2017考研《英语(一)》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析(一)

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ItisgenerallyrecognizedintheworldthatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedweb.Fordecades,Americanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanewcommunication2,fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWarItothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulfWar.Now,4bombsexplodinginBaghdad,asuddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomeacentraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections.Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonlinemedia8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialtheyfindthere,9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuadedmillionsto10tocableringthelastwarinIraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12,nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStates,thewebsitesofmanyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembledanovelcollage(拼贴)of14video,audioreports,photographycollections,animatedweaponry15,interactivemapsandothernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadandjournaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20theircomputersringtheearlycombat.(245words)1.[A]notified[B]publicized[C]followed[D]pursued2.[A]means[B]medium[C]method[D]measure3.[A]coverage[B]publication[C]convention[D]conveyance4.[A]ring[B]in[C]as[D]with5.[A]report[B]demand[C]concern[D]prospect6.[A]ability[B]chance[C]potential[D]power7.[A]opportunity[B]perspective[C]message[D]response8.[A]outlets[B]resources[C]circumstances[D]positions9.[A]forallthat[B]nowthat[C]justas[D]asif10.[A]subject[B]contribute[C]apply[D]subscribe11.[A]Discouraged[B]Inspired[C]Impressed[D]Effected12.[A]approach[B]usage[C]application[D]access13.[A]radically[B]plausibly[C]orderly[D]hastily14.[A]living[B]alive[C]live[D]lively15.[A]destruction[B]displays[C]installation[D]contest16.[A]capitalizing[B]embarking[C]broadcasting[D]operating17.[A]accessible[B]desirable[C]feasible[D]available18.[A]focused[B]rested[C]reckoned[D]depended19.[A]continuous[B]perpetual[C]captive[D]temporary20.[A]with[B]at[C]beside[D]nearSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes:emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.“Theburntchildfearsthefire”isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthosealtswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem.Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteachersmethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudies(withspecialreferencetoraces,creedsandnationalities),sciencemattersofhealthandsafety,theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.However,whenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudes,itisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustrate,first-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion,research,outsidereadingandall-daytrips.Finally,ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.(377words)Notes:pointup(=emphasize)强调，突出。touchupon触及。creed信条，教义。inculcation谆谆教诲。cajoling哄骗。21.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?[A]Anassertionismadeandtwoexamplesaregiventoillustrateit.[B]Acontroversyisstatedandtwooppositepointsofviewarepresented.[C]Awidelyaccepteddefinitionispresentedandtwomenaredescribed.[D]Anideaisstatedandtworesultsofrecentresearcharesummarized.22.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovetextisthat[A]attitudesaffectouractions.[B]teachersplayasignificantroleindevelopingorreshapingpupilsattitudes.[C]attitudescanbemodifiedbysomeclassroomexperiences.[D]bytheirattitudes,teachersdon'taffectpupils'attitudesdeliberately.23.Inparagraph6theauthorimpliesthat[A]theteachershouldguidealldiscussionsbyrevealingherownattitude.[B]insomeaspectsofsocialstudiesagreatervarietyofmethodscanbeusedintheuppergradesthaninthelowergrades.[C]peopleusuallyactonthebasisofreasoningratherthanonemotion.[D]children'sattitudesoftencomefromthoseofotherchildren.24.Astatementnotmadeorimpliedinthetextisthat[A]attitudescanbebasedonthelearningofuntruestatements.[B]worthwhileattitudesmaybedevelopedinpracticallyeverysubjectarea.[C]attitudescannoteasilybechangedbyrewardsandlectures.[D]theattitudesofelementaryschool-agedchildrenareinfluencedprimarilybythewaytheyweretreatedasinfants.25.Thetextspeciallystatesthat[A]directexperiencesaremorevaluablethanindirectones.[B]whateverattitudesachildlearnsinschoolhavealreadybeenintrocedathome.[C]teacherscansometimeshaveanunwholesomeinfluenceonchildren.[D]teachersshouldalwaysconcealtheirownattitudesText2Aninstrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,isheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstance,electricitysupply,water,railandroadtransport,andharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbish,hospitalandambulanceservices,and,astheeconomydevelops,centralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperate,thewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries'economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountries,inpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounions,comparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.Forhistoricalreasons,Britain'sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallines,ratherthanonaninstry-by-instrybasis,whichmakesawagespolicy,democracyininstryandtheimprovementofprocereforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement,someofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirinstrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunions,whichmeansthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologies,unionscanfightfortheirmembersdisappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdo,problemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentinstriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelected,orevenappointed,forlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemof“shopstewards”inmanyunions,“shopstewards”beingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.(411words)26.WhyistheinterdependenceoftheUKeconomymentionedinparagraph1?[A]Topointuptheimportanceofthetradeunionpower.[B]Tooutlineinbriefthegreatscaleofessentialservices.[C]Toillustratethedangerinthewholeeconomicsystem.[D]Tobringoutacentralizedandconcentratedinstrialsociety.27.Becauseoftheirout-of-dateorganizationsomeunionsfinditdifficultto[A]recruitnewmemberstojoin.[B]remoldthemselvesasinstrieschange.[C]adapttoadvancingtechnologies.[D]bargainforhighenoughwages.28.Disagreementsarisebetweenunionsbecausesomeofthem[A]takeoverotherunions'jobs.[B]trytowinovermembersofotherunions.[C]protecttheirownmembersattheexpenseofothers.[D]intendtorepresentworkersinnewtradeorganizations.29.Whatbasicproblemarewetoldmosttradeunionsface?[A]Theyareequalinsizeofinfluence.[B]Theyarelesspowerfulthaneverbefore.[C]Theydon'thaveenoughmembers.[D]Theyarenotorganizedefficiently.30.Thetitlewhichbestexpressestheideaofthetextwouldbe[A]BritishTradeUnionsandTheirDrawbacks.[B]ACentralizedandConcentratedSociety.[C]ThePowerofTradeUnionsinBritain.[D]TheStructureofBritishTradeUnions.Text3Istheliterarycriticlikethepoet,respondingcreatively,intuitively,subjectivelytothewrittenwordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperience?Oristhecriticmorelikeascientist,followingaseriesofdemonstrable,verifiablesteps,usinganobjectivemethodofanalysis?Forthewomanwhoisapractitioneroffeministliterarycriticism,thesubjectivityversusobjectivity,orcritic-as-artist-or-scientist,debatehasspecialsignificance;forher,thequestionisnotonlyacademic,butpoliticalaswell,andherdefinitionwillprovokespecialriskswhicheversideoftheissueitfavors.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismasobjectiveandscientific—avalid,verifiable,intellectualmethodthatanyone,whethermanorwoman,canperform—thedefinitionnotonlymakesthecritic-as-artistapproachimpossible,butmayalsohinderaccomplishmentoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesofthosewhoseektochangetheacademicestablishmentanditsthinking,especiallyaboutsexroles.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismascreativeandintuitive,privilegedasart,thenherworkbecomesvulnerabletotheprejudicesofstereotypicideasaboutthewaysinwhichwomenthink,andwillbedismissedbymuchoftheacademicestablishment.Becauseoftheseprejudices,womenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfindthemselveschargedwithinabilitytobeanalytical,tobeobjective,ortothinkcritically.Whereasmenmaybefreetoclaimtheroleofcritic-as-artist,womenrundifferentprofessionalriskswhentheychooseintuitionandprivateexperienceascriticalmethodanddefense.Thesequestionsarepoliticalinthesensethatthedebateoverthemwillinevitablybelessanexplorationofabstractmattersinaspiritofdisinterestedinquirythananacademicpowerstruggle,inwhichthecareersandprofessionalfortunesofmanywomenscholarsonlynowenteringtheacademicprofessioninsubstantialnumberswillbeatstake,andwiththemthechancesforadistinctivecontributiontohumanisticunderstanding,acontributionthatmightbeanimportantinfluenceagainstsexisminoursociety.Aslongastheacademicestablishmentcontinuestoregardobjectiveanalysisas“masculine”andanintuitiveapproachas“feminine,”thetheoreticianmuststeeradelicatephilosophicalcoursebetweenthetwo.Ifshewishestoconstructatheoryoffeministcriticism,shewouldbewelladvisedtoplaceitwithintheframeworkofageneraltheoryofthecriticalprocessthatisneitherpurelyobjectivenorpurelyintuitive.Hertheoryisthenmorelikelytobecomparedandcontrastedwithothertheoriesofcriticismwithsomedegreeofdispassionatedistance.(418words)31.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthetext?[A]HowTheoriesofLiteraryCriticismCanBestBeUsed[B]ProblemsConfrontingWomenWhoAreFeministLiteraryCritics[C]AHistoricalOverviewofFeministLiteraryCriticism[D]LiteraryCriticism:ArtorScience?32.Accordingtotheauthor,thedebatehasspecialsignificanceforthewomanwhoisatheoreticianoffeministliterarycriticismbecause[A]womenwhoareliterarycriticsfaceprofessionalrisksdifferentfromthosefacedbymenwhoareliterarycritics.[B]therearelargenumbersofcapablewomenworkingwithintheacademicestablishment.[C]thereareafewpowerfulfeministcriticswhohavebeenrecognizedbytheacademicestablishment.[D]likeothercritics,mostwomenwhoareliterarycriticsdefinecriticismaseitherscientificorartistic.33.TheauthorspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatparticularlyaffectwomenwhoaretheoreticiansoffeministliterarycriticismEXCEPTthe[A]tendencyofapredominantlymaleacademicestablishmenttoformpreconceptionsaboutwomen.[B]limitationsthatareimposedwhencriticismisdefinedasobjectiveandscientific.[C]likelihoodthattheworkofawomantheoreticianwhoclaimstheprivilegeofartwillbeviewedwithprejudicebysomeacademics.[D]tendencyofmembersoftheacademicestablishmenttotreatallformsoffeministliterarytheorywithhostility.34.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwoulddefineas“political”(Line1,Para.3)thequestionsthat[A]cannotberesolvedwithoutextensivedebate.[B]areprimarilyacademicinnatureandopentoabstractanalysis.[C]arecontestedlargelythroughcontentionoverpower.[D]willbedebatedbybothmenandwomen.35.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeoneofthe“utilitarianpoliticalobjectives”mentionedbytheauthor?[A]Toforgeanewtheoryofliterarycriticism.[B]Topursuetruthinadisinterestedmanner.[C]Todemonstratethatwomenareinterestedinliterarycriticismthatcanbeviewedeithersubjectivelyorobjectively.[D]Toconvincetheacademicestablishmenttorevisethewaysinwhichitassesseswomenscholarsprofessionalqualities.

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一、单选题1.“心理学的第一大势力”是指()A.精神分析B.行为主义C.认知D.人本主义2.詹姆士是()心理学派的创始人A.构造主义B.行为主义C.格式塔

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