原题:Directions:Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:Interpret the following pictures.Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.审题谋篇1997年的作文看起来非常简单,是我们非常熟悉的吸烟问题,似乎每个人都能就此发表自己的观点。实则不然,这篇文章有几个暗含的难点。首先,与往年不同,本年度的图表比较复杂,包含四幅图画。第一幅图是1994年与1995年世界烟草总产量的一个比较图;第二幅图是一个扇形图,说明烟民占世界人口的比例(在此,我们可以看到这个比例是非常高的,言外之意,对吸烟的控制将不是一件轻而易举的事情);第三幅图和第四幅图分别显示吸烟带来的经济损失和人员损失之大,进一步说明控制吸烟势在必行。考生看了四幅图后,首先应该做的一件事情就是寻找四幅图之间的逻辑联系和内在线索,而不是简单地依次描述四幅图。其次,本作文另外一个难点就是文章的重点或落脚点比较隐蔽,也就是在文章提纲的第二点要求上:预测烟草消费的趋势并给出原因。基于以上的分析,这篇文章最好分为两段或者三段。第一段段首可以着重利用后两幅图,论述吸烟的危害性,段末部分使用第一幅图点出文章的中心:烟草消费量可能下降的趋势。文章第二段可着重论述这种消费下降趋势的原因。考生也可以在第二段段首点明烟草消费下降的趋势,进而阐述原因。范文使用第二种方法。考生可以根据实际情况,增加一个第三段,客观地分析烟草消费量下降不是一件容易的事,在此可以利用第三幅图,说明烟民占世界总人口的比例较大,控制吸烟不是一件容易的事情。二、参考范文It goes without saying that tobacco consumption and tobacco instry have always been a hot-debated issue in our society. With the increasing scope of the tobacco instry, more and more people become addicted to smoking. The tremendous tobacco consumption not only causes vast economic losses but also threatens people’s health. The annual economic loss e to tobacco consumption amounts to 200 billion US dollars, and meanwhile 3 million people worldwide lose their lives because of smoking-related diseases.To our great relief, there is a tendency of declining in tobacco consumption—the year between 1994 and 1995, as indicated by chart 1, witnessed a drop in total tobacco proction in the world, declining from 14.364 million pounds in 1994 to 14.2 million pounds in 1995. The reason that more and more people begin to quit smoking is mainly people’s increasing awareness of the harmful effects of tobacco. If this trend can be maintained, the number of people dying of smoking-related diseases can be significantly reced. Therefore, great efforts should be made by people in all walks of the society to stop smoking.Needless to say, no easy solution can be found to solve the smoking problem. To begin with, the percentage of smokers is too large: according to a survey, there are 1.2 billion tobacco consumers in the world, accounting for approximately 20 percent of the world population. It wouldn’t be an easy task to persuade such a large amount of people to give up their smoking habits, especially the heavy smokers. In addition, tobacco instry still plays a very important role in the development of the economy. As a consequence, only with concerted efforts of all people, can this problem be properly dealt with.三、范文点评文章结构:从结构上看,该范文对提纲做出适当调整,分为三段而不是两段。第一段采用了先总后分的写作方法,段首先对图画做出总体评价,进而指出烟草业和吸烟对人类社会的危害。第二段段首和上段形成对比,段首指出这种现象有所改变:烟草消费数量有所下降,进而结合图表,指出这种下降的原因何在。第三段采用总—分—总的写作方法,段首为主题句,指出吸烟问题解决起来并没有那么容易,段落中使用To begin with和In addition从两个方面进行论证,段尾对本段进行了总结。语言亮点:1. hot-debated issue:“讨论的热点”,还可以说widely-discussed issue。2. become addicted to:或be addicted to上瘾。例如:More and more young people become addicted to on-line chatting.(越来越多的年轻人着迷于网上聊天)。3. annual:每年的,近义词为yearly。Every year为副词,相当于annually。4. e to:“因为”,如:Most accidents are e to driving at high speed.(大部分事故是由于高速驾驶造成的)。类似的表达有:because of, on account of, as result of, in consequence of, caused by等。5. amount to:“达到(某数量),到…之多”。这是一个图表题中经常使用的结构,例如:Expenses on food amount to 30% of every Chinese family’s income.(用于食物的开支占每个中国家庭收入的30%)。类似的表达有:add up to, come to, total, sum up等。6. meanwhile:与此同时。词性为副词,相当于at the same time。7. smoking-related diseases:与吸烟有关的疾病。8. (much)to one’s great relief:使某人大为放心,使某人深感宽慰。9. witness:“时间+experience /see /witness +变化+在哪方面”可用来表达某段时间发生的变化。10. The reason that... is... :用reason接从句表原因有两种方式:一种是范文中的用法the reason (that)(定语从句)... is(that)...,另一种是the reason why(接同位语从句)... is that...,如:The reason why we cook food much faster today is that the changes in food preparation methods(今天我们烹饪食物的速度提高了很多的原因是在准备食物的方法上有了变化)。11. maintain:保持。例如:If the present rate of economic increase can be maintained, the majority of Chinese will live a well-off life in the middle of the 21st century.(如果中国经济增长能保持目前的速度,21世纪中叶,大部分中国人就能过上小康生活)。12. in all walks of the society:“社会的各个方面”,又如:men in all walks of life(各行各业的人)。13. To begin with:首先,相当于first of all或first(ly)。14. account for:(在数量、比例方面)占。例如:Farmers account for about 80% of the total population of China.(农民占中国总人口的约80%。)15. In addition:而且,再者。相当于What’s more。16. concerted:“商定的,共同计划或完成的”,如:We made a concerted effort to solve the problem.(我们一起努力解决了这个问题)四、写作误区篇章结构误区:生硬的图表罗列是本题写作的第一个误区。任何形式的图表作文,考试的目的都不是单纯的描写,而是要抓住图表之间的内在联系。如果只是罗列现象、描写图表,就会犯言之无物的错误,难以展开有力有效的分析。本题写作的第二个误区是跑题,因为很多考生一看到题目,就理所当然地认为这是非常熟悉的“吸烟有害健康”主题的文章,便开始大谈吸烟的危害、主动吸烟、被动吸烟,及至如何降低吸烟对社会及个人造成的危害,等等。考生犯这样的错误说明没有审清楚题,题目的要求有两点:解释图片;预测烟草消费的趋势并给出原因。换句话说,这样的考生没有意识到或者根本没有看清楚第二个要求。语言表达错误:①用词不当:The other reason is that smoking is forbidden in the popular areas in more and more countries.(The other reason is that smoking is forbidden in public areas in more and more countries.)Thus I think the tendency of world tobacco consumption is descend.(Thus I think the tendency of world tobacco consumption is to decrease.)②动词误用:Even the strongest method can’t decline the number of smokers.(Even the toughest method can’t make the number of smokers decline.)③连词误用:Because of the tendency of tobacco consumption, I think the number of cigarette smokers is rising in some developing countries.(As far as the tendency of tobacco consumption is concerned, I think the number of cigarette smokers is rising in some developing countries.)④冠词错误:For above-mentioned reasons, I believe the consumption of tobacco will decrease and all problems it causes will be solved.(For all the above-mentioned reasons, I believe the consumption of tobacco will decrease and all the problems it causes will be solved.)⑤主谓搭配错误:More and more people believe smoking do harm to health, waste money.(More and more people believe smoking does harm to health, and is a waste of money.)⑥中式英语:From the pictures, we first know that there are a lot of smoking people in the world.(From the pictures, we first know that there are a lot of smokers in the world.)⑦句意笼统:You can see the number from the chart, which make you think deeply of the harm of smoking. (It can be seen from the chart that there are 200 billion dollars’ loss and 3 million deaths resulting from smoking.)
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