2018年计算机专业考研大纲解析

2019年的难度到底是什么样的?我们先说一下近几年的难度在翻译的板块是如何体现的?根据考试分析官方的数据，0.5是一个中间值，对应到的是适中的难度，分值越大越简单，分值越小越难。2016年是0.52

2019考研英语二真题大作文原味解析版Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressayyoushoul

2019考研英语翻译真题解析Itwasn’tuntilaftermyretirementthatIhadthetimetoreadscientificpapersinmedicaljournalswithanythinglikecloseattention.Untilthen,Ihad,likemostdoctors,readtheauthors’conclusionsandassumedthattheyboresomenecessaryrelationtowhathadgonebefore.Ihadalsonaivelyassumedthattheeditorshaddonetheirjobandcheckedtheintellectualcoherenceandprobityofthecontentsoftheirjournals.ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealizedjusthowbad—inaccurate,misleading,sloppy,illogical—muchofthemedicalliterature,eveninthebestjournals,frequentlywas.Mydiscoverypleasedandreassuredmeinaway:foritshowedmethat,eveninadvancingage,Iwasstillcapableofbeingsurprised.Icametorecognizevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.46)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled‘TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience’,publishedontheRoyalSociety’sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Accordingtotheauthors,theproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,astheyhavealwaysdone,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Theyquoteananonymousresearcherwhosaidpithily:‘Poormethodsgetresults.’Whatisimportantisnottruth,letaloneimportance,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:47)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.Itisatleastanobjectivemeasure.Inadditiontothepressuretopublish,thereisapreferenceinjournalsforpositiveratherthannegativeresults.Toprovethatfactorahasnoeffectwhateveronoutcomebmaybeimportantinthesensethatitrefutesahypothesis,butitisnothalfsocaptivatingasthatfactorahassomemarginallypositivestatisticalassociationwithoutcomeb.Itmaybeanelementaryprincipleofstatisticsthatassociationisnotcausation,butinpracticeeveryoneforgetsit.Theeasiestwaytogeneratepositiveassociationsistodobadscience,forexamplebytrawlingthroughawholelotofdatawithoutapriorhypothesis.Forexample,ifyoutook100dietaryfactorsandtriedtoassociatethemwithflatfeet,youwouldfindsomeofthemthatwereassociatedwiththatcondition,associationssostrongthatatfirstsighttheywouldappearnottohavearisenbychance.Onceithasbeenshownthattheconsumptionof,shallwesay,redcabbageisassociatedwithflatfeet,oneoftwothingscanhappen:someonewilltrytoreprocetheresult,ornoonewill,inwhichcaseitwillenterscientificmythology.Thepenaltiesforhavingpublishedresultswhicharenotreprocible,andprovebeforelongtobemisleading,usuallydonotcancelouttheprestigeofhavingpublishedtheminthefirstplace:andthereforeitisbetter,fromthecareerpointofview,topublishjunkthantopublishnothingatall.Alonglistofpublications,allofthemvalueless,isalwaysimpressive.48)Attemptshavebeenmadeto(controlthisinflation命题人改编为curbthiskindtendency),(forexamplebytrying,whenitcomestocareeradvancement这部分被出题人删除),toincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant’spublishedpapers.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.49)Thiswouldbereasonableenoughifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavors.Boilingdownanindivial’soutputtosimple,objectivemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.50)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreprocible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsincentivizethatkindofscience.Inotherwords,whatweneedismoreemphasisonpersonalcontactandevennepotisminthewaycareersareadvanced:buttellitnotinGath,publishitnotinthestreetsofAskelon;lestthedaughtersofthePhilistinesrejoice…46)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.46)医学期刊中存在大量由广播公司和新闻媒体报道的这种无稽之谈，这会导致健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。47)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.47)如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。48)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthiskindtendencytoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant’spublishedpapers.48)人们已经做出努力来遏制这种倾向，即将一些质量和数量纳入申请人发表的论文的评估当中。49)Thiswouldbereasonableenoughifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavors.49)如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事为他们这样做以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。50)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreprocible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsincentivizethatkindofscience.(50)如果我们想认真确保科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的制度可以激励这种科学的发展

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2019考研英语(二)题目如下：Directions:SupposeprofessorSmithasksyoutoplanadebateonthethemeofcity

不管是2019考研英语一大作文还是2019考研英语二大作文，写之前都不大需要花时间去研究题干，因为每年的题干都大同小异。我们重点要看的就是图表及其下方的文字。今年的图表内容是“某高校20

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