2013考研英语真题、答案及解析

对于广大考研的学生来说，2012年的“地球灾难”已经过去，正所谓“年年岁岁题相似，岁岁年年人不同”，这句话最好诠释了今年考研阅读PartA的特点，阅读

一、单项选择题马原部分1.有一副对联，上联是“桔子洲，洲旁舟，舟行洲不行”，下联是“天心阁，阁中鸽，鸽飞阁不飞”。这形象地说明了运动和静止是相互联系

点击下载：英语二真题（Word版）2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.C

2013年研究生入学考试已经结束，今年的考研英语真题，从命题形式来看，比较常规，没有出现让考生措手不及的情况;但仍然是稳中有变，体现了灵活的命题趋势。从完形填空部分来看，2013年的完型是一篇选自

2013年考研英语翻译试题的特点表现在以下三个方面：1.五个句子超纲或较难的词汇较多；2.句子结构有些太复杂，有一些特别难分析的句子；3.话题也是广大考生不太熟悉的话题。2013年研究生入学考

2013年考研英语翻译试题的特点表现在以下三个方面：1.五个句子超纲或较难的词汇较多;2.句子结构有些太复杂，有一些特别难分析的句子;3.话题也是广大考生不太熟悉的话题。2013年研究生入学考

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbe

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindivialdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1_theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby_2_factors.ButDrSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig_3_wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith._4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft_6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.To__8__thisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the____9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers___10____randomlyforinterviewringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas____11____.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews_12_by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad_13_applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale_14_numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere_15_usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis_16_outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone_17__that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould_18_byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto_19_theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen_20__.1.AgrantsBsubmitsCtransmitsDdilivers2.AminorBexternalCcrucialDobjective3.AissueBvisionCpictureDmoment4.AAboveallBOnaverageCInprincipleDForexample5.AfondBfearfulCcapableDthoughtless6.AinBforCtoDon7.AifBuntilCthoughDunless8.A.testB.emphasizeC.shareD.promote9.A.decisionB.qualityC.statusD.success10.A.foundB.studiedC.chosenD.identified11.A.otherwiseB.defensibleC.replaceableD.exceptional12.A.inspiredB.expressedC.conctedD.secured13.A.assignedB.ratedC.matchedD.arranged14.A.putB.gotC.tookD.gave15.A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather16.A.selectedB.passedC.markedD.introced17.AbelowBafterCaboveDbefore18.AjumpBfloatCfluctuateDdrop19.AachieveBundoCmaintainDdisregard20.AnecessaryBpossibleCpromisingDhelpfulSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganinstrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-procedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-rableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintrocedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher[A]poorbargainingskill.[B]insensitivitytofashion.[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.[D]lackofimagination.22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto[A]combatunnecessarywaste.[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.[B]Thefast-fashioninstryignoressustainability.[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.[C]Criticismofthefast-fashioninstry.[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.Text2Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheinstrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproctsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,MMicrosoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers[D]providebetteronlineservices27.“Theinstry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:[A]onlineadvertisers[B]e-commerceconctors[C]digitalinformationanalysis[D]internetbrowserdevelopers28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads[B]failstoaffecttheadinstry[C]willnotbenefitconsumers[D]goesagainsthumannature29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:[A]inlgence[B]understanding[C]appreciaction[D]skepticismText3Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtorecemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment[B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks[D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity32.TheIUCN’s“RedList”suggestthathumanbeingare[A]asustainedspecies[B]athreatentotheenvironment[C]theworld’sdominantpower[D]amisplacedrace33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto[A]exploreourplanet’sabundantresources[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanityText4Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatforthefederalgovernmentandthestates.Anarizona.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenfourfederalimmigrationslaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto"establishauniformRuleofAnturalization"andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepolicethatrantotheexistingfederalones.JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt'sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately"occupiedthefield"andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal'sprivilegedpowersHowever,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothealienandSeditionActs.The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturesonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguedthaArizona’slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryoutCongress'simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’splanwereoverturnedbecausethey[A]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers.[B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates.[C]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw.[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies.37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]Federalofficers’tytowithholdimmigrants’information.[B]States’independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.[C]States’legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.[D]Congress’sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs[A]violatedtheConstitution.[B]underminedthestates’interests.[C]supportedthefederalstatute.[D]stoodinfavorofthestates.39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement[A]outweighsthatheldbythestates.[B]isdependentonthestates’support.[C]isestablishedbyfederalstatutes.[D]rarelygoesagainststatelaws.40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?[A]ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.[B]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministrstion.[C]JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.[D]TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday’sglobalchallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.(41)______Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoarificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.(42)____Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords“environmentalchanged”or“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince2004,(43)____Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding(44)____thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday’seconomicclimate.Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2020,anewprogramtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory,Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45)____Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.[A]Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.[B]However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2010,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneoftheseKeywords.[C]theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthebio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.[D]thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.[E]Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.[G]Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds-includinggovernment,higherecation,non-profitandcorporate-variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points) Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindivialswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakosvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,thefoemerbecomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofone’srelationtoone’senvironment.(48)Thegardensofthehomelesswhichareineffecthomelessgardensintrocefromintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidn’texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insodoingtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromissointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesingardenandfeeltheexpressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallarrangementofmaterials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofwordgardenthoughina“liberated”sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.Inthemwecanseebiophilia-ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife-assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.46.yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardenscreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurgesbeyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.47.Asacredplaceofpeace,however,crudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtosheltwhichisadistinctlyanimalneed.48.Thegardensofthehomelesswhichareinefffecthomelessgardenintrocefromintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidn’texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch49.Mastofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditionsuntilonedaywefindourselvesinagardenandfeeltheoppressionvanishasifbymagic50.Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofthewordgarden,thoughina“liberated”sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/hertobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly.2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenews