2017考研数学二真题解析：选择题第2题答案解析

解读2017考研数学三真题分析考查知识分布高等数学线性代数概率

2016年12月24日星期六和2016年12月25日星期日对于大多数人来说是一个休息的日子，但是这两天对于17年考研人来说是意义非凡的，这两天是交卷的时间，是收货的时节，预祝各位考研人考的都会，蒙的

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,iti

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新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Computerprogrammersoftenremarkthatcomputingmachines,withaperfectlackofdiscrimination,willdoanyfoolishthingtheyaretoldtodo.Thereasonforthislies,ofcourse,inthenarrowfixationofthecomputingmachine’s“intelligence”onthedetailsofitsownperceptions—itsinabilitytobeguidedbyanylargecontext.Inapsychologicaldescriptionofthecomputerintelligence,threerelatedadjectivescometomind:single-minded,literal-minded,andsimple-minded.Recognizingthis,weshouldatthesametimerecognizethatthissingle-mindedness,literal-mindedness,andsimple-mindednessalsocharacterizestheoreticalmathematics,thoughtoalesserextent.Sincesciencetriestodealwithreality,eventhemostprecisesciencesnormallyworkwithmoreorlessimperfectlyunderstoodapproximationstowardwhichscientistsmustmaintainanappropriateskepticism.Thus,forinstance,itmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthattheSchrodingerequationforthehydrogenatomisnotaliterallycorrectdescriptionofthisatom,butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativisticeffects;andthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield-theoreticalequations.Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequation,learntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation.Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach.Mathematicsmustdealwithwell-definedsituations.Thus,mathematiciansdependonanintellectualeffortoutsideofmathematicsforthecrucialspecificationoftheapproximationthatmathematicsistotakeliterally.Givemathematiciansasituationthatistheleastbitill-defined,andtheywillmakeitwell-defined,perhapsappropriately,butperhapsinappropriately.Insomecases,themathematiciansliteral-mindednessmayhaveunfortunateconsequences.Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatis,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thequestion,centraltothescientificinvestigationbutintenselydisturbinginthemathematicalcontext—whathappensiftheaxiomsarerelaxed?—istherebyignored.Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.1.Theauthordiscussescomputingmachinesinthefirstparagraphprimarilyinordertodowhichofthefollowing?[A]Indicatethedangersinherentinrelyingtoagreatextentonmachines.[B]Illustratehisviewsabouttheapproachofmathematicianstoproblemsolving.[C]Comparetheworkofmathematicianswiththatofcomputerprogrammers.[D]Provideonedefinitionofintelligence.2.Itcanbeinferredformthetextthatscientistsmakewhichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutscientificarguments?[A]Theliteraltruthoftheargumentscanbemadeclearonlyinamathematicalcontext.[B]Theargumentsnecessarilyignorethecentralquestionofscientificinvestigation.[C]Theargumentsprobablywillbeconvincingonlytootherscientists.[D]Thepremisesonwhichtheargumentsarebasedmaychange.3.Accordingtothetext,mathematicianspresentarisktoscientistforwhichofthefollowingreasons?[A]Mathematiciansmayprovidetheoriesthatareincompatiblewiththosealreadydevelopedbyscientists.[B]Mathematiciansmaydefinesituationsinawaythatisincomprehensibletoscientists.[C]Mathematiciansmayconvincescientiststhattheoreticalassumptionsarefacts.[D]Scientistsmaycometobelievethataxiomaticstatementsareuntrue.4.Theauthorsuggeststhattheapproachofphysiciststosolvingscientificproblemiswhichofthefollowing?[A]Practicalforscientificpurposes.[B]Detrimentaltoscientificprogress.[C]Unimportantinmostsituations.[D]Expedient,butoflittlelong-termvalue.5.Theauthorimpliesthatscientistsdevelopahealthyskepticismbecausetheyareawarethat[A]mathematiciansarebetterabletosolveproblemsthanarescientists.[B]changesinaxiomaticpropositionswillinevitablyunderminescientificarguments.[C]well-definedsituationsarenecessaryforthedesignofreliableexperiments.[D]somefactorsinmostsituationsmustremainunknown.

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