2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(11)
新东方在线推荐:2018年考研一次顺利提分课程!!一科不过,全科免费Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocere:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindivialswhomadehistory,anddecesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindivialityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthetext?[A]Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod.[B]Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.[C]Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.[D]Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindivial’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife.2.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?[A]Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthannarrativeform.[B]Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars.[C]Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.[D]Eventsinthealtlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure.3.Theauthorofthetextsuggeststhatpsychohistoriansviewhistoryprimarilyas[A]areportofevents,causes,andeffectsthatisgenerallyacceptedbyhistoriansbutwhichis,forthemostpart,unverifiable.[B]anepisodicaccountthatlackscohesionbecauserecordsoftheroleofchildhood,work,andleisureinthelivesofhistoricalfiguresarerare.[C]anunchartedseaofseeminglyunexplainableeventsthathavemeaningonlywhenexaminedasdiscreteunits.[D]arecordthewayinwhichaclosedsetofimmutablepsychologicallawsseemstohaveshapedevents.4.Theauthorofthetextputstheword“deepest”(line14,paragraph3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto[A]signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimsfortheirwork.[B]drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method.[C]emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians’methodandthatofpsychohistorians.[D]disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians’claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod.5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.[A]Makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples.[B]Describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians.[C]Questiontheadequacyofthepsychohistorians’interpretationofevents.[D]Pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods.
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新东方在线推荐:2018年考研一次顺利提分课程!!一科不过,全科免费Flatfish,suchastheflounder,areamongthefewvertebratestha
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【导语】锲而舍之,朽木不折;锲而不舍,金石可镂。备考也需要这样持之以恒的精神。无忧考网为您提供2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案解析,通过做题,能够巩固所学知识并灵活运用,考试时会更得心应手,快来练
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关于基础阶段的定义,每个人都不一样。也许有些同学已经看了小半年了,也许有的刚捧起书本,抑或有的才刚有学习的打算。都不重要,推荐基础阶段最好在暑假阶段结束。1.背单词1.1关于单词背诵的顺序世界上最
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经过几个月的紧张复习,我总结出了以下几点心得。第一,在投入复习之前,先做个大体的规划。一开始,可以不要制定过于详细的计划,因为,在复习当中,很可能会再增加一些复习资料什么的,所以,计划随时都有可
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16分钟是可以的速度,考研阅读要求精读,不能像4级考试那样单一的追求速度。考研英语阅读一般读题和做题的时间应该是相同的,每个选项都要回到原文定位定位,以保证它的准确性,因此是比较消耗时间的,建议做题时
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受一个帖子启发,看完后我决心10天把考研单词全部背完而且不是背一遍,是按照背单词的那个循环大表循环着背,前期一些单词都背了7遍了。我做到了!筹划考研比较久了,但还没有考过,本人的基础是:前年单词翻
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一、单词我单词准备的比较早,大二的时候时间比较多就买了本考研英语词汇背诵,到三月正式准备考研的时候,已经背过几遍了。我认为背单词应该在做之前完成,在做之前至少要把核心词熟悉,否则在做的时候,一篇文
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基础薄弱者复习英语不得不知的三个规律
规律一:英语运用能力不等于英语考试能力中国学生学英语的过程,是不断参加英语考试的过程,从中考英语、高考英语,四六级英语,到专四、专八英语,再到考研英语,甚至出国考试(托福、雅思、GRE等)。在此过
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形容词填空在历年完型填空中是考的一个考点。但是广大考生在做这类题时得分率并不高,究其原因,在于考生没有对这类题设置的考点以及解题技巧了解与掌握。小编将从两个方面出发,为广大考生分析形容词填空在完型填空