2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(17)

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialrectionsinnoxious

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Thecomplicationsfrequentlyaccompanyingdiabetes,suchasimpai

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Oneofthesimplestandbestknownkindsofcrystalistheionic

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoften

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotberecedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindivialwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofinstrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith[A]identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.[B]stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.[C]proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.[D]contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare[A]strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.[B]weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.[C]strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.[D]strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?[A]Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.[B]Eachcomponentofanautomobile—forexample,theengineorthefueltank—hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.[C]Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.[D]Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroctiontothetext?[A]Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.[B]Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.[C]Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.[D]Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord“paradoxical”(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause[A]thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.[B]architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.[C]collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.[D]engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

在复试过程中，英语部分的考察是比较关键，也是大家最为担心的。关于英语复试的考察形式、考察内容下文进行的详细的说明。首先，英语复试概况介绍考研复试一般包括英语听力和口语，以及专业课的考核。英语的复试

 2016考研学习交流群：57364 理解说明型理解说明型选择题是指对材料的含意进行理解和认识的选择题，它的明显特征是题目中所提供的材料蕴涵了政治、经济、哲学道理。这类题目在所提供

 2016考研学习交流群：57364 范畴归纳型政治理论几门课程往往都是由几大范畴组合而成的，比如马克思主义哲学是由唯物论、辩证法、认识论、历史观四部分构成，每一部分中包含多条原理

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