatmistakesshouldbeforgotten,notlingeredoverandbroughtouttoexamineperiodically.45.Lifewithalittlestress—significant:Alifewithoutstress,suchasretirementwithnothingtodo,wouldbeboring.Notes:respiration呼吸。pupil瞳孔。dilate膨胀。perspiration出汗，勤奋。date约会。sour使别扭。eradicatevt.消除，根除。atbest充其量。lingerover细细品味。meditation深思，沉思。mightaswell不妨。

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>

一、单选题1.“心理学的第一大势力”是指()A.精神分析B.行为主义C.认知D.人本主义2.詹姆士是()心理学派的创始人A.构造主义B.行为主义C.格式塔

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>&