2017年考研数学一预测试卷及答案(2)

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一、单项选择题1.20世纪60年代初期，提出了“以学生为中心”的主张，认为教师只是一个“方便学习的人”的人本主义心理学家是()A马斯洛B罗杰斯C布鲁纳D班杜拉2.从榜样中所观察到的行为，产

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相关推荐：>>>2017年考研现场确认时间及地点汇总>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Whentelevisionfirstbegantoexpand,veryfewofthepeoplewhohadbecomefamousasradiocommentatorswereequallyeffectiveontelevision.Someofthe1theyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto2themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.Whenworking3radio,forexample,theyhadbecome4toseeingon5ofthelistener.This6ofseeingforothersmeansthatthe7hastobeverygoodattalking.8all,hehastobeableto9acontinuoussequenceofvisualimageswhich10meaningtothesoundswhichthelistenerhears.Inthe11oftelevision,however,thecommentatorsees12withtheviewer.Hisrole,therefore,is13different.Heistheretomake14thattheviewerdoesnot15somepointsofinterest,tohelphim16onparticularthings,andto17theimagesonthetelevisionscreen.18hisradiocolleague,hemustknowthe19ofsilenceandhowtouseitatthosemoments20thepicturesspeaksforthemselves.1.A.difficultiesB.successesC.sufferingsD.incidents2.A.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modify3.A.onB.atC.withD.behind4.A.experiencedB.determinedC.establishedD.accustomed5.A.accountB.sideC.pointD.behalf6.A.efficiencyB.technologyC.artD.performance7.A.commentatorB.TVviewerC.speakerD.author8.A.OfB.ForC.AboveD.In9.A.inspireB.createC.causeD.perceive10.A.addB.applyC.affectD.reflect11.A.occasionB.eventC.factD.case12.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything13.A.equallyB.completelyC.initiallyD.hardly14.A.definiteB.possibleC.sureD.clear15.A.loseB.depriveC.relieveD.miss16.A.focusB.attendC.followD.insist17.A.exhibitB.demonstrateC.exposeD.interpret18.A.LikeB.UnlikeC.AsD.For19.A.purposeB.goalC.valueD.intention20.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.asSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1It’splaincommonsense—themorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It’splaincommonsense,butit’snottrue.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallytwosidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.Peoplemightthinkthatthehigheraperson’slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa.Butwhenresearchersmeasurepeople’saveragelevelsofhappinessandunhappiness,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmakeyoulessmiserable,butprobablywon’tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefoundhappinessdoesn’tappeartobeanyone’sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.Psychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeeling—happinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.Theyhavealsobeguntofindoutwho’shappy,whoisn’tandwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn’tfoundasimpleformulaforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.Whyisunhappinesslessinfluencedbyenvironment?Whenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.Thisdoesn’tmean,however,thatsomepeopleareborntobesadandthat’sthat.Genesmaypredisposeonetounhappiness,butdispositioncanbeinfluencedbypersonalchoice.Youcanincreaseyourhappinessthroughyourownactions.21.Accordingtothetext,itistruethat[A]unhappinessismoreinheritedthanaffectedbyenvironment.[B]happinessandunhappinessaremutuallyconditional.[C]unhappinessissubjecttoexternalmorethaninternalfactors.[D]happinessisanuncontrollablesubjectivefeeling.22.Theauthorarguesthatonecanachievehappinessby[A]maintainingitatanaveragelevel.[B]escapingmiserableoccurrencesinlife.[C]pursuingitwithone’spainstakingeffort.[D]realizingitscoexistencewithunhappiness.23.Thephrase“Todate”(Para.4)canbebestreplacedby[A]Asaresult.[B]Inaddition.[C]Atpresent.[D]Untilnow.24.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorbelievesabouthappinessandunhappiness?[A]Onefeelsunhappyowingtohismiserableorigin.[B]Theyareindependentbutexistingconcurrently[C]Onefeelshappybyparticipatinginmoreactivities.[D]Theyareactionsandattitudestakenbyhumanbeings.25.Thesentence“That’sthat”(Para.5)probablymeans:Somepeopleareborntobesad[A]andthesituationcannotbealtered.[B]andhappinessremainsinaccessible.[C]buttheydon’tthinkmuchaboutit.[D]buttheyremainunconsciousofit.Text2Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet。IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZo?Zysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK。ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht)。Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindivialattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly。Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem。26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality。[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias。[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice。[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination。27.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZo?Zysman.[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names。[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize。28.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents。[B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapeformclass.[C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents.[D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight。29.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?[A]Theyaregettingimpatient。[B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff。[C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated。[D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles。30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?[A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated。[B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism。[C]Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo。[D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias。Text3Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing。”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal。Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromorisanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines,Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes。”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers。”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand。Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather'sbypassoperation,ababy'svaccinations,andevenapet'sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoprocethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst。Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress。31.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto[A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions。[B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights。[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch。[D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement。32.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis[A]cruelbutnatural。[B]inhumanandunacceptable。[C]inevitablebutvicious。[D]pointlessandwasteful。33.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s[A]discontentwithanimalresearch。[B]ignoranceaboutmedicalscience。[C]indifferencetoepidemics。[D]anxietyaboutanimalrights。34.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould[A]communicatemorewiththepublic。[B]employhi-techmeansinresearch。[C]feelnoshamefortheircause。[D]strivetodevelopnewcures。35.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis[A]awell-knownhumanist。[B]amedicalpractitioner。[C]anenthusiastinanimalrights。[D]asupporterofanimalresearch。Text4Iamaneuroscientist.Imakealivingbystudyinghowthebrainworks.Althoughneurosciencehastakenhugestridesforwardinthepastdecade，itisalongwayfrombeingabletoaddresstheproblemsdealtwithbypsychotherapy.3)Neurosciencecannotyetexplainhowwefeel，anditisalongwayfrombeingabletoprescribewhatamiserablepersonmustdotofeelbetter.So，asaneuroscientist，IfeelIshouldhaveaconclusionaboutthealternativeapproach.ThefirstquestionImustansweris：“Whatdopsychotherapieshavetooffer?”First，letusdealwiththescientificangle.Thebestwaytostartisbyassessingaclaimthathascroppedupseveraltimesovertheyear.Itwasfirstmadeofpsychoanalysis，butithasbeenextendedtootherpsychotherapies.Itistheclaimthatpsychoanalysisisthesuccessortoreligion，thatitgivesascientific，ratherthanasuperstitious，answertothequestionofhowbesttoleadahappy，fulfilledlife.Iwouldsaythisclaimisatbesthalfright.Psychoanalysismayindeedanswerthequestionofhowbesttoleadahappylife，butithasalotmoreincommonwithreligionthanithaswithscience.Infact，psychoanalysisisnotthesuccessortoreligion，itisjustanotherreligion.Thisassessmentisbasedonthewayreligionsandsciencesdealwithfundamentaltruths.Inreligions，truthsarelaiddownbyGodandrevealedtotheprophetswho，intheirturn，passthemontothefaithful.Theyaresacredmysteriesthatcannotbequestioned.Inscience，ontheotherhand，truthsarenothingifnotquestionable.Thelawsofsciencearedecedfromtheresultsofexperimentsandcanbeusedtopredictnewexperimentalresults.Ifnewresultsgoagainsttheprediction，theyshowthelawtobefalse.Anewexperimentalresult，oranewtheoryforderivingpredictionsfromtheresults，canchangetheacceptedtruths.Ifascientificstatementcannot，inprinciple，beprovedwrongthenittellsusnothing.Psychoanalysissuffersfromjustthisproblem.4)Itisamaximthatourpsychologicalproblemsarerootedinpastconflicts，andthattherepressedmemoriesoftheseconflictsemergefromtheunconsciousincodedformsthatcanbeinterpretedbytheanalyst.Butthecodesaresoobscureandsoflexiblethattheydefyrationalexplanation.Thereisnowaythemaximscouldbedisproved.Theymaynotbesacred，buttheyaredefinitelymysteries.Manyothertherapiesarebasedonuntestabletheories.Ofcourse，thatdoesn‘tnecessarilypreventthemfromworking.Thereisnodoubtthousandsofpeoplefeelthatpsychoanalysishashelpedthemtoleadfullerandhappierlives.Butthenumberofsatisfiedcustomersisnoguidetoscientificvalidity;ifitwere，religionwouldcomeoutwayahead.36.Theauthorconsidershisroleasaneuroscientist____.[A]irrelevanttothatofapsychoanalyst[B]differentfromthatofapsychoanalyst[C]ofthesameimportanceasthatofapsychotherapeutist[D]purelyimaginaryandimpractical37.Accordingtotheauthor，psychoanalysisisanotherreligioninthat____.[A]itdoesnothingtowardsrevealingfundamentaltruth[B]itsconclusionsareseldomcapableofbeingtested[C]ithastoomanyprophetsandblindbelievers[D]ittakesovermanydoctrinesfromreligiousbeliefs38.Bysayingthat“Psychoanalysissuffersfromjustthisproblem”(Para.5)theauthormeansthat____.[A]psychoanalysisdealswithproblemsorconflictsinsidetheunconscious[B]theassertionsinpsychoanalysiscannotbedisproved[C]psychoanalysisattachesnoimportancetodoingexperiments[D]psychoanalystscannotexplainpsychologicalproblemstopatients39.Whichofthefollowingisascienceaccordingtotheauthor?[A]Neuroscience.[B]Psychoanalysis.[C]Psychotherapy.[D]Noneoftheabove.40.Themainpurposeofthepassageis____.[A]torefutethepracticalvalueofpsychoanalysis[B]toproposeneuroscienceasanalternativetopsychoanalysis[C]tocomparethetheoriesofpsychoanalysiswithreligiousdoctrines[D]toexplainwhypsychoanalysisisnotascience

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