2018考研英语一完形原文Can we trust Trust

以下是2018考研英语一完形源文CanwetrustTrust：CanwetrustTrust?OdFremantlePhilosophyCaféTrustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it’saprerequisiteformanyworthwhilethings:childcare,relationships,friendships—evenjusteatingatarestaurant.Ontheotherhand,puttingyourfaithinthewrongplaceoftencarriesahighprice.Manyphilosophersdefinetrustasakindofrelianceonotherpeoplebasedonacertainattitude.Whatistheattitudethatunderpinstrust?Philosophershaveansweredthatquestionmanyways.Forexample,somesayitisasimplebeliefthattheotherpersonwilldotherightthingfortherightreasons.Otherssayitisrootedinafeltaltruism,orinthehopethatdisplayingtrustwillinfluencetheotherpersontodowhatonewantsthemtodo.Theproblemwiththebeliefview,accordingtoBaier,wastwo-fold:first,itfailedtodistinguishtrustfrommerereliance,andsecondly(andperhapsmoreimportantly),itfailedtomakesenseoftheideathatwhenyoutrustsomeoneandyourtrustisviolated,youfeelasenseofbetrayalratherthanmeredisappointment.Trustisimportant,butitisalsodangerous.Itisimportantbecauseitallowsustoformrelationshipswithpeopleandtodependonthem—forlove,foradvice,forhelpwithourplumbing,orwhathaveyou—especiallywhenweknowthatnooutsideforcecompelsthemtogiveussuchthings.Buttrustalsoinvolvestheriskthatpeoplewetrustwillnotpullthroughforus;for,ifthereweresomeguaranteethattheywouldpullthrough,thenwewouldhavenoneedtotrustthem.Thus,trustisalsodangerous.Whatweriskwhiletrustingisthelossofthethingsthatweentrusttoothers,includingourself-respect,perhaps,whichcanbeshatteredbythebetrayalofourtrust.Trustisonepatternofreliance,wherethetrustingperson,ortrustorcan’tcontrolwhatthetrustedperson,ortrustee,does,andmaynotevenknowwhatthetrusteedoesatthetimehedoesit,butplansonthetrusteedoingonethingratherthananother.Thispatternofrelianceisnodoubtessentialtosociallifeandbasicsurvival.Butisitrational?Doestrustreallyamounttobeingstupid,orhelpless,orboth?”Ifyouneedaguarantee,you’renottrusting.Totrustsomeonetodosomething,istorelyonthemtodothatthing,withouthavinganyguarantees.Evenso,weoftenhavenochoicebuttotrust.We’reforcedtocountonothersallthetime.“Trust”isjustwhatwecallthiskindofhelplessdependenceonothers.Wehavegotnowaytomakesureanyonewillactuallydowhatwecountonthemtodo.SowesayI“trust”them.ButperhapsI'mmissingsomething.Trustisn’texpectationwithnoguarantee.It’sexpectationwithacertainsortofguarantee.Thesortofguaranteeonegetswithapromise,forexample.Thetrustorreliesonthetrusteetobetrustworthy.Toliveuptotheirword.Herearesomeponderings:)ifwetaketheassumptionthattrustisakindofreliance:totrustsomeoneistorelyontheminacertainkindofway.Thequestionthatphilosophersaskis:Whatisthetypeofreliancethatconstitutestrust?So,let’sthinkabouttrustasfollows:totrustsomeonetodosomethingistorelyonthemtodoitandtodosooutofacertainattitudetowardsthepropositionthattheywilldoitfortherightreasons.Ifyouthinkofthatasthebasicnatureoftrust,thephilosophicalquestionsaretwo:Whatistherightattitude?Whataretherightreasons?Andyoucanthinkofphilosophicaldisputesaboutthenatureoftrustasdisputesalongoneofthosetwodimensions.Butcan’twetrustsomeonewedon’tbelieveistrustworthy?Haveyoutrustedtrustedotherstobehaveresponsibly;believingthattheyreallywould?Trustingthosewhoarenottrustworthy,however,seemsariskweoftenhavetotake.Trustingwherewecannotverifyalsoisariskweoftenhavetotake.Whatdoyouthinkofthisstatement?TrustisGood;ControlisBetterVladimirIlychLeninSeligman,AdamB.(1998)."OnthelimitsofConfidenceandRoleExpectations".AmericanJournalofEconomicsandSociology.ReadytoTrustinthePondering?