2014考研英语（二）真题点评及来源

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SectionIUseofEnglish Directions: Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points) Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments.”___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___. Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort. Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13___anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___. TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse. 1.[A]where  [B]when  [C]that  [D]why 2. [A]improves [B]fades  [C]recovers [D]collapses 3. [A]If   [B]Unless [C]Once  [D]While 4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook 6. [A]turns  [B]finds  [C]points  [D]figures 7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations 8. [A]genre  [B]functions [C]circumstances[D]criterion 9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process 10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel  [D]feature 11. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However 12. [A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom [D]insteadof 13. [A]back  [B]further [C]aside  [D]around 14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility 15. [A]forces  [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows 16. [A]hold  [B]track  [C]order  [D]pace 17. [A]to  [B]with  [C]for  [D]on 18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually 19. [A]carry  [B]put  [C]build  [D]take 20. [A]risky  [B]effective [C]idle  [D]familiarSectionⅡReadingComprehension PartA Directions: Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points) Text1 Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andrece“dependency”GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introcedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable? Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyinlgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits. Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob. ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoinlgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU. 21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto [A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits. [B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking. [C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily. [D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits. 22.Thephrase,“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans [A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre. [B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance. [C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment. [D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram. 23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme? [A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall. [B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed. [C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants. [D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers. 24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel [A]uneasy [B]enraged. [C]insulted. [D]guilty. 25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree? [A]TheBritishwelfaresysteminlgesjobseekers’laziness. [B]Osborne’sreformswillrecetheriskofunemployment. [C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds. [D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.Text2 Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica. Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare. Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegalecation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard. Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedto doso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird. Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically. Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldrececostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow. 26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessioneto [A]thegrowingdemandfromclients. [B]theincreasingpressureofinflation. [C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms. [D]theattractionoffinancialrewards. 27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegalecationinmostAmericanstates? [A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraatestudies. [B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation. [C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor. [D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations. 28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom [A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance. [B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession. [C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers. [D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism. 29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit [A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession. [B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares. [C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade. [D]preventslawyersfromgainingeprofits. 30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses [A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses. [B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica. [C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit. [D]theroleofundergraatestudiesinAmerica’slegalecation.Text3 TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience. What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-led research.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius. Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch. AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindivialwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy. Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace. 31.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseenas [A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth. [B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes. [C]anexampleofbankers’investments. [D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers. 32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit [A]theprofit-orientedscientists. [B]thefoundersofthenewawards. [C]theachievement-basedsystem. [D]peer-review-ledresearch. 33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves [A]controversiesovertherecipients’status. [B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers. [C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes. [D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings. 34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels? [A]Theirenrancehasdonejusticetothem. [B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute. [C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor. [D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem. 35.Theauthorbelievesthatthenowawardsare [A]acceptabledespitethecriticism. [B]harmfultothecultureofresearch. [C]subjecttoundesirablechanges. [D]unworthyofpublicattention.Text4“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberalecationmaycausemoreharmthangood. In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby“federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,ecators,indivialbenefactorsandothers”to“maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandecation.”Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism. Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents’abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms. Unfortunately,despite2½yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberalecationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveprocedgraateswhodon’tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberalecationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing“progressive,”orleft-liberalpropaganda. Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation. TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberalecation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate. 36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport? [A]Critical [B]Appreciative [C]Contemptuous [D]Tolerant 37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto [A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberalecation [B]definethegovernment’sroleinecation [C]keepaleadingpositioninliberalecation [D]safeguardindivials’rightstoecation 38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests [A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory [B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects [C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies [D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages 39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorsare [A]supportiveoffreemarkets [B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation [C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy [D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas 40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext? [A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter”[B]IlliberalEcationand“TheHeartoftheMatter”[C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEcation [D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEcationPartB Directions: Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplacedMarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(10points)[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece,thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlvaiGorge,anearlyhominidsiteinTanzania,wasfoundbyabutterflyhunterwholiterallyfellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s. [B]Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsReneMillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymappingtheentirecityofTeotihuacanintheValleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.AtitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheworld.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived. [C]Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites. [D]Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.Inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopan,Honras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillagesandindivialdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopancollapsed. [E]Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbornetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields. [F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamunexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingsforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEvancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingfortinyengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evans’sinterpretationsoftheseengravingseventuallyledhimtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossos(Knossós)ontheislandofCrete,in1900. [G]Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetectors.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch. 41. →A →42. →E →43. →44. →45.  PartC Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)    Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.(46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.    Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.(47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.    ThiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.(48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanintensecrescendoandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.    Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.(49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindivial:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.    Beethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatplagueourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.(50)OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving. SectionⅢWriting PartA 51.Directions: Writealetterofabout100wordstothepresidentofyouruniversity,suggestinghowtoimprovestudents’physicalcondition. Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary. YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead. Donotwritetheaddress.(10points) PartB 52.Directions: Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould 1)describethedrawingbriefly, 2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and 3)giveyourcomments. YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET(20points)

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SectionIUseofEnglish1.【答案】A where2.【答案】B fades3.【答案】B while4.【答案】A&nb