华南农业大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生招生简章

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2020年英语一的翻译内容是关于文艺复兴的文章，大家可以发现这五年考查的方向是相同的，如、2015《美国历史概况》节选、2016心理健康、2017《英语走向何方》序言、2018莎士比亚时期的戏剧发展

36.GenerationZsgraatingcollegethisspring----A.arerecognizedfortheirabilities.B.areopti

SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidisethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?EquallythereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyinstrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoenrecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalisationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.21.【题干】Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares_____.【选项】A.willeasetrainoperation's'burden.B.haskeptpacewithinflation.C.isabigsurprisetocommuters.D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure.【答案】D 22.【题干】Thestockbrokerin2isusedtostandfor_____.【选项】A.cardriversB.railtravellersC.localinvestorsD.ordinarytaxpayers【答案】B 23.【题干】Itisindicatedin3thattrainoperators_____.【选项】A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters.B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions.C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice.D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes.【答案】C 24.【题干】Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface_____.【选项】A.thelossofinvestment.B.thecollapseofoperations.C.arectionofrevenueD.achangeofownership.【答案】D 25.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?【选项】A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWorkC.CanNationalizationBringHope?D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable【答案】D LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowofthatIndonesia’sbleakrateofdeforestationhasslowedinpace.Onereasonfortheturnaroundmaybethecountry'santipovertyprogram.In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginprogramthatgivesmoneytoitspoorestresidentsundercertainconditions,suchasrequiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorgetregularmedicalcare.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty.They'realreadyusedindozensofcountriesworldwide.InIndonesia,theprogramhasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicinetosubstantiallyreceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.ButCCTprogramsdon'tgenerallyconsidereffectsontheenvironment.Infact,povertyalleviationandenvironmentalprotectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,saysPaulFerraro,aneconomistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.That'sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,whileprotectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty.However,thosecorrelationsdon'tprovecauseandeffect.Theonlypreviousstudyanalyzingcausality,basedonanareainMexicothathadinstitutedCCTs,supportedthetraditionalview.There,aspeoplegotmoremoney,someofthemmayhavemoreclearedlandforcattletoraiseformeat,Ferrarosays.Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffecttheenvironment,though.FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia'spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation.Indonesiahasthethird-largestareaoftropicalforestintheworldandoneofthehighestdeforestationrates.Ferraroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestlossfrom2008to2012-includingringIndonesia'sphase-inoftheantipovertyprogram-in7,468forestedvillagesacross15provincesandmultipleislands.TheoseparatedtheeffectsoftheCCTprogramonforestlossfromotherfactors,likeweatherandmacroeconomicchanges,whichwerealsoaffectingforestloss.Withthat,"weseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30percentrectionindeforestation,"Ferrarosays.That'slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyasmakeshiftinsurancepoliciesagainstinclementweather,Ferrarosays.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,peoplemayclearlandtoplantmorericetosupplementtheirharvests.WiththeCCTs,indivialsinsteadcanusethemoneytosupplementtheirharvests.Whetherthisresearchtranslateselsewhereisanybody'sguess.Ferrarosuggeststheimportanceofgrowingriceandmarketaccess.Andregardlessoftransferability,thestudyshowsthatwhat'sgoodforpeoplemayalsobegoodforthevalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsaloneismorethantheprogramcosts.26.【题干】Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,CCTprogramsaimto_____.【选项】A.facilitatehealthcarereform.B.helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff.C.improvelocalecationsystems.D.lowerdeforestationrates.【答案】B 27.【题干】ThestudybasedonanareainMexicoiscitedtoshowthat_____.【选项】A.cattlerearinghasbeenamajormeansoflivelihoodforthepoor.B.CCTprogramshavehehelpedpreservetraditionallifestyles.C.antipovertyeffortsrequiretheparticipationoflocalfarmers.D.economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradation.【答案】D 28.【题干】InhisstudyaboutIndonesia,Ferrarointendstofindout_____.【选项】A.itsacceptancelevelofCCTs.B.itsannualrateofpovertyalleviation.C.therelationofcctstoitsforestloss.D.theroleofitsforestsinclimatechange.【答案】C 29.【题干】AccordingtoFerraro,theCCTprograminIndonesiaismostvaluableinthat_____.【选项】A.itwillbenefitotherAsiancountries.B.itwillreceregionalinequality.C.itcanprotecttheenvironment.D.itcanboostgrainproction.【答案】C 30.【题干】Whatisthetextcenteredon?【选项】A.Theeffectsofaprogram.B.Thedebatesoveraprogram.C.Theprocessofastudy.D.Thetransferabilityofastudy.【答案】AAsahistorianwho'salwayssearchingforthetextortheimagethatmakesusre-evaluatethepast,I'vebecomepreoccupiedwithlookingforphotographsthatshowourVictorianancestorssmiling(whatbetterwaytoshattertheimageof19th-centuryprudery?).I'vefoundquiteafew,and-sinceIstartedpostingthemonTwitter-theyhavebeencausingquitestir.PeoplehavebeensurprisedtoseeevidencethatVictorianshadfunandcould,anddid,laugh.TheyarenotingthattheVictorianssuddenlyseemtobecomemorehumanasthehundred-or-soyearsthatseparateusfadeawaythroughourcommonexperienceoflaughter.Ofcourse,Ineedtoconcedethatmycollectionof'SmilingVictorians'makesuponlyatinypercentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840and1900,themajorityofwhichshowsittersposingmiserablyandstifflyinfrontofpaintedbackdrops,orstaringabsentlyintothemiddledistance.Howdoweexplainthistrend?Duringthe1840sand1850s,intheearlydaysofphotography,exposuretimeswerenotoriouslylong:thedaguerreotypephotographicmethod(procinganimageonasilveredcopperplate)couldtakeseveralminutestocomplete,resultinginblurredimagesassittersshiftedpositionoradjustedtheirlimbs.Thethoughtofholdingafixedgrinasthecameraperformeditsmagicaltieswastoomuchtocontemplate,andsoanon-committalblankstarebecamethenorm.Butexposuretimesweremuchquickerbythe1880s,andtheintroctionoftheBoxBrownieandotherportablecamerasmeantthat,thoughslowbytoday'sdigitalstandards,theexposurewasalmostinstantaneous.Spontaneoussmileswererelativelyeasytocapturebythe1890s,sowemustlookelsewhereforanexplanationofwhyVictoriansstillhesitatedtosmile.Oneexplanationmightbethelossofdignitydisplayedthroughacheesygrin.“Naturegaveuslipstoconcealourteeth,”ranonepopularVictorianmaxim,alludingtothefactthatbeforethebirthofproperdentistry,mouthswereofteninashockingstateofhygiene.Aflashingsetofhealthyandclean,regularpearlywhites'raresightinVictoriansociety,thepreserveofthesuper-rich(andeventhen,dentalhygienewasnotguaranteed).Atoothygrin(especiallywhenthereweregapsorblackenedteeth)lackedclass:drunks,tramps,prostitutesandbuffoonishmusichallperformersmightgurnandgrinwithasmileaswideasLewisCarroll'sgum-exposingCheshireCat,butitwasnotabecominglookforproperlybredpersons.EvenMarkTwain,amanwhoenjoyedaheartylaugh,saidthatwhenitcametophotographicportraitstherecouldbe"nothingmoredamningthanasilly,foolishsmilefixedforever".31.【题干】AccordingtoParagraph1,theauthor'spostsonTwitter._____【选项】A.changedpeople'simpressionoftheVictorians.B.highlightedsocialmedia'sroleinVictorianstudies.C.re-evaluatedtheVictorians'notionofpublicimage.D.illustratedthedevelopmentofVictorianphotography.【答案】A 32.【题干】WhatdoesauthorsayabouttheVictorianportraitshehascollected?_____【选项】A.Theyareinpopularuseamonghistorians.B.Theyarerareamongphotographsofthatage.C.Theymirror19th-centurysocialconventions.D.Theyshoweffectsofdifferentexposuretimes.【答案】B 33.【题干】WhatmighthavekepttheVictoriansfromsmilingforpicturesinthe1890s?_____【选项】A.Theirinherentsocialsensitiveness.B.Theirtensionbeforethecamera.C.Theirdistrustofnewinventions.D.Theirunhealthydentalcondition.【答案】D 34.【题干】MarkTwainisquotedtoshowthatthedisapprovalofsmilesinpictureswas_____.【选项】A.adeep-rootbelief.B.amisguidedattitude.C.acontroversialview.D.athought-provokingidea.【答案】A 35.【题干】Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextanswer?_____【选项】A.WhydidmostVictorianslooksterninphotographs?B.WhydidtheVictoriansstartviewphotographs?C.WhatmadephotographydevelopslowlyintheVictorianperiod?D.Howdidsmilinginphotographsbecomeapost-Victoriannorm?【答案】A Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband,advocatesforconsumersandweb-basedcompaniesworriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandconnectionshadthepowerandincentivetofavoraffiliatedwebsitesovertheirrivals.That'swhytherehasbeensuchastrongdemandforrulesthatwouldpreventbroadbandprovidersfrompickingwinnersandlosersonline,preservingthefreedomandinnovationthathavebeenthelifebloodoftheinternet.Yetthatdemandhasbeenalmostimpossibletofill-inpartbecauseofpushbackfrombroadbandproviders,anti-regulatoryconservativesandthecourts.AfederalappealscourtweighedinagainTuesday,butinsteadofprovidingbadlyneededresolution,itonlyprolongedthefight.AtissuebeforetheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitwasthelatesttakeoftheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)onnetneutrality,adoptedonaparty-linevotein2017.TheRepublican-pennedordernotonlyeliminatedthestrictnetneutralityrulestheFCChadadoptedwhenithadaDemocraticmajorityin2015,butrejectedthecommission'sauthoritytorequirebroadbandproviderstodomuchofanything.Theorderalsodeclaredthatstateandlocalgovernmentscouldn'tregulatebroadbandproviderseither.Thecommissionarguedthatotheragencieswouldprotectagainstanti-competitivebehavior,suchasabroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingserviceattheexpenseofNetflixandAppleTV.YettheFCCalsoendedtheinvestigationsofbroadbandprovidersthatimposeddatacapsontheirrivals'streamingservicesbutnottheirown.OnTuesday,theappealscourtunanimouslyupheldthe2017orderderegulatingbroadbandproviders,citingaSupremeCourtrulingfrom2005thatupheldasimilarlyderegulatorymove.ButJudgePatriciaMillettrightlyarguedinaconcurringopinionthat“theresultisunhingedfromtherealitiesofmodernbroadbandservice,”andsaidCongressortheSupremeCourtcouldinterveneto"avoidtrappingInternetregulationintechnologicalanachronism."Inthemeantime,thecourtthrewouttheFCC'sattempttoblockallstaterulesonnetneutrality,whilepreservingthecommission'spowertopreemptindivialstatelawsthatundermineitsorder.ThatmeansmorebattlesliketheonenowgoingonbetweentheJusticeDepartmentandCalifornia,whichenactedatoughnetneutralitylawinthewakeoftheFCC'sabdication.Theendlesslegalbattlesandback-and-forattheFCCcryoutforCongresstoact.Itneedstogivethecommissionexplicitauthorityonceandforalltobarbroadbandprovidersfrommeddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotectingopennessandinnovationonline.36.【题干】Therehaslongbeenconcernthatbroadbandprovideswould_____.【选项】A.bringweb-basedfirmsundercontrol.B.slowdownthetrafficontheirnetwork.C.showpartialityintreatingclients.D.intensifycompetitionwiththeirrivals.【答案】C 37.【题干】Facedwiththedemandfornetneutralityrules,theFcc_____.【选项】A.Stickstoanout-of-dateorder.B.Takesananti-regulatorystance.C.Hasissuedaspecialresolution.D.Hasallowedthestatestointervene.【答案】B 38.【题干】WhatcanbelearnedaboutAT&TfromParagraph3?【选项】A.Itprotectsagainstunfaircompetition.B.Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices.C.ItisundertheFCC'sinvestigation.D.Itisinpursuitofqualityservice.【答案】B 39.【题干】JudgePatriciaMillettarguesthattheappealscourt'sdecision_____.【选项】A.focusesontrivialities.B.conveysanambiguousmessage.C.isatoddswithitsearlierrulings.D.isoutoftouchwithreality.【答案】D 40.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph?【选项】A.Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality.B.TheFCCshouldbeputunderstrictsupervision.C.Rulesneedtobesettodiversifyonlineservices.D.Broadbandproviders'rightsshouldbeprotected.【答案】ASectionIIReadingComprehensionPartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon’tinvolvedoom-and-massunemploymentpredictions?ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceinstriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAlmoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.Onecommonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:BetterhiringpracticesCompaniesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions."Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,"saysPedroDomingos,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowtheQuestfortheUltimateLearningMachineWillRemakeOurWorldandacomputerscience_____(41)Onecompanythat’sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.MoreeffectivemarketingSomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue._____(42)Thereare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.SavingcustomersmoneyEnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersrecetheirelectricitybillssavingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironment.Companiescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompaniesmeanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk."Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,"saysDomingos,_____(43)ImprovedaccuracyMachinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatistics,whichmakesdatamorevaluable,"saysWinston.It"helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions."_____(44)ProtectingandmaintaininginfrastructureAnumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen."Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it'sveryexpensive,"saysDomingos._____(45)[A]Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou'redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn'thavetimefor.[B]Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.[C]TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdwords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.[D]Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit'susefulforemployeestogoto.[E]Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.[F]We'realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.[G]AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.41.【题干】41._____.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】G 42.【题干】42._____.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】C 43.【题干】43._____.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】E 44.【题干】44._____.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】B 45.【题干】45._____.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】D