2016考研英语(一)大作文范文:父母的榜样作用(3)

Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthe

下面是2016考研英语(一)大作文范文：父母的引导行动很重要参考范文：Wisepeopleusedtosaythattakingactionsisofutmostsignifi

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）Happypeopleworkdifferently。They’remoreproctive，morecreative，andwillingtotakegreaterrisks。Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork，too。Companieslocatedinplacewithhappierpeopleinvestmore，accordingtoarecentresearchpaper。2，firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D（researchanddevelopment）。That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentforthefuture。Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested。SotheycomparedU.S。cities’averagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas。7enough，firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8。Butitisreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment，orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D？Tofindout，theresearchescontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvestlikesize，instry，andsales-and-andforindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein，likegrowthinwagesorpopulation。Theylinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings。Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms，whichtheauthors13to“lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceofyoungerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment。’’Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16。Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces。17thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview，theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility。It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture。Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward–thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage，”saidoneresearcher。1。[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2。[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion3。[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4。[A]indivialism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5。[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6。[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7。[A]sure[B]odd[C]unfortunate[D]often8。[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered9。[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10。[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11。[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12。[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13。[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14。[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15。[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16。[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17。[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18。[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19。[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20。[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendactSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（40points）Text1It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege。Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroctorycourses，saidTomCortina，theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience。However，Cortinasaid，earlyexposureisbeneficial。Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience，theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing，endlessstringoflettersandnumbers–butatooltobuildapps，orcreateartwork，ortesthypotheses。It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents。Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal。Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap，Cortinasaid。Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege，whereintroctorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim，whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway。TheFlatironSchool，wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming，startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforaltslookingforacareerchange。Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum，but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin，”saidVictoriaFriedman，aninstructor。Forinstance，oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood。ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook。Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover，sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket。Buttheskillstheylearn–howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults–applytoanycodinglanguage，saidDeborahSeehorn，anecationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina。Indeed，theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall。Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses。Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets，intheiroffices，intheirhomes–fortherestoftheirlives，Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink，howtocoaxthemachineintoprocingwhattheywant–theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat–thebetter。21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto_______A。completefuturejobtrainingB。remodelthewayofthinkingC。formulatelogicalhypothesesD。perfectartworkproction22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers，Flatironhasconsideredtheir________A。experienceB。interestC。careerprospectsD。academicbackgrounds23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill________A。helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguagesB。havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeC。needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsD。enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.Accordingtothelastparagraph，Flatironstudentsareexpectedto______A。bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologiesB。staylongerintheinformationtechnologyinstryC。becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworldD。competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers25.Theword“coax”（Line4，Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto________A。persuadeB。frightenC。misguideD。challengeText2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates。Butjustsome22，000birdsremaintoday，occupyingabout16%ofthespecies‘historicrange。ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S。FishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened。“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation，”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe。Someenvironmentalists，however，weredisappointed。Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered，”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats。ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe”threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew，potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches。Inparticular，theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments，whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction。andwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken‘shabitat。Undertheplan，forexample，theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill，harm，ordisturbthebird，aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat。NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates，theplanrequiresindivialsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat。Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat，USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67，000birdsoverthenext10years。AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA），acoalitionofstateagencies，thejobofmonitoringprogress。Overall，theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver‘sseatformanagingthespecies，”Ashesaid。Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric。SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan，andatleastadozeninstrygroups，fourstates，andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt。Notsurprisingly，doesn’tgofarenough。“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameinstriesthatarepushingittoextinction，”saysbiologistJayLininger。26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____。[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.The“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_____。[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_____。[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations29.AccordingtoAshe，theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin______。[A]thefederalgovernment[B]thewildlifeagencies[C]thelandowners[D]thestates30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_______。[A]instrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallengeText3Thateveryone‘stoobusythesedaysisacliché。Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully：There’sneveranytimetoread。Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon‘tseemsufficient。Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread：“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes。”Butinmyexperience，usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn‘twork。Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook‘sthelastthingyouneed。Themodernmind，TimParks，anovelistandcritic，writes，“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted；itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption。”Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime，butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient。Infact，“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem。Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally，judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal。Immersivereading，bycontrast，dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency，goallessness，eventime-wasting。Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou‘llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful，sometimes，butnotthemostfulfillingkind。“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt，”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime，and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles（days，hours，minutes）astheypass，foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled，wewillhavewastedthem。”Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook。Sowhatdoeswork？Perhapssurprisingly，schelingregulartimesforreading。You‘dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set，butinfact，Eberlenotes，suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime。”Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks，oronsingle-purposee-readers。“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork，too-providingyoudipinoftenenough，sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness，beforedroppingbackdown。Onareallygoodday，itnolongerfeelsasifyou‘re“makingtimetoread，”butjustreading，andmakingtimeforeverythingelse。31。Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause。[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed32。The“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto。[A]updatetheirto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling[C]carrytheirplansthrough[D]pursuecarefreereading33。Eberlewouldagreethatschelingregulartimesforreadinghelps。[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set[B]developonlinereadinghabits[C]promoteritualisticreading[D]achieveimmersivereading34。“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif。[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness35。Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe。[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals[D]HowtoReadExtensivelyText4Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure，youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess，alatestpollhasfound。Acrossgenerationallines，Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife，includinggettingmarried，havingchildren，owningahome，andretiringintheirsixties。Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife，theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit。Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderaltstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork，tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs，tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife，toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren，andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome，thesurveyfound。Fromcareertocommunityandfamily，thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession，thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife，fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics。Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint：Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations。Whlieyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday，bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceatougheragood-payingjob，startingafamily，managingdebt，andfindingaffordablehousing。PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday。Schneider，a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraatingfromcollege。Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily，hesaid。”Ican’taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown，soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen。”Lookingback，heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung。“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees，”Schneidersaid。“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore。”36。Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis。[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles[B]havingafamilywithchildren[C]workingbeyondretirementage[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness37。ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto。[A]favoraslowerlifepace[B]holdanoccupationlonger[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome38。Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill。[A]becomeincreasinglyclear[B]focusonmaterialisticissues[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39。Bothyoungandoldagreethat。[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40。WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider？[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraatingfromcollege[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess[C]Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree[D]HethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallengingPartBDirections：ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs（41-45）。Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）A。BesillyB。HavefunC。AskforhelpD。Expressyouremotions。E。Don’toverthinkitF。BeeasilypleasedG。NoticethingsActYourShoeSize，NotYourAge。（1）Asalts，itseemsthatwe’reconstantlypursuinghappiness，oftenwithmixedresults。Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon’tneedself-helpbooksortherapy。Instead，theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctivelyandusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups。Perhapsit’stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem。41___________。（2）Whatdoesachilddowhenhe’ssad？Hecries。Whenhe’sangry？Heshouts。Scared？Probablyabitofboth。Aswegrowup，welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon’tdictateourbehaviours，whichisinmanywaysagoodthing。Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions，especiallynegativeones。That’saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill。Whatwefeelappropriatelyandthen-again，likechildren-moveon。42__________。AcoupleofChristmasesago，myyoungeststepdaughter，whowas9yearsoldatthetime，gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas。Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed，andcouldn’tbiggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent，buttherealityisthesethingshavelittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels。Instead，beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing。43__________。Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh？Ifwealtscouldinlgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling，wewouldrecethestresshormonesinourbodies，increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins，improvebloodflowtoourheartsandeverhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection。Allofwhichwould，ofcourse，haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels。44__________。Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere’sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith-work，mortgagepayments，figuringoutwhattocookfordinner。Butasaltswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit’simportantthatwescheleintimetoenjoythethingwelove。Thosethingsmightbesocial，sporting，creativeorcompletelyrandom（dancingaroundthelivingroom，anyone？）-itdoesn’tmatter，solongasthey’reenjoyable，andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects，suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou’reonatightbudget。45__________。Havingsaidalloftheabove，it’simportanttoaddthatweshouldn’ttrytoohardtobehappy。Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwellbeing。AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid：“Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness。”Andinthat，oncemore，weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren，towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanaturalbyproctofthewaytheylive。SectionIIITranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese。WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET。（15points）Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinitsdoors。Thereasonforthisissimple：Thelongeryoustayinthestore，themorestuffyou’llsee，andthemorestuffyousee，themoreyou’llbuy。Andsupermarketscontainalotofstuff。Theaveragesupermarket，accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute，carriessome44，000differentitems，andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore。Thesheervolumeofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppersintoastateofinformationoverload。Accordingtobrain-scanexperiments，thedemandsofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchforus。Afterabout40minutesofshopping，mostpeoplestopstrugglingtoberationallyselective，andinsteadbeganshoppingemotionally—whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50percentofstuffinourcartthatweneverintendedbuying。SectionIVWritingPartA47。Directions：Supposeyouwonatranslationcontestandyourfriend，Jack，wroteanemailtocongratulateyouandaskforadviceontranslation。Writehimareplyto1）thankhim，and2）giveyouadviceYoushouldwriteabout100ontheANSWERSHEET。Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter。UseLiMinginstead。Donotwritetheaddress。（10points）PartB48。Directions：Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow。Inyourwriting，youshould1）interpretthechart，and2）giveyourcomments。Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET。（15points）答案 SectionIUseofEnglish1.how2.Inparticular3.necessary4.optimism5.change6.measured7.sure8.headquartered9.explain10.factors11.desirable12.emerged13.Attribute14.experienced15.thus16.Equally17.while18.hints19.Shape20.leantowardsIIReadingcomprehensionText121.BRemodelthewayofthinking22.DInterest23.AHelpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages24.CBecomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld25.BPersuadeText226.Itsdramaticallydecreasedpopulation27.Grantedlessfederalregulatorypowder28.Agreetopaysumforcompensation29.Thestates30.InstrygroupText331.whatdeepreadingrequiredcannotbeguaranteed32.Makepassingtimefulfilling33.Achieveimmersivereading34.Readingbecomeyourprimarybusinessoftheday35.FindtimetoreadText436.Havingafamilywithachild37.Attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance38.ReachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39.Gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40.Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegreePartB41.Expressyouremotions42.Beeasilypleased43.Besilly44.Havefun45.Don’toverthinkitPartC【原文】Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinitsdoors.Thereasonforthisissimple:Thelongeryoustayinthestore,themorestuffyou’llsee,andthemorestuffyousee,themoreyou’llbuy.Andsupermarketscontainalotofstuff.Theaveragesupermarket,accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,carriessome44,00differentitems,andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore.Thesheervolumeofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppersintoastateofinformationoverload.Accordingtobrain-scanexperiments,thedemandsofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchforus.Afterabout40minutesofshopping,mostpeoplestopstrugglingtoberationallyselective,andinsteadbeginshoppingemotionally–whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50percentofstuffinourcartthatweneverintendedbuying.【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。原因非常简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长，看到的商品越多，看到的商品越多，买的越多。超市陈列了大量的商品。根据食品推广协会的调查，一般超市里有约44000种不同的商品;大多数超市都有上万种。如此众多的选择足以使顾客面对的信息过于繁杂。根据脑部扫描实验，需要快速的做这么多的决定就会使我们太累。大约购物40分钟以后，大多人就不会拼命去做出理性的选择，取而代之的是冲动购物——此时，在购物车里，我们已经装了一半根本没想买的东西。IIIWritingPartADirections:Supposeyouwonatranslationcontestandyourfriend,Jack,wroteanemailtocongratulateyouandaskforadviceontranslation.Writehimareplyto1)thankhim,and2)giveadvice.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthetext.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)参考范文：DearJack,Thankyouforyourwarmcongratulationonmywinningthetranslationcontest.NowIwillgiveyousomeadviceontranslation.Tobeginwith,youshouldhaveanearnestinterestintranslation,for,justasEinsteinsays,interestisthebestteacher.Besides,youshouldhaveanextensivereadingonthetwolanguages,becauseaccuratetranslationdemandsthatyoushouldhaveagoodgraspofthetwolanguagesandtheculturerelatedtothetwolanguages.Moreover,youshouldgraspessentialtranslationtechniques,whichwillfacilitatethetranslatingprocess.Ihopethatyoucanacquiresomemoreunderstandingoftranslationviamyadvice.Yourssincerely,LiMingPartBAscanbeapparentlyillustrated/depictedinthepiegraph,thepurposesofthestudentsofacollegecanbedividedintofiveparts,withadmiringthesceneryandrelievingthepressure,makingfriends,developingtheirindependentcapabilitiesandtherestaccountingfor37%,33%,6%,9%and15%respectively.Isolatedasthefiguresseemtobeinthepiegraph,asamatteroffact,theyareconnectedwithoneanotherclosely.Obviously,avarietyofcomplicatedfactorscontributetothephenomenonillustratedinthechartabove,withthefollowingtwoonesbeingtheforemost.Tobeginwith,amongthemostconvincingreasonsofferedbypeopleforthisphenomenon,oneshouldbeemphasizedthattheimprovementofoursocietyandtheprogressofscienceandtechnologyputthemostpressureonthecollegestudents,whichmakethemtiredandboredtowardtheirworkandstudy.Inadditiontothis,anotherequallyvitalpointtobeconsideredisthatcollegestudents’attitudestowardstravelconstituteamajorreasonforthephenomenon.Justasanoldproverbsays,“everycoinhasitstwosides.”Thesituationofcollegestudents’travelingisnoexception.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,whatweshouldpayattentionistoencouragethepositiveeffectsandeliminateitsnegativeinfluenceasfaraspossible.

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