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2018计算机考研专业解析【小编力荐】

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>2018计算机考研交流群:452734424一、专业分类及介绍目前我国计算机专业主要分为三大类:计算机基础专业、与理工科交叉的计算机专业、与文科艺术类交叉的计算机专业。1、计算机基础专业:专业要

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    SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreprocedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytorecingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity."Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.ty19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesText1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationalecation“havethatstereotype..thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproctofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreecationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Whenecationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversiyofgifts.21.Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof______.A.mechanicalmemorizationB.academictrainingC.practicalabilityD.pioneeringspirit22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationalecationisforkidswho______.A.arefinanciallydisadvantagedB.arenotacademicallysuccessfulC.haveastereotypedmindD.havenocareermotivation23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraates______.A.areentitledtomore“cationalprivilegesB.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturingC.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesD.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns24.Theheadlongpushintobacheloi’sdegreesforall_____.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforceD.indicatestheovervaluingofhigherecation25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousText4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting,”hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiseyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,aninlgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproctivitymaybeetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,”saysPillay.Text436.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto______A.seizeeveryminutetoworkB.listyouimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.Keeptoyourfocustime37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthatA.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsB.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpectedC.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyD.dailyschelesarcindispensabletostudying38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis__________-A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy0.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrain’sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandinfocused______A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyB.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingC.isdrivenbytaskurgencyD.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork40.Thistextismainlyabout_____A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeB.WaystorelievethetensionofbusylifeC.ThekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime

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