2017年考研数学一预测试卷及答案(2)

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一、单项选择题1.20世纪60年代初期，提出了“以学生为中心”的主张，认为教师只是一个“方便学习的人”的人本主义心理学家是()A马斯洛B罗杰斯C布鲁纳D班杜拉2.从榜样中所观察到的行为，产

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相关推荐：>>>2017年考研现场确认时间及地点汇总>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheTreasurycouldpocket20millionayearinextrafinesoncethecountry‘sspeedcameranetworkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe__1__couldbecomeapolltaxonwheels’，__2__hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofvandalism__3__cameras.Thewarningscame__4__aDailyMailsurveyfoundalmostallthe23policeforcesinEnglandandWaleswereeither__5__toexpansionplansorconsidering__6__.Nationwide，thenumberofspeedingticketsisexpectedtotreble，__7__90millionayear.__8__thescheme，policekeepsomeofthecashfromfinesto__9__thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand__10__thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed__11__atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcutcollisionsbyaquarteranddeathsandseriousinjuriesby__12__ahalf.Butmotoringorganizationsfearcameraswillbesitedonrelativelysafe__13__faststretchestocatchasmanydriversaspossible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto__14__the“threshold”speedsatwhichcamerasare__15__totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mphlimit，and26mphina20mphzone.Thiscouldencouragedriverstostareattheirspeedometersinsteadofconcentratingontheroad，and__16__tomoreaccidents.SueNicholson，headofcampaignsattheRAC，said，“Wedon‘thaveaproblemwithspeedcameras__17__.Butwedohaveconcernsabout__18__theyaresited.Policerisklosingcredibility__19__motoristsifcamerasareseenasrevenue-raising__20__safetydevices.”1.[A]promotions[B]punishments[C]penalties[D]payments2.[A]isolating[B]separating[C]alienating[D]detaching3.[A]towards[B]against[C]before[D]over4.[A]so[B]once[C]as[D]where5.[A]subjected[B]engaged[C]intended[D]committed6.[A]takingpart[B]keepingsilence[C]makingexception[D]payingrespect7.[A]financing[B]profiting[C]funding[D]netting8.[A]From[B]Under[C]On[D]With9.[A]hide[B]cover[C]conceal[D]veil10.[A]pledging[B]assuring[C]confirming[D]ensuring11.[A]essentially[B]strongly[C]wholeheartedly[D]purely12.[A]inall[B]fewerthan[C]atmost[D]upto13.[A]but[B]whereas[C]though[D]while14.[A]fit[B]put[C]set[D]fix15.[A]levered[B]geared[C]handled[D]triggered16.[A]lead[B]add[C]contribute[D]resort17.[A]anyless[B]byitself[C]afterall[D]assuch18.[A]who[B]when[C]where[D]which19.[A]in[B]with[C]against[D]for20.[A]inspiteof[B]farfrom[C]ratherthan[D]bymeansofSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungeylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearting.Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally-admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.21.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsisA.notveryhigh.B.high.C.contemptuous.D.critical.22.ThemainideaofthispassageisA.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.23.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansisA.TocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople.B.togiveanexample.C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.24.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?A.Three.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.25.ThepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisA.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.Text2Scientistshaveknownsince1952thatDNAisthebasicstuffofheredity.They'veknownitschemicalstructuresince1953.TheyknowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogramsome3billionbitslongthatspellsouttheinstructionsformakingproteins，thebasicbuildingblocksoflife.Buteverythingthegeneticengineershaveaccomplishedringthepasthalf-centuryisjustapreambletotheworkthatCollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleaguesaredoingnow.CollinsleadstheHumanGenomeProject，a15-yearefforttodrawthefirstdetailedmapofeverynookandcrannyandgeneinhumanDNA.Anderson，whopioneeredthefirstsuccessfulhumangene-therapyoperations，isleadingthecampaigntoputinformationaboutDNAtouseasquicklyaspossibleinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases.Whattheyandotherresearchersareplottingisnothinglessthanabiomedicalrevolution.LikeSiliconValleypiratesreverse-engineeringacomputerchiptostealacompetitor'ssecrets，geneticengineersaredecodinglife'smolecularsecretsandtryingtousethatknowledgetoreversethenaturalcourseofdisease.DNAintheirhandshasbecomebothablueprintandadrug，apharmacologicalsubstanceofextraordinarypotencythatcantreatnotjustsymptomsorthediseasesthatcausethembutalsotheimperfectionsinDNAthatmakepeoplesusceptibletoadisease.Andthat'sjustthebeginning.Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone，however，scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthuman—orevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace，andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer，iftheycanbeconqueredatall.Intheshortrun，themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease，forexample，couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective，theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances，almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.(409words)26.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatCollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleagues_____.[A]knowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogram[B]havefoundthebasicbuildingblocksoflife[C]haveaccomplishedsomegeneticdiscoveryringthepasthalf-century[D]aremakingabreakthroughinDNA27.CollinsandAndersonarecitedinthetexttoindicateallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.[A]time-consumingeffortisneededtoaccomplishthedetailedmapofinhumanDNA[B]humangene-therapyoperationsmaybeappliedtothepatients[C]gene-therapynowisalreadygenerallyusedtothetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases[D]informationaboutDNAmaybeusedinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases28.Theword“pirate”(line2，paragraph3)means______.[A]onewhorobsatseaorplundersthelandfromthesea[B]onewhomakesuseoforreprocestheworkofanotherwithoutauthorization[C]totake(something)bypiracy[D]tomakeuseoforreproce(another'swork)withoutauthorization29.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat_____.[A]engineeringaperfecthumanisnotfeasibleforthetimebeing[B]it‘simpossibleforscientiststoengineeraperfecttomato[C]manydiseaseswillneverbeconqueredbyhumanbeings[D]doctorswillbeabletocureallsortsofflawsinDNAinthelongrun30.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe______.[A]DNAandHeredity[B]TheGeneticRevolution[C]ABiomedicalRevolution[D]HowtoApplyGeneticTechnologyText3Thepurposeofaninterviewistofindoutifyourgoalsandthegoalsofanorganizationarecompatible.Othergoalsoftheintervieware：toanswerquestionssuccessfully，obtainanyadditionalinformationneededtomakeadecision，accentyourspecialstrengths，establishapositiverelationship，showconfidence，andtosellyourself.Basedonthesegoals，placeyourselfintheroleoftheintervieweranddevelopanticipatedquestionsandanswerstothreecategories：companydata，personaldata，andspecificjobdata.Youalsodevelopquestionswhichyouwillasktodeterminehowwellyourcareergoalsmatchtheneedsoftheorganization.Thesequestionsincludeboththoseyouwouldaskbeforeajobofferandthoseyouwouldaskafterajoboffer.Priortotheinterview，acquaintyourselfwiththelawspertainingtojobdiscrimination.Thisknowledgewillenhanceyourchancesofbeingconsideredonanequalstandingwithotherapplicants.Todevelopconfidence，adequatelypreparefortheinterview.Focusonhowyoucanbestservetheorganizationtowhichyouareapplying.Thenrehearseuntiltheroughedgesaresmoothedandyousoundconvincingtothosewithwhomyouhavepracticed.Sincetheinterviewwillcenteronyou，properself-managementprocessisdividedintofourstages：thebeforestage，thegreetingstage，theconsultationstage，andthedeparturestage.Thebeforestageincludeswritingaconfirmationletter，concentratingonappearanceandnonverbalcommunication，developingyourportfolio，anticipatingquestionswithpositiveresponses，andarrivingearly.Thegreetingstageincludesgreetingeveryonecourteously，usingwaiting-roomsmarts，usingyourtimewisely，andapplyingproperprotocolwhenmeetingtheinterviewer.Theconsultationstageincludesresponsivenessandenthusiasm，knowingwhentointerjectkeypoints，showingsincerity，highlightingyourstrengths，andlisteningintently.Thedeparturestageincludesleavingonapositivenote，expressingappreciation，expressinginterest，leavingpromptly，andmakingnotesimmediatelyafterdeparture.Tosavetimeandmoneyandofferconveniencetoprospectiveemployeesandemployers，videotapingandsatellitevideophonesmaybecomeacommonmethodofinterviewing.Beingateaseinfrontofacamerawouldbeimportantforthesetypesofinterviews.Followingtheinterview，writethank-youletterstoeachpersonwhointerviewedyouandtothosewhohelpedyougettheinterview.Wheninvitedforasecondinterview，gopreparedbyusingyournotesandfeedbackfromtheinterviewtozeroinonwhatthecompanywants.Ifthecompanydoesn‘trespondintwoweeks，callbackorwriteafollow-upletter.Youmaygetturneddown.Ifso，trytofindoutwhyasameansofself-improvement.Followingajoboffer，takeafewdaystoconsiderallelementsandthencallorwritealettereitheracceptingordecliningtheoffer-—whicheverisappropriate.Ifyouacceptandyouarepresentlyemployed，writeaneffectiveletterofresignation，departingonapositivenote.31.Theword“compatible”inthefirstsentenceprobablymeans____.[A]inagreement[B]inconflict[C]complementary[D]practicable32.Thewriteradvisesyoutofamiliarizeyourselfwiththelawsconcerningjobdiscriminationsothat____.[A]youcanshowyourprospectiveemployeryouhaveawiderangeofknowledge[B]youstandonequalchanceofbeinghiredwithotherapplicantstothejob[C]youwillrefusetogiveanswerstoanyquestionsagainstthecurrentlaws[D]youknowhowtobehavewithinthelimitoflawsattheinterview33.Atwhichstageshouldyouemphasizeyourqualificationsforthejob?[A]Thebeforestage.[B]Thegreetingstage.[C]Theconsultationstage.[D]Thedeparturestage.34.Ifyouaregivenasecondinterview，itismostimportantforyouto____.[A]writeathank-youlettertoeachpersonwhointerviewedyoulasttime[B]findoutexactlywhatthecompanywantsofyou[C]learnfromthelastinterviewandimproveyourself[D]consideralltheelementsthatareimportantforthejob35.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith____.[A]howtomanageaninterview[B]howtoapplyforajobvacancy[C]howanapplicantshouldbehaveringaninterview[D]howtomakeyourprivategoalcompatiblewiththoseofanorganization

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