2017年考研《教育学》专业习题及答案(16)

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【导语】考研英语完形填空部分十分考验学生的词汇量积累和语法运用，是考生最容易失分的题型之一，因而需要日常知识积累和大量的练习相结合，才有达到有效的复习效果。以下是无忧考网为大家整理的《2018年考研英

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相关推荐：>>>2017年考研现场确认时间及地点汇总>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>新题型一、七选五或填空式阅读Passage1Englishhasbecometheworld’snumberonelanguageinthe20thcentury.Ineverycountrywhereisnotthenativelanguage,especiallyintheThirdWorld,peoplemuststrivetolearnittothebestoftheirabilities,iftheywanttoparticipatefullyinthedevelopmentoftheircountries.41)__________.42)__________.Nonetheless,aworldfullofdifferentlanguagewilldisappearifthepresenttrendinmanycountriestouseEnglishtoreplacethenationalorofficiallanguagesinecation,tradeandevenpoliticscontinues.43)__________.TheThirdWorldcountriesthatarenowusingEnglishasamediumofinstructionaredepriving75percentoftheirfutureleadersofaproperecation.Accordingtomanystudies,onlyaround20to25percentofstudentsinthesecountriescanmanagetolearnthelanguageofinstructionaswellasbasicsubjectsatthesametime.ManyleadersoftheseThirdWorldcountriesareobsessedwithEnglishandforthemEnglishiseverything.TheyseemtobelievethatifthestudentsspeakEnglish,theyarealreadyknowledgeable.44)__________.Allthegreatestcountriesoftheworldaregreatbecausetheyconstantlyusetheirownlanguagesinallnationaldevelopmentactivities,includingecation.Fromapsychologicalpointofview,thosewhoaretaughtintheirownlanguagefromthestartwilldevelopbetterself-confidenceandself-reliance.Fromalinguisticpointofview,thebestbrainscanonlybeprocedifstudentsareecatedintheirownlanguagefromthestart.45)__________.Thereisnothingwrong,however,inlearningaforeignlanguageatadvancedlevelsofecation.Butthebestthingtodoistohaveagoodecationinone’snativelanguagefirst,thengoabroadtohaveauniversityinaforeignlanguage.A)Ifthissituationcontinues,thenativeorofficiallanguagesofthesecountrieswillcertainlydiewithintwoorthreegenerations.Thisphenomenonhasbeencalledlinguisticgenocide.Alanguagediesifitisnotfullyusedinmostactivities,particularlyasamediumofinstructioninschools.B)Thosewhoaretaughtinaforeignlanguageformthestartwilltendtobeimitatorsandlackself-confidence.Theywilltendtorelyonforeignconsultants.C)SupposeyouworkinabigfirmandfindandfindEnglishveryimportantforyourjobbecauseyouoftendealwithforeignbusinessmen.NowyouarelookingaplacewhereyoucanimproveyourEnglish,especiallyyourspokenEnglish.D)ButmanypeopleareconcernedthatEnglish’sdominancewilldestroynativelanguages.E)TheseleadersspeakandwriteEnglishmuchbetterthantheirnationallanguages.IftheseleadersdeliverspeechesanywhereintheworldtheyuseEnglishandtheyfeelmoreathomewithitandproudoftheirabilityaswell.Thecitizensoftheircountriesdonotunderstandtheirleader’sspeechesbecausetheyaremadeinaforeignlanguage.F)HerearesomeadvertisementsaboutEnglishlanguagetrainingfromnewspapers.Youmayfindtheinformationyouneed.G)AcloseexaminationrevealsagreatnumberoflanguageshavefallencasualtytoEnglish.Forexample,ithaswipedoutHawaiian,Welsh,ScotchGaelic,Irish,nativeAmericanlanguages,andmanyothers.Luckily,someoftheselanguagesarenowbeingrevived,suchasHawaiianandWelsh,andtheselanguageswillliveagain,hopefully,ifdedicatedpeoplecontinuetheirworkofrevivingthem.Passage2In1959theaverageAmericanfamilypaid$989forayear’ssupplyoffood.In1972thefamilypaid$1,311.Thatwasapriceincreaseofnearlyone–third.Everyfamilyhashadthissortofexperience.Everyoneagreesthatthecostoffeedingafamilyhasrisensharply.Butthereislessagreementwhenreasonsfortherisearebeingdiscussed.Whoisreallyresponsible?Manyblamethefarmerswhoprocethevegetables,fruit,meat,eggs,andcheesethatstoresofferforsale.AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,thefarmer’sshareofthe$1,311spentbythefamilyin1972was$521.Thiswas31percentmorethanthefarmerhadreceivedin1959.Butfarmersclaimthatthisincreasewasverysmallcomparedtotheincreaseintheircostofliving.Farmerstendtoblameothersforthesharpriseinfoodprices.Theyparticularlyblamethosewhoprocessthefarmproctsaftertheproctsleavethefarm.Theseincludetruckdrivers,meatpackers,manufacturersofpackagesandotherfoodcontainers,andtheownersofstoreswherefoodissold.41)__________.Ofthe$1,311familyfoodbillin1972,middlementreceived$790,whichwas33percentmorethantheyhadreceivedin1959.Itappearsthatthemiddlemen’sprofithasincreasedmorethanfarmer’s.Butsomeeconomistsclaimthatthemiddleman’sactualprofitwasverylaw.AccordingtoeconomistsattheFirstNationalCityBank,theprofitformeatpackersandfoodstoresamountedtolessthanonepercent.Duringthesameperiodallothermanufacturersweremakingaprofitofmorethan5percent.42)__________.43)__________.Vegetablesandchickencostmorewhentheyhavebeencutintopiecesbysomeoneotherthantheonewhobuysit.Afamilyshouldexpecttopaymorewhenseveral“TVdinners”aretakenhomefromthestore.Thesearefullycookedmeals,consistingofmeat,vegetables,andsometimesdesert,allarrangedonametaldish.Thedishisputintotheoverandheatedwhilethehousewifeisdoingsomethingelse.Suchaconveniencecostsmoney.44)__________.Economistsremindusmanymodernhousewiveshavejobsoutsidethehome.Theyearnmoneythathelpstopaythefamilyfoodbills.Thehousewifenaturallyhaslesstimeandenergyforcookingafteraday’swork.Shewantstobuymanykindsoffoodthatcanbeputonherfamily’stableeasilyandquickly.45)__________.Itappearsthattheanswertothequestionforrisingpricesisnotasimpleone.Procers,consumers,andmiddlemenallsharetheresponsibilityforthesharpriseinfoodcosts.A)Thus,aseconomistspointout:”Someofthebasicreasonsforwideningfoodpricespreadsareeasilytraceabletotheincreasinguseofconveniencefoods,whichtransfermuchofthetimeandworkofmealpreparationfromthekitchentothefoodprocessor’splant.”B)Theyareamongthe“middlemen”whostandbetweenthefarmerandthepeoplewhobuyandeatthefood.Aremiddlementheonestoblameforrisingfoodprices?C)“Ifthehousewifewantsallofthese.”Theeconomistssay,“thatisherprivilege,butshemustbepreparedtopayfortheservicesofthethosewhomakeherworkeasier.”D)Whothenisactuallyresponsibleforthesizeofthebillahousewifemustpaybeforeshecarriesthefoodhomefromthestore?TheeconomistsatFirstNationalCityBankhaveananswertogivehousewives,butmanypeoplewillnotlikeit.Theseeconomistsblamethehousewifeherselfforthejumpinfoodprices.Theysaythatfoodcostsmorenowbecausewomendon’twanttospendmuchtimeinthekitchen.Womenprefertobuyfoodwhichhasalreadybeenpreparedbeforeitreachesthemarket.E)However,someeconomistsbelievethatcontrolscanhavenegativeeffectsoveralongperiodoftime.Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.F)Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.G)Bycomparisonwithothermembersoftheeconomicsystembothfarmersandmiddlemenhaveprofitedsurprisinglylittlefromtheriseinfoodprices.Passage3Growingcooperationamongbranchesoftourismhasprovedvaluabletoallconcerned.Governmentbureaus,tradeandtravelassociationcarriersandpropertiesareallworkingtogethertobringaboutoptimumconditionsfortravelers.41)__________.Theydistributematerialstoagencies,suchasjournals,brochuresandadvertisingprojects.42)__________.Touristcounselorsgivevaluableseminarstoacquaintagentswithnewprogramsandtechniquesinselling.43)__________.Propertiesandagenciesworkcloselytogethertomakethemostsuitablecontracts,consideringboththecomfortoftheclientsandtheirownprofitablefinancialarrangement.44)__________.45)__________.Carriersaredependentuponagenciestosupplypassengers,andagenciesaredependentuponcarrierstopresentthemwithmarketabletours.Allservicesmustworktogetherforgreaterefficiency,fairpricingandcontentedcustomers.A)Thesameconfidenceexistsbetweenagenciesandcarriersincludingcar-rentalandsight-seeingservices.B)Theyofferfamiliarizationandworkshoptourssothatinashorttimeagentscanobtainfirst-handknowledgeofthetours.C)Traveloperators,specialistsinthefieldofplanning,sponsorextensiveresearchprograms.Theyhaveknowledgeofallareasandallcarrierservices,andtheyareexpertsinorganizingdifferenttypesoftoursandinpreparingeffectiveadvertisingcampaigns.D)Asaresultofteamwork,tourismisflouringinallcountries.E)Agenciesrelyuponthegoodservicesofhotels,and,conversely,hotelsrelyuponagencies,tofulfilltheircontractsandtosendthemclients.F)Inthiswayagentslearntoexplaindestinationsandtosuggestdifferentmodesandcombinationsoftravel-Planes,ships,trains,motorcoaches,car-rentals,andevencarpurchases.G)Consequently,theagenciesstartedtopaymoreattentiontothecomfortoftravel.Passage4FieldsacrossEuropearecontaminatedwithdangerouslevelsoftheantibioticsgiventofarmanimals.Thedrugs,whichareinmanuresprayedontofieldsasfertilizers,couldbegettingintoourfoodandwater,helpingtocreateanewgenerationofantibiotic-resistant“superbugs“.ThewarningcomesfromaresearcherinSwitzerlandwholookedatlevelsofthedrugsinfarmslurry.41)__________.Some20,000tonsantibioticsareusedintheEuropeanUnionandtheUSeachyear.Morethanhalfaregiventofarm-animalstopreventdiseaseandpromotegrowth.42)__________.Mostresearchersassumedthathumansbecomeinfectedwiththeresistantstrainsbyeatingcontaminatedmeat.Butfarmoreofthedrugsendupinmanurethaninmeatprocts,saysStephenMuelleroftheSwissFederalInstituteforEnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyinDubendorf.43)__________.Withmillionsoftonsanimalsmanurespreadontofieldsofcopssuchaswheatandbarleyeachyear,thispathwayseemsanequallylikelyrouteforspreadingresistance,hesaid.Thedrugscontaminatethecrops,whicharetheneaten.44)__________.Muellerisparticularlyconcernedaboutagroupofantibioticscalledsulphonamides.45)__________.Thisconcentrationishighenoughtotriggerthedevelopmentofresistanceamongbacteria.Butvetsarenottreatingtheissueseriously.Thereisgrowingconcernattheextenttowhichdrugs,includingantibiotics,arepollutingtheenvironment.Manydrugsgiventohumansarealsoexcretedunchangedandbrokendownbyconventionaltreatment.A)Theydon’teasilydegradeordissolveinwater.HisanalysisfoundthatSwissfarmmanurecontainsahighpercentageofsulphonamides;eachhectareoffieldcouldbecontaminatedwithupto1kilogramofthedrugs.B)Andmanurecontainsespeciallyhighlevelsofbugsthatareresistanttoantibiotics,hesays.C)Animalantibioticsisstillanareatowhichinsufficientattentionhasbeenpaid.D)Butrecentresearchhasfoundadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseduseofthesefarmyarddrugsandtheappearanceofantibiotic-resistantbugsthatinfectpeople.E)HisfindingsareparticularlyshockingbecauseSwitzerlandisoneofthefewcountriestohavebannedantibioticsasgrowthpromotersinanimalfeed.F)Theycouldalsobeleachingintotapwaterpumpedfromrocksbeneathfertilizedfields.G)Thereisnodoubtthatthefoodanddrinkisalwaysimportanttothehealth.Passage5ThemainproblemindiscussingAmericanpopularcultureisalsooneofitsmaincharacteristics:itwon’tstayAmerican.Nomatterwhatitis,whetheritisfilms,foodandfashion,music,casualsportsorslang,it’ssoonathomeelsewhereintheworld.ThereareseveraltheorieswhyAmericanpopularculturehashadthisappeal.Onetheoryisthatishasbeen“advertised”andmarketedthroughAmericanfilms,popularmusic,andmorerecently,television.41)__________.Theyare,afterall,incompetitionwiththoseprocedbyothercountries.Anothertheory,probablyamorecommonone,isthatAmericanpopularcultureisinternationallyassociatedwithsomethingcalled“thespiritofAmerica.”42)_________.Thefinaltheoryislesscomplex:Americanpopularcultureispopularbecausealotofpeopleintheworldlikeit.Regardlessofwhyitsspreads,Americanpopularcultureisusuallyquiterapidlyadoptedandthenadaptedinmanyothercountries.43)__________.BlackleatherjacketswornbymanyheroesinAmericanmoviescouldbefound,agenerationlater,onallthoseyoungmenwhowantedtomakethismanly-looktheirown.Twoareaswherethiscontinuingprocessismostclearlyseenareclothingandmusic.Somepeoplecanstillrememberatime.WhenT-shirts,joggingclothes,tennisshoes,denimjackets,andbluejeanswerenotcommondailyweareverywhere.Onlytwentyyearsago,itwaspossibletospotanAmericaninParisbyhisorherclothes.Nolongerso:thosebrightcolors,checkeredjacketsandtrousers,hatsandsockswhichwereoncemadefunincartoonsarebackagaininParisasthelatestfashion.44)__________.ThesituationwithAmericanpopularmusicismorecomplexbecauseinthebeginning,whenitwasstillclearlyAmerican,itwasoftenstronglyresisted.Jazzwasoncethoughttobeagreatdangertoyouthandtheirmorals,andwasactuallyoutlawedinseveralcountries.Today,whilestillshowingitsratherAmericanroots,ithasbecomesowellestablished.Rock“n”rollandallitsvariations,country&westernmusic,allhavemoreorlesssimilarhistories.Theywerefirstresisted,oftenonAmericaaswell,asbeing“low-class,”andthenas“adangertoournation’syouth.”45)__________.Andthenthemusicbecameacceptedandwasextendedandwasextendedanddeveloped,andexportedbacktotheU.S.

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