2018计算机考研科目介绍 计算机考研科目参考书推荐

>2018计算机考研交流群：4527344242018计算机考研清华大学408计算机学科专业基础综合参考书书名作者出版社《数据结构》 严蔚敏清华大学出版社《算法

>为了帮助计算机考研的同学更好地复习，切实地利用好基础复习这个考研过程中关键的时间点，小编整理分享“2021计算机考研：物理层”相关内容，一起来看看吧。物理层物理层作为OSI模

>2018计算机考研交流群：452734424到底计算机考研408是怎么样的。第一，什么学校考408，大部分985和少部分211第二，难度怎么样，确实难度超级大，我没考过其他工科，不知道是不是最难。但

2019考研英语落下帷幕，针对今年的考试特点，以及以往2年考试的的阅读对比，我做了如下分析。从题材的角度上，拿2018年来说，四篇文章都是热点话题，英语一集中考查美国和英国的相关政策，科技进步以及行

各位同学大家晚上，非常感谢大家准时守在新东方在线的网络上，观看我们今年考研的真题解析。关于今年的考研，我给大家看一下，咱们说一下整体的难度。先跟大家分析英语一的，一会儿再说英语二的难度。今年的英语一

【题目】52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-180wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,yo

【参考范文】Dearfriend,IamgreatlypleasedtoreceiveyourletterandIamwritingtoyoutoexpressmy

2019考研英语二真题小作文：建议加介绍【题目】51.Directions:SupposeProfessorSmith.asksyoutoplanadebateonthethe

Itwasn’tuntilaftermyretirementthatIhadthetimetoreadscientificpapersinmedicaljournalswithanythinglikecloseattention.Untilthen,Ihad,likemostdoctors,readtheauthors’conclusionsandassumedthattheyboresomenecessaryrelationtowhathadgonebefore.Ihadalsonaivelyassumedthattheeditorshaddonetheirjobandcheckedtheintellectualcoherenceandprobityofthecontentsoftheirjournals.ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealizedjusthowbad—inaccurate,misleading,sloppy,illogical—muchofthemedicalliterature,eveninthebestjournals,frequentlywas.Mydiscoverypleasedandreassuredmeinaway:foritshowedmethat,eveninadvancingage,Iwasstillcapableofbeingsurprised.Icametorecognizevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.46)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled‘TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience’,publishedontheRoyalSociety’sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Accordingtotheauthors,theproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,astheyhavealwaysdone,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Theyquoteananonymousresearcherwhosaidpithily:‘Poormethodsgetresults.’Whatisimportantisnottruth,letaloneimportance,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:47)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.Itisatleastanobjectivemeasure.Inadditiontothepressuretopublish,thereisapreferenceinjournalsforpositiveratherthannegativeresults.Toprovethatfactorahasnoeffectwhateveronoutcomebmaybeimportantinthesensethatitrefutesahypothesis,butitisnothalfsocaptivatingasthatfactorahassomemarginallypositivestatisticalassociationwithoutcomeb.Itmaybeanelementaryprincipleofstatisticsthatassociationisnotcausation,butinpracticeeveryoneforgetsit.Theeasiestwaytogeneratepositiveassociationsistodobadscience,forexamplebytrawlingthroughawholelotofdatawithoutapriorhypothesis.Forexample,ifyoutook100dietaryfactorsandtriedtoassociatethemwithflatfeet,youwouldfindsomeofthemthatwereassociatedwiththatcondition,associationssostrongthatatfirstsighttheywouldappearnottohavearisenbychance.Onceithasbeenshownthattheconsumptionof,shallwesay,redcabbageisassociatedwithflatfeet,oneoftwothingscanhappen:someonewilltrytoreprocetheresult,ornoonewill,inwhichcaseitwillenterscientificmythology.Thepenaltiesforhavingpublishedresultswhicharenotreprocible,andprovebeforelongtobemisleading,usuallydonotcancelouttheprestigeofhavingpublishedtheminthefirstplace:andthereforeitisbetter,fromthecareerpointofview,topublishjunkthantopublishnothingatall.Alonglistofpublications,allofthemvalueless,isalwaysimpressive.48)Attemptshavebeenmadeto(controlthisinflation命题人改编为curbthiskindtendency),(forexamplebytrying,whenitcomestocareeradvancement这部分被出题人删除),toincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant’spublishedpapers.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.49)Thiswouldbereasonableenoughifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavors.Boilingdownanindivial’soutputtosimple,objectivemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.50)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreprocible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsincentivizethatkindofscience.Inotherwords,whatweneedismoreemphasisonpersonalcontactandevennepotisminthewaycareersareadvanced:buttellitnotinGath,publishitnotinthestreetsofAskelon;lestthedaughtersofthePhilistinesrejoice…46)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.46)医学期刊中存在大量由广播公司和新闻媒体报道的这种无稽之谈，这会导致健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。47)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.47)如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。48)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthiskindtendencytoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant’spublishedpapers.48)人们已经做出努力来遏制这种倾向，即将一些质量和数量纳入申请人发表的论文的评估当中。49)Thiswouldbereasonableenoughifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavors.49)如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事为他们这样做以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。50)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreprocible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsincentivizethatkindofscience.(50)如果我们想认真确保科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的制度可以激励这种科学的发展。